TotalEnergies SE

PAR:TTE

Earnings Call Transcript 2022-Q1

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to TotalEnergies' First Quarter 2022 Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] I must advise you that this conference is being recorded today, the 28th of April 2022.

I would now like to hand the conference over to Mr. Patrick Pouyanné, CEO of TotalEnergies; and Mr. Jean-Pierre Sbraire, CFO of TotalEnergies. Please go ahead, sirs.

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Good morning, and hello to everyone. Welcome to this conference call for the first quarter of 2022. Given the geopolitical turmoil and the market volatility, I am joining the call to talk about how we are navigating this environment and to answer your question from the perspective of management and the Board. I am today with Jean-Pierre, and he will present you the results after my initial remarks and then the Q&A.

So to that point, it was a month ago on February 24 that Russia invaded Ukraine, triggering violence and destructions that have killed thousands and displaced millions. So TotalEnergies condemns this military aggression. And in response, we have outlined on March 22 our principles of conduct to manage our Russian-related activities, including our full support to current and future sanctions, whatever the consequences on our assets will be.

Going beyond the sanctions, we have also announced our decision to stop the flow of capital to new projects in Russia, initiated a gradual suspension of our activities there while ensuring the safety of our staff. In doing so, we are exercising our duty of vigilance in line with our corporate responsibility. We have begun to end our activities related to Russian oil and petroleum products. We stopped spot trading transactions linked to Russian oil or natural gas.

On March 22, we announced that given the uncertainty created by the technological and financial sanctions on the ability to carry out the Arctic LNG 2 project, currently under construction, and we are probable tightening with the worsening conflict, we had decided to no longer book reserve for this project. Since then, on April 8th, new sanctions have effectively been adopted by European authorities, notably prohibiting exports from European Union countries of goods and technologies for the use in the LNG benefiting a Russian company.

This new provision constitute additional risk on the execution of the Arctic LNG 2 project. And as a result, we decided to record in the accounts of TotalEnergies SE as of March 31, 2022, an impairment of $4.1 billion, concerning notably Arctic LNG 2. Our activity related to Russia is essentially indeed, in fact, centered around LNG supply from Yamal LNG, which the EU has deemed necessary until now. And so until there is a change through possible sanction, we'll continue to honor our contractual obligations and protect the company from potential significant liabilities.

For Russia, we also apply our principle of transparency. On March 24, we communicate to you the 2021 results and cash related to our Russian businesses. And today, you probably noticed in our press release that we have added a special table related to results, cash flows of our upstream assets as well as to capital employed in Russia. Russia is material in terms of volume, but represents indeed only a very limited part of the generation of revenues and cash flows.

In the first quarter, the Russian upstream asset accounted for $300 million or about 2.5% of our cash flow, mainly from Yamal LNG as there was no dividend from Novatek and $1 billion or about 10% of our net operating income. Capital employed is now less than $10 billion after the impairment out of more $140 billion from the company.

The consequences of Russia's actions are going beyond the relation related businesses and will have a significant impact on the global economy, potentially more serious than the COVID pandemic and related shutdowns. The immediate impact, of course, has been the significant disruptions to energy markets that pushed oil prices above $100 per barrel and gas prices in Europe and Asia to more than $30 per million BTU.

Oil prices could remain high, particularly if additional production capacity from OPEC or U.S. and conventional fail to compensate for the potential loss of 2 million to 3 million-barrel of oil per day of Russian crude productions, plus a drop in refining capacities from Russia for petroleum products. Gas prices are likely to remain high and volatile as Europe seeks to rebuild inventories and reduce independence on Russian gas, which puts Europe into competition for Vega for LNG.

But the most important part is also the need for Europe to diversify its energy supply, which will be a massive effort over many years. And this will permanently alter the global supply chain for oil and even for more gas -- more for gas. It's also created, of course, new opportunities for our North Sea natural gas businesses as well as for LNG business and our transition to electricity and renewables.

To respond to this new situation, during this quarter, TotalEnergies mobilized its full capacities and leveraged its integrated midstream LNG business to saturate all our European regas capacities with a record 4.7 million tons of spot LNG purchases. In addition, we are mobilizing additional investments to support short-term gas production in the North Sea assets, 2 rigs have been mobilized in Denmark for infield wells and well stimulation.

I remind you that Tierra redevelopment start-up is planned by mid-'23. We have also debottleneck of [indiscernible] asset by 10%. We are drilling infill wells on Alwyn, and we are taking actions to boost the production of west of Shetland by 10% by lowering pressures in some pipelines. And of course, we are supporting actions launched by Equinor in Norway.

It's important, however, to recognize that oil and gas prices started to move higher in the second half of last year before the invasion of Ukraine. So post-COVID rebound in energy demand made it clear that supply-demand balance was already tight even with China partially locked down and then inventories were low. Years of underinvestment in new supply of oil and gas production and storage helped to create this situation, and there is no quick and easy fix for it.

The industry needs to invest more, but I'm also convinced that our industry will avoid triggering the runaway cost inflation that marked the last commodity super cycle as we will keep this lesson in mind. At TotalEnergies, we continue to invest with discipline. We just acquired a deep offshore oil production in Brazil. We signed yesterday the Atapu and Sépia contract and production will flow from today in our accounts.

And I remember, we acquired them in the last December on a very reasonable price deck of assumptions. And we have made promising all discoveries in Suriname in Namibia. Plus, of course, we are moving forward with partners in North America to further expand our LNG business. Energy is a commodity and commodity markets tend to move cyclically in and out of balance, usually combined by period of uncertainty and high availability.

So the current geopolitical turmoil and market volatility illustrates the challenge that we describe as the energy triangle. We must seek to balance security of supply with affordability to the customer and impact on climate. Climate is an imperative, but overemphasizing any one of these 3 factors typically comes at the expense of the 2 others. In our case, oil and gas will continue to be a significant source of cash for the company.

We continue to fund our growth in low-carbon energies, which we will provide to our customers so that they have access to cleaner, more reliable and affordable energy. At this point in the commodity cycle, high oil and gas prices are flowing into the company, generating strong results and cash flows, which is a complete reversal of situation from just 2 years ago.

In the first quarter, we generated free cash flow after investments, dividends and buyback of $5.8 billion, and we were able to reduce our net debt so that the gearing fell to 12.5%. Jean-Pierre will come back on the results in detail. Given the strong cash flow generation and the strong balance sheet, the Board reviewed our cash flow, cash allocation principles and clearly, reaffirmed its willingness to give priority to accelerate the company's transformation through counter cycle opportunities. It is, however, in fact, a matter of patience.

The Board confirms a 5% increase in the first interim '22 dividend to EUR 0.69 per share. And it authorized the company to buy back up to EUR 3 billion of its shares in the first half, so an increase of EUR 1 billion compared to the guidance for this first half which was given in last February. $2 billion will be bought back in the second quarter, twice more than in the first quarter. We will maintain capital discipline as we look for opportunities to profitably grow the company mainly, of course, in LNG and renewables and power.

And we may, at the same time, move countercyclically to divest some nonstrategic oil in this favorable environment, particularly production that is high -- that has high carbon intensity to further rebalance our energy mix. In particular, we will put for sale our 10% interest in the old licenses of SPDC Onshore Nigeria, as the disruptions by local communities are a source of great concerns not only for the operator, but also for us as nonoperator. We will keep, however, the onshore gas licenses of SPDC Onshore Nigeria as they are critical to feed an LNG expansion.

Expanding our integrated LNG activities, along with our renewables and electric business is central to our strategy, and we plan to play an important role in Europe's plan to diversify its energy supply away from Russian gas.

We have announced the expansion of our partnership with Sempra in North America. First, we launched this last month, a feed of Cameron LNG extension. I think it represents a 6.5 million ton additional capacity. And second, we extend our partnership to a new potential project in Mexico called Vista Pacifico. And third, we will develop, together with Sempra, some onshore renewables and offshore win in California.

TotalEnergies is investing around about 25% of its CapEx to develop renewable and electricity and similar amount to grow LNG and what we call the new molecules, both are critical to the energy transition. In these uncertain times, we remain confident that disciplined investment to support our multi-energy strategy will create long-term shareholder value. In 2022, this might be close to $15 billion inside the previous guidance of $14 million to $15 million.

A last word, before to give the floor to Jean-Pierre, about the preparation of our annual shareholders' meeting on May 25. You probably noticed that we had a constructive dialogue with some shareholders, and that after our sustainability and climate progress report '22 issued on March 24, in line with our principle of transparency, we took some new commitment to extend the scope of our reporting to enable investors to fully assess the company's energy transition strategy.

In particular, this report will be published each year and submitted to a yearly advisory vote. The Board has decided not to accept the resolution submitted by [indiscernible] as it contravenes French legal rules, setting the prerogatives of the company's competitive governance bodies. The Board is in charge of the strategy, not the AGM, but invited those supporting the proposed resolution to express their views either through available or written question, which will be addressed as a matter of priority at our next Annual Shareholder Meeting. We are definitely open to a transparent and constructive dialogue with all our shareholders.

And now I will turn it over to Jean-Pierre for a review of the results, and we'll come back to join you for the Q&A.

[Jean-Pierre Sbraire, executive]

Thank you, Patrick. So reported IFRS net income for the first quarter of '22 was $4.9 million, which takes into account the EUR 4.1 billion impairment related to our Russian exposure. So adjusted net income was $9 billion for this quarter, the highest quarterly result in history of the company, up 32% from the previous quarter, mainly due to the 24% increase in our average realized oil price as well as an 8% increase in our average realized gas price and strong results from our midstream and downstream activities.

Adjusted earnings per share was $2.40 in the first quarter, a 1/3 increase from the fourth quarter. Debt-adjusted cash flow was $12 billion, up 23% from the previous quarter, ahead of expectations. Patrick explained to you how we will allocate the strong cash flow.

Going now through the results by segment. The integrated Gas, Renewables & Power segment reported adjusted net operating income of more than $3 billion in the first quarter, up 11% from the previous quarter, and a threefold increase from a year ago. Thanks to its ability to capture higher LNG prices and leverage strong performance from gas, LNG and electricity trading activities. Operating cash flow before working capital changes was $2.6 billion, up 6% from the previous quarter and 2.4x higher than the first quarter last year.

Cash flow from operations was $315 million, reflecting the increase in working cap linked to the seasonability and to the price effect on receivables for the gas and power supply businesses. LNG sales were 13.3 million tons in the first quarter, up 15% from the previous quarter and more than 30% from a year ago. LNG sales from our equity production were stable at 4.4 million tons. So the main driver was record-level third-party volumes sold on the spot markets, notably in Europe, as Patrick mentioned. Our average price for LNG in the first quarter remained strong at $13.6 per million BTU, and we anticipate that it will be above $14 per million BTU in the second quarter.

Our ability to execute and deliver along the entire gas value chain, including our midstream LNG trading activities, has continued to outperform expectations. iGRP increased gross renewable power generation to 10.7 gigawatts at the end of the first quarter, up 400 million watts from the previous quarter, thanks in part to start-ups in India. Gross power generation capacity under development increased to nearly 25 gigawatts, mainly due to the award of concession for offshore wind farms, including 3 gigawatts of the cost of New York and New Jersey and 2 gigawatts of the cost of Scotland.

Net electricity generation grew to 7.6 terawatt hour in the first quarter, up 61% year-on-year, thanks to higher utilization from our feasibility power plants in a strong margin environment as well as continued growth in electricity generation from renewable sources. EBITDA from the renewable electricity business was $175 million in the first quarter in the context of power price volatilities and the mechanism for setting the regulated electricity sales tariff in France.

The E&P segment reported adjusted net operating income of $5 billion, up 42% from the previous quarter and 2.5x higher than the same quarter last year, far above the increase in oil and gas prices, demonstrating strong leverage to the environment. Operating cash flow before working capital changes was $7.3 billion in the first quarter, up 28% from the previous quarter and nearly double the same quarter last year, reflecting the higher commodity price environment.

Operationally, the E&P segments oil and gas production grew by 3% compared to the previous quarter and was stable compared to the year ago. Start-ups and ramp-ups of projects, mainly in Angola and Brazil, plus an increase in OPEC production quotas offset the natural decline, the price effect and other negative impacts, including the 25,000 barrels per day equivalent decrease in Nigeria related to security concerns about SPDC, which we are considering for divestments, as Patrick explained.

Looking ahead, including the startup of Mero 1 and our entry in Atapu and Sépia, we expect production in Brazil to grow by 30,000 barrels per day in the second quarter and then by 60,000 barrels per day in the fourth quarter. Our downstream activities generated $1.4 billion of adjusted net operating income in the first quarter, up [ 35% ] from the previous quarter and 2.6x higher than the same quarter a year ago.

Operating cash flow before working cap changes was $1.9 billion, up 22% from the previous quarter and more than 2x higher than renewable. The strong downstream performance was mainly due to higher distillate margins in Europe in the context of reduced imports of Russian petroleum products, as well as outperformance of around $400 million compared to standard results in the quarter by our crude and product trading activities.

Refinery throughput increased to 1.1 million barrels per day in the first quarter, reflecting demand recovery, particularly in the U.S. and in Europe and the restart of the distillation unit at the Normandy refinery. Petrochemical production volumes were stable. Petroleum product sales were 1.4 million barrels per day equivalent in the first quarter, stable compared to a year ago, as the demand recovery in aviation was offset by lower sales in Asia due to pandemic lockdowns.

At the company level, operating cash flow before working cap changes was $11.6 billion in the first quarter. This was a working capital build of $3.5 billion in the first quarter, mainly due to price effects on inventories, an increase in inventories level to ensure the security of supply for refineries, and the seasonality of the gas and electricity business. This was partially offset by $0.9 billion release of margin growth and $1.9 billion of receivable payable valuation, including an increase in tax payables.

Net investments were $2.9 billion in the first quarter, including $900 million for renewable and electricity, in line with the '22 targets of 25% of our CapEx for the full year.

We are maintaining capital discipline and full year CapEx may trend towards $15 million, still inside the previous guidance of $14 million to $15 million, as Patrick mentioned, including the mobilization of additional investment to support short-term gas prices -- gas production, sorry, in the North Sea and additional opportunities that may rise in line with our strategy of transformation.

We reduced net debt by $3.7 million, which lowered the gearing ratio to 12.5% at the end of the first quarter. And we bought back $1 million of our shares during the quarter.

We reaffirmed the company's priority in terms of cash flow allocation in this context of higher oil and gas prices, investing in profitable projects to implement the strategy to transform TotalEnergies into a sustainable multi-energy company, linking dividend growth to structural cash flow growth, maintaining a strong balance sheet and a long-term debt rating with a minimum [indiscernible] by dominantly and gearing below 20%, and allocating a share of the surplus cash flow from high hydrocarbon prices to share buybacks.

Let me conclude my remarks, and so we are ready with Patrick to begin the Q&A.

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions] And the first question comes from the line of Irene Himona from Societe Generale.

[Irene Himona, analyst]

Congratulations on these exceptional results. I have 2 questions, please. Firstly, on the actual results, Refining & Chemicals benefited from a rather low adjusted tax rate this quarter compared with Normandy with last year. Was this a one-off? And do you expect it to move back up again over the rest of the year? And then secondly, the balance sheet deleveraging obviously continues. And arguably at the top of the cycle, this is quite normal to enable you to then withstand the eventual price downturn. But as you stated, Patrick, prices may well remain elevated for a bit longer. Do you see this rapid deleveraging as creating options for you for large-scale M&A, particularly in new energies and low carbon?

[Jean-Pierre Sbraire, executive]

So I will take the first question in regards to the tax rate. So globally, that's true that globally, the group, the company benefited from a lower tax rate due to the higher contribution of LNG. And I mentioned to you the other performance of the trading and is part of the explanation.

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Yes. The trading benefits from a lower tax rate than the traditional activity. So there is no more one-off on the refining and petrochemicals part of the business. Considering your second question, I mean, priority, as we said, I think we have been very clear with the Board. I think I said it. We consider that this might be an opportunity to accelerate the transition by accessing to some countercyclical businesses. I said in my speech you have to be patient. So I think we have demonstrated in the last 6, 7 years that we were able to capture these type of opportunities.

Obviously, if we move, it will be primarily in either the LNG fields and/or electricity and renewables. Will it be large scale? I'm not a big fan of very large-scale M&A. I think you can also -- the matter is more that it's integration is important. And I think what we have done in the last 7 years, which, I would say, $8 billion, $10 billion like we've done on Maersk Oil or on Mozambique and Anadarko assets, where we are well done. So we'll see. Again, there is nothing specific in our mind, let's be clear. Just the will from the Board to use part of this exceptional cash flows to accelerate our strategy in line with what we said before.

But again, as you know, in that field of renewables in particular, as I said often, there is a big bubble. So patience will be of essence in order to make some -- create value, and it's not a matter of volume for us, it's a matter of value. You've seen that we have announced a first recent deal in the U.S. with Core Solar. There will be more to come in the coming months. Be patient.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Christyan Malek from JPMorgan.

[Christyan Malek, analyst]

Two questions, please. First, regarding the exposure to Russia and the impact of your industrial strategy to grow LNG. Sorry, maybe stay sensitive in a worst case scenario where you have to allow it altogether. Could you frame the impact to sort of just think, just qualitatively, the ability to grow your energy business? And what would be the second and third order impacts in your transition in light of this being a very important cash machine as well as an enabler to deliver more renewables? And for example, would you need to raise more investments elsewhere?

The second question, and I sort of realize the way you framed some energy triangle of access, climate security, Patrick. It's interesting you can frame oil and gas investment as a key enabler in order to deliver on the other 2 and in a similar conclusion we came to in our energy study. But it does seem these 3 variables have different weightings depending on the stakeholders involved. So assuming there is a super cycle that takes hold you in the decade, should we expect you to raise CapEx in oil in order to take advantage and underwrite, obviously, the diversification across energy in the other parts of your business?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Okay. The first one, let's be clear. Russia exposure today to LNG, in fact, in our portfolio, is Yamal LNG. Full point. Arctic LNG 2, as we said, will be difficult to believe that it can be built with the sanctions, and we do not -- we will not provide more capital to this project. So Yamal is, in fact, we have 20% of Yamal LNG, which represents around 4 million, 5 million tons of LNG in our portfolio. Can we find other opportunities to replace these volumes? I think the answer is quite clear, yes. And we have already in our portfolio some assets to be developed. We just accelerated with our partners, Cameron LNG.

We have PNG, we have Mozambique, and we'll be patient. We will have maybe in 2 weeks, some other news to explain you how we will replace and ensure the growth for LNG in our portfolio. So I don't expect a direction and disruption of our growth profile in LNG, even if we will add to fully exit Russia, which is not today, but which is a possible scenario. The impact on our -- I would say on the volume part, the impact will come fundamentally more on the gas ratio as we will lose the Novatek gas production. But as you know, it's not a lot of value.

And so having said that, it's not -- when I speak about our transition strategy, it's fundamentally based on LNG more than on domestic gas and that has always been very clear in our strategy. The energy triangles. I think let's be clear, it's a triangle and the -- I think, a lot of European political leaders will discover it. The climate is fundamental. We know all that. It's a question of, I would say, survival for the planet according to the scientist. So there is no way to forget this one, and we are very clear.

So it will not change fundamentally. It's not because suddenly we have a surge of oil and gas prices that will change our strategy. The strategy is fundamentally linked to a long-term energy market evolution, which is that if we want to decarbonize, electricity is fundamental as well as new molecules. Having said that, it's reinforced our views as well that on the next decade, 2020-2030, we never -- we have announced that we will continue to have a sort of stable oil production. To make it stable, as you know, with a decline of 3% to 5%, 4% per year, you need to invest. So -- and we did not -- we announced to invest in oil, look what we've done in Brazil. And by the way, we will benefit immediately from '22 from this increase of price of oil in Brazil.

We are starting [ M1. ] We include in our portfolio, Sépia and Atapu. It will represent in the fourth quarter, 60,000 barrels per day of additional oil. And with the fiscal terms of Brazil, it will be beneficial to the company. We have also launched the Uganda project. So I mean -- and we are looking -- as you know as well, we have signed a deal in Iraq last year, which is financed with gas and renewable and oil.

So we will continue to look for all opportunities in order -- because to maintain again on 10 years a decline of 3%, 4%, you need to find ideas. I'm very pleased as the CEO of the company, that our exploration teams are going back on the road map of success with Suriname and now with Namibia. Namibia, we need to -- it's a promising discovery. I say promising because it's only one well. I've seen incredible numbers of newspapers. We need to drill the appraisal. We've decided to accelerate the appraisal well August, September and to test. And then we will be able to communicate larger.

But if we are able to generate by ourselves all these oil discoveries, let's be clear, it's part of the strategy, and we will develop them and it's in line with what we have announced. So [ oil ] CapEx increase, it's linked to not -- it's -- no, my answer is no, but they're again linked to opportunities we will find.

[Christyan Malek, analyst]

Just to be clear, Patrick, you're not going to raise [ oil ] CapEx beyond what you planned. I just want to make sure I understand. It's essentially part of the budget, but there's no plan to raise it...

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

[ Oil ] CapEx represent -- 50% of the CapEx, if I understand, if I remember correctly, and I think it's the right measure. Because there is one point in which we need to be super vigilant, and I will be vigilant is a risk of inflation. And I don't want to enter into the mistakes we have done on the previous super cycles where inflation costs rise and because any barrels might be profitable, we'll begin to drill anything. So let's focus on short-cycle projects and let's continue to focus on our strategy for oil, which is accessing to low-cost barrels. And I think we have been -- there are opportunities. And if these opportunities are there, we'll seize them.

At the same time, as I said in my speech, it's also an opportunity for us to clean the portfolio -- oil portfolio with the remaining high-cost barrels and I would say high emitting barrels that we have in mature fields in the portfolio. When you have counter-cycle, you have to be countercyclical in both ways, selling when the price is high and buying when the price is low.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Oswald Clint from Bernstein.

[Oswald Clint, analyst]

Just 2 as well, please. Firstly, just on LNG again. As I think about Cameron LNG, obviously, we know it's one of the cheapest built plants in the last decade. So you're going into feed. You're going to engage with the EPC contractors. There's going to be a scramble for LNG. You spoke just about inflation in the last cycle. So is there a rough sort of unit CapEx number you're thinking about here for this project? But also the feedstock assumptions, clearly, Henry Hub is a lot higher than it has been over the last 5 or 6 years. So any description you could talk would actually be interesting.

And then Secondly, we're waiting for a peace in Ukraine, but it feels like the ceasefire in Yemen is actually holding up here. I know you've protected the plant pretty well in the last 7 years during that particular war. But is there a probability you could place on a scenario where that plant Yamal LNG starts up in the next 12 to 24 months?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Thank you, Oswald, for the second question. I forget it in my speech because I know we have been long to wait for the ceasefire in Yemen, and we are not part at all of its political discussions and difficult discussions. But obviously, the plant is preserved, let's be clear. I remember -- I remind you, a 7 million-ton plant. According to our assumptions, it could take 6 months to restart the plant, to remobilize and to have a full plant for 6 months. So these 7 million tons might be available quite quickly if, again, but it's conditional to the ceasefire. But it's one of the options.

By the way, when we lost it, I remind you that the cash flow per year of Yemen for TotalEnergies was around $1 billion when we lost it in year 2015. And so it was very material, and it could replace easily part of the cash flows from Russia. So that's, I think, one of the advantage, we have a very large portfolio up and down, but let's see.

Cameron LNG cost advantage. Now fundamentally, yes, it's an interesting project and it's because it's a brownfield project, there is no logistics at all, no JV, no additional storage tanks. It's -- we have -- everything is there. It's a matter of building a new train. I would say yes, of course, today, there are more -- on LNG in the U.S., there are more, I would say, projects. So we might have some inflation. But fundamentally -- the fundamentals are good. And we also, by the way, will debottleneck the first 3 trains, so we have an additional advantage in terms of profitability.

So this is a very high -- it's a good, very good profitable project. In terms of your second question, it's quite interesting. And in fact, it's back to integration for me. And you know we have this production in the Barnett shale, and I'm happy to have this production in Barnett shale of Shell gas because it's a way to cover part of the gas that we transform in the LNG plants, even if it's not the same molecules, but economically, it work. And obviously, I think I've always been convinced that this integration is strategy. So it might be -- maybe not today because the price is high. But on the medium term, I would say that the strategy where the more we develop in LNG in the U.S., the more we'll produce, we'll have to find access to asset gas in the gas shale.

Gas in the U.S. will be part of the strategy in order to economically integrate this LNG chain. So it's an answer to your question. I don't give you the assumption, I just give you the way to cope with this, I would say, volatility of the gas price in the U.S.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Michele Della Vigna from Goldman Sachs.

[Michele Della Vigna, analyst]

Patrick, Jean-Pierre, and really, congratulations. I wanted to ask 2 questions on your view on future returns in some of the renewable investments. Because we're seeing strong conflicting forces. On one side, tremendous cost inflation, in some cases, up to 30%. But on the other side, we're seeing higher power prices and also much higher volatility. And I was wondering, compared with your view 1 year ago, do you see higher or lower return investment opportunities in that space? And has this changed your view of what's the right balance between PPAs and merchant on power? And then staying on low carbon, hydrogen is really at the forefront of repower EU major upgrade to 2030 target. Huge support. But I was wondering, is this really coming through a more attractive set of incentives? And do you see large-scale green hydrogen development in Europe actually showing improved profitability and support for the coming years?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

So first question, I think we -- it's an excellent question. I think during the March 24 presentation, we told you that, yes, we have the view that the price -- power prices are going on, I would say, higher trends structurally because of intermittency, because of storage, because of all the system to ensure firm power is more costly, and it's not only a question of cost inflation of renewables. And this is why we have taken the decision that -- I don't know if it's, I would say, rough idea, but we want to keep 30% of renewable assets open to the market to ensure the risk of volatility.

Our balance sheet can support it. I think it can make the difference with others. And by the way, also, it's a way to enhance potentially the profitability of these assets on the long term. So for me, it's clear and this is, I would say, compared to what we said a few years ago, where we are entering in that field with the idea we need to secure. No, we are more -- we are -- we have a better understanding. Of course, this needs some integration along the value chain. And renewable is only a production mean. Then it's a matter if you want to make value on such a commodity, you need to be able to store and you need to be able to trade, you need to be able to supply and like in all these commodities business.

So today, it doesn't give more -- for me, it's not a bad news, this inflation, because it will cool down a little -- some of the -- some players who are really in the tenders going to very, very low price that we are not on our side participating. We have not been successful, for example, in all the tenders in the Middle East, except one in Qatar. But the rest is we have not been successful because for us, everybody was anticipating deflation, thanks to the new technology. It's a world where you input in your model, you anticipate. Today, you have inflation. So my view is that it will -- it's better. It's coming down this business.

And so I'm optimistic about the policy to have good returns. And again, we continue to sanction projects, as we said to you, more than ROE of 10%, including by the fact that we might consider keeping and not only selling down some assets when they are quite good, and we have some in mind.

Hydrogen in Europe, I will tell you, green hydrogen, my view is that it's -- I'm not fully convinced that it is in Europe, but you'll have to produce green hydrogen. For the time being, the incentives are not so high. There are some projects, but a little bit of scale.

It's -- we have one project that we will develop, which we have doubled the size, around 150 megawatts, but it's still small. If you really want to drive the green hydrogen price done, you need to invest at a very large scale. There again, be patient, we will announce soon a project in that field at a large scale. It will not be in Europe because fundamentally, we think that green hydrogen is a matter of cost of electricity. And so we are looking to where we could locate very large-scale. We have a very low cost of electricity on the long term in order to engage into this business.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Lydia Rainforth from Barclays.

[Lydia Rainforth, analyst]

Two questions, if I could. The first one, Patrick, can you just talk us through the thinking of the Board in terms of the share repurchase level and how that changed versus February? And just any thoughts around sort of what happens for the second half? And then secondly, on Russia and the impairment, is that the start of a retreat from Russia? And effectively, what would it take now in terms of Yamal to say actually this isn't working for Total anymore? And then also, one final one, if I could. Just a comment on the diesel market, just given that it's how tight those markets seem to be, and we've seen tracked move up very quickly.

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Well, first, the share buyback, I will tell you, it's -- there is no surprise to you. It does no surprise. We -- you should just believe what we said. We said that we will share the higher price -- the benefits from higher hydrocarbon prices with the shareholders through buybacks. So it's clear that when you have a cash flow from operations of $11.6 billion, it's much higher and you can compare to what we've done in the fourth quarter, which was $9 billion. So obviously, when we said the $2 billion buyback level for first half, it was not done on an assumption of $11.6 billion. So you have $1 billion, it was not a mathematical exercise by the Board towards more the ID. And you can just remark that it's post calculation. It was nothing like that discussion.

But $1 billion is 40% of additional $2.5 billion of cash flow compared to Q4 cash flow, but just to -- so I think that's logic. And we will continue to monitor that quarter after quarter at the board level. And we'll not make a big announcement. I think it's also a matter to manage all the stakeholders on that matter. And again, but at the same time, the Board is consistent and reaffirm its strategy to accelerate, if possible, the strategy of transition of the company as a priority.

On the gradual suspension. I think something is wrong, it was sometimes on Russia. I never think -- we never stated we will stay in Russia. We just not stated that we will exit from Russia, which is a little different. And there are the many reasons that we explained in our principle of concepts of March 22. So we are looking step after step about what the sanction might be. We are, the sanctions are. We try to even -- and we take the conclusions on Arctic 2, but obviously and other assets. You have your suspension. By the way, you know it's that we have other activities. For example, we have in Russia a lubricant activity. It's not a big business, but we have a lack of additives. So we are suspending and not only suspending, yes, production will be stopped and our activity in lubricant, for example, will be stopped by the end of this month. That's another example in suspension.

And we have other assets that we are looking around. On Novatek and Yamal, our position is clear. We have some contracts. We don't know these contracts. These contracts represent a huge amount of money. The volume of the 20 LNG contract is huge. And so we'll have to honor the contract as long as sanctions allow us to do it. And if it's not possible, we'll take the actions as well.

So again, you have to -- the Board of Directors of TotalEnergies has decided to face the Russian situation in a responsible way. And in particular, to try to protect as much as we can the value of our assets for our shareholders' interest. And so we are monitoring that, but you can observe that we have no board as well had no, I would say, hesitation to say we need to make this impairment, we make the impairment according to what is happening.

This year [ quite celebrity ] outlook for diesel. Yes, it's clear, it's huge. I was looking this morning, I think we are about $200 per ton, I think. So I've never seen such a diesel crack. It's clear that sanctions on Russia for petroleum products will obviously impact this market, because Europe is relying on Russian diesel, we import from Russian diesel. Because the European refining system is more designed for gasoline than diesel. It's not new, it was before. So obviously, the market is anticipating such a ban.

For our activity and for refining businesses, of course, it's even more important that our refineries in Europe are all running. It will be the case very soon. We had unfortunately -- those were stopped, but now it's coming back on stream after 1.5 year of voluntary stoppage. It's restart. So all our refineries will be run at full capacity for the second quarter very soon. So that's positive for the company.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Christopher Kuplent from Bank of America.

[Christopher Kuplent, analyst]

Two quick questions for me as well, Patrick. Can you go a little bit more into detail and tell us what the missing parts are that are delaying Arctic 2? And your assessment of how long it would take to source these parts circumventing sanctions that are now imposed? And the second question is a bit of a wider question. You used $70 Brent and $20 for your gas price assumption when you gave us a 2022 cash flow outlook earlier this year. And it looks like the $20 per Mbtu, at least it looks like that to me, has now become more of a floor than anything else, whereas at the time you said that might be a little bullish here relative to $70 Brent. Can you give us a little summary of your assessment following your introductory remarks around the price of energy security, particularly gas security that Europe, you think, will have to pay in order to redirect volumes over the coming years as contracts with Gazprom expire?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

On Arctic LNG 2, the situation is the following one. In fact, there is a list of LNG technologies and critical elements, which have been put on the list. I think Technip and other contractors are looking for all this list to identify which critical elements might miss. These sanctions will be in place from May 27. So in the meantime, I think Novatek is mobilizing with its contractors in order to be able to get as much as equipment they can and transferring the teams if they can in order to achieve, I would say, the first GBS one, if possible. We'll see what it is, if they can do that. I think it's a question more for Novatek and for the contractors, which are involved in these activity, in particular, Technip Energy and [ Becquer USG ].

On our side, we have decided to take, I would say, a cautious approach in our accounts and to impair the value of Arctic 2. On the economic assumptions, I think I'm not fully convinced that $20 per million BTU will remain. Because this $20 -- because at the end, it's a question of competition between Europe and other markets. And what I have noticed in particular in this first quarter is that the demand for LNG from China has diminished quite a lot, around 10%, even more than 10%. And only linked to these high prices. So there is, I think, on the LNG business, we must be careful because I see quite a big risk of demand restructuring, in particular, on the Asian side.

You know where the demand is coming from, fundamentally. So there was an exceptional situation. I would not take $20 as a floor for the long term in our economic macro assumptions. We are more around $8 to $10 per million BTU, but maybe I'm too cautious. For this year, it's quite clear that, yes, there is a good chance that we might end the range of the year by around $20 if we -- and in particular, if Russia begins to stop themselves on their side to provide gas through pipeline, that means that in order to refill the gas storage for next winter, LNG will continue to have to flow through Europe. So LNG prices will probably -- is competing against with other parts of the world. And we'll see, and it's a good test for me what will happen this summer because remember, last year, it was during summertime, but the Asian gas went to the roof, because of the strong demand for climatization and also linked to the economic recovery.

So I don't know what is exactly the situation today in China. There are a lot of uncertainties around these lockdowns linked to COVID. We are a little surprised. I think today in western side. But we'll see if China is coming back into the market because they need gas like last year. Of course, the price will not go down, it will remain quite high. On the longer term, you have to be careful, because high gas of LNG is not only destroying demand in Asia, but might be really, I would say, might slow down, will slow down, in my view, the use of gas in Europe. And because it could accelerate the manufacturing industry in Europe, which was benefiting somewhere from the Russian gas, which was a low-cost gas, we'll not be able to resist if we provide that gas the $20 per million BTU. It's not possible.

So that means that I think that some industries will begin to accelerate to electrify their supply in order to try to get a cheaper energy with long-term contracts. So I think -- I don't see how we could keep such $20 for the long term because the demand will -- the customers will not take this type of prices. So it's why outlook for projects, we use more -- we have given internal instruction to use $8, $10. But again, by the way, it's enough to relaunch to, I would say, to some North Sea gas projects, which at $5 where stock was trended at $8, $10 profitability. We have a good example in our portfolio about the 0.9 blowdown gas cap, which is a 1 TCF gas, which was stranded, and which today is coming -- is revived. So I have asked the teams to look to these projects, so we could make it pretty onstream. So -- but we don't need $20 for this type of opportunity. So that's my answer to your nice question, please.

[Christopher Kuplent, analyst]

Very clear, Patrick. I think $8 to $10 is already, as you say, enough and would simply be a very important message to recap all gas prices to Brent equivalent levels.

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

I fully agree. And by the way, in our commercial part of LNG sales, we have given instruction to our LNG people not to try to go back to the famous 16%, but to be reasonable because for me, today, the priority is to maintain a demand, and it's an opportunity for us to sign long-term contracts. But of course, offering long-term acceptable prices, affordable prices. It could help, by the way, to launch additional LNG projects with these type of contracts.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Bertrand Hodee from Kepler Cheuvreux.

[Bertrand Hodee, analyst]

Yes, congratulations again for this very strong set of results as well as your transparencies on the Russia contribution this quarter. Two questions, if I may. So the first one is related to Namibia. There are external industry report that suggests that your Venus discovery could potentially exceed 10 billion of recoverable oil reserves, making it the largest ever deep offshore discovery. I know it is early stage and you referred to it in your earlier remarks, but can you elaborate a bit more on this potential massive find and share with us your initial thoughts on this discovery and any color on a potential fast track development? That was the first question. And second question on Russia, do you expect any dividend from Novatek in 2022?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

The first question I already answered. And do you believe in -- stop reading newspapers. Just listen to me, it's better. I think you see in your -- is long history in the oil and gas industry, 1 well discovering 10 billion. I don't think it exists. But no, let's be serious about all that. It's -- all that are fantasy. The reason -- as I say, it's a promising discovery. Let's drill the appraisal well, let's test the 2 wells and then we will come. And when will I -- if really we had such levels, which I don't think, we'll be happy, and you will be happy shareholders. So -- but again, I think, by the way, this figure is more referring to the Namibia province rather than just our license.

But again, I don't want -- don't -- and trend me. Let's wait. It's a promising discovery. It's enough. Russia dividend, Novatek has improved. I think general assembly shareholders has approved dividend last week. We are shareholders. So these dividends are -- will be available. I don't know when in ruble somewhere. Could we, yes or not, transfer them to TotalEnergies? That's another question, which depends not only on us, but on all the counter sanctions from Russia.

And so like the European sanctions, which are moving targets, the counter sanctions are also moving ones. So we will, by the way, honestly, it's not so big. It represents, I think, $250 million for TotalEnergies. So again, this is not what will change. Look the picture of TotalEnergies, it's why we are very transparent. But I don't know if we'll have access, or we'll keep the ruble somewhere in an account in Russia.

[Bertrand Hodee, analyst]

Maybe I can -- if I can squeeze one more on your impairment in Russia. You disclosed the book value of Arctic 2 was $2.5 billion. Can you help me reconcile this figure with the $4.1 billion impairment you took in Q1?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

No. You have the information, which was transferred to you. We said notably. And I think if you look to the slide, which was distributed in March 24, you could find along the answer.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Alastair Syme from Citi.

[Alastair Syme, analyst]

Patrick, Jean-Pierre, a couple of questions just on sort of state of markets and negotiations. So you've already touched on U.S. LNG. I'm just intrigued to know whether economics are changing. It used to be sort of Henry Hub [ plus ipi ]. Clearly, LNG developers see the same opportunity as you do out here. So just wondering if those negotiations are getting tougher? And then secondly, could you just sort of explain how the market for acquisitions in renewables works? I mean, you touched on the Core Solar deal. I'm just trying to understand if that's a competitive option and sort of how competitive these options are?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

As you know, for the second question, I'd be clear, Core Solar was a deal which was a direct negotiation. And I have a very strong view on this market, and I say to our team, stop looking and stop spending your time or losing your time on competitive opportunities because you are always in front of you, I would say, financial investors, which is obviously do not have at all the same views on these type of assets. So they have money with negative return. So they are accepting retail which are too low. We are not in that field. So the only way for us to continue to build the portfolio, but the Core Solar is an excellent example is to have a direct negotiation and to be able to convince, I would say, the promoter that partnering with TotalEnergies will give you more added value.

And so that's why we compete. We have over I would say, opportunities in our portfolio in which we work. And there again, be patient, will really understand what I just said in the coming weeks on which we work in different countries.

On the first one, I don't know which opportunities you are thinking to. If it is a matter of taking, no. So your question is a little mysterious for me because -- so if you have maybe something in mind. But on the contrary, I would say, on the Cameron Energy, it helped to accelerate, I would say, the decision process with all Chinese -- Japanese partners. On this step as difficult, it's more of a -- there is no fundo. I don't know to which opportunity you refer, which might be impacted by the energy economy is changing.

[Alastair Syme, analyst]

Well, I mean sort of deals on the U.S. Gulf Coast or Mexico, indeed, is it still sort of basically Henry Hub plus the fees? Are you still inherently taking Henry Hub price risk?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Yes, yes, it's linked to Henry Hub. Yes. If it is your question, the answer is yes.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Peter Low from Redburn.

[Peter Low, analyst]

The first question was just a clarification on the cash flow from Russia in 1Q that, I guess, relates to Yamal. Can you confirm that, that has been repatriated from Russia? I appreciate it can change, but just to understand the current situation. And then secondly, you talked about your willingness to explore countercyclical opportunities to accelerate the transformation. Can you clarify, would that be outside the $13 billion to $15 billion net investment range you have previously given to 2025? Or would you stick with that range and try to make disposals alongside any larger acquisitions you are to make?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

On the first one, it's clear, in fact, you have the figure. Most of the cash we received this year is linked to Yamal LNG. So it's the access in Yamal, no?

[Jean-Pierre Sbraire, executive]

Yes. Yes. Yes, she is getting back to TotalEnergies. So the figures we gave, we have -- I have that in my desk.

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

So it's yes. If we get the cash -- yes. By the way, the war only was declared in the second part of the quarter. But the -- it's Yamal cash system works until now. The second question, the range is valid for '22 $14 billion, $15 billion. We said $14 billion, $15 billion. So the answer to your question is yes, in fact. If we accelerate on one side, we might divest on the other side, because, again, we have -- yes, the answer is yes.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Biraj Borkhataria from RBC.

[Biraj Borkhataria, analyst]

I have 2 questions, please. The first one is on the Cameron LNG and the debottlenecking there for the existing trains. Do you have an idea of what time line that debottlenecking is supposed to be delivered on? And then the second question is just on Mozambique LNG. Do you have an update on activities there when you expect to restart and a view on start-up and construction there?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Thank you, Biraj. The plan is to make you feel busy, to sanction next year in '23. So it takes 3 years to build the train, so '26 from Cameron LNG and the new train. Mozambique LNG, maybe not you, but some others of your colleagues asked me the question on March 24. There are not a lot of news between March 24 and today. So as I said, there is an activity on the ground, not from us, but from the government of Mozambique and [indiscernible] to recover the security. And then to bring back as a population in piece to have a normal life. These are the 2 conditions we agreed with the Mozambique government.

My view is that all that will take at least 2022 and then what we plan on our side is to go back there. And as I said last time, we will restart all the activity the day that I will myself be able to visit Afungi, Palma and Mocimboa da Praia because if my security people told me not to go, I will not send any of my people or contractors to face a difficult situation. So I think it's a matter of -- as I said before, there is good news on the ground and the security has much improved, and there are less -- much less, I would say, attack. It's not yet fully recovered.

I think the government of Mozambique communicated that they -- their objective is to recover the security by June without the year. But then we want -- we don't want to restart our activity surrounded by refugee camps. We want the situation to be stabilized, because peace is going as well with, I would say, the stabilization of the local population and economic activities, on which we contribute, by the way, with others to -- but there are a number of positive signs for the people who are going. And some of my senior officers went there and so I've got some reports. But it's a question of patience.

And then once we will consider that the situation is really under control, peace is back, we'll be able to remobilize and we know that it will take us more than 6 months to come back to, I would say, a stabilized construction level. So the opportunity there, the progress are well, but it's not in our hand. It depends again on the actions of the Mozambique government and its allies.

[Biraj Borkhataria, analyst]

On the first question, the question I was asking was for the 5% increase in the debottlenecking for the first 3 trains at Cameron LNG. What time line do you expect to deliver that one?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

I think it's -- technically, it's linked to the building of the trains. I mean we will -- it's '25. I think '25 is the third debottlenecking. '25 for the first one. Sorry, I didn't catch it. But it was the first debottlenecking for the first, 2025 and each train will come.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Henri Patricot from UBS.

[Henri Patricot, analyst]

One question on trading and a couple on Downstream. The first one on trading, so very strong performance in the first quarter. We continue to see significant volatility in the second quarter. So I was wondering to what extent you think you can replicate the very strong performance in the first quarter -- of the first quarter and the second quarter in both -- of gas LNG trading and the RC trading? And then secondly, you talked earlier about the risk of demand destruction for gas. And it was interesting to draw your views on the risk for oil demand at the current level of prices that we're seeing and whether you're starting to see some weaker demand in your own network? And then finally, can you give us an update on the impact of the discounts of the pump and whether you would expect these to be extended?

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Yes. When we say it's exceptional, it's exceptional. That means that, of course, our traders are willing to do it regularly, that they are motivated directly and personally for that. But I would say, on the oil trading, it was this quarter was as exceptional more or less on the decision put on 2020 volatility. And so again, this type of additional, when we -- I mentioned, let's say, $500 million extra cash is linked fundamentally to a specific situation of volatility of the market when they are in the right sense. So it's okay.

For the gas, what I observe is that obviously, it's the second quarter in a row. But we have a strong results. This volatility is there. And I think it's a matter also for our teams to -- we see better position, in particular on the LNG and that gave us an advantage to be able to, I would say, get some good -- strong results. So let's see if they can replicate it. I just want also to mention that we are also benefiting from good and strong electricity trading. And it's also the second quarter in the row.

So I think the reality is that, I would say, performance of trading is generally linked to volatility of the market. They like volatility. Of course, it's a matter to have a good analysis of what is the market trends because it could reverse. So I will touch wood, but that's what we observed.

On the demand disruption for -- no, I think all is a little different, by the way. Honestly, in our network today, no, we have seen an impact because the COVID. Still, in the first quarter, I remind you that even in Europe, there was some COVID measures and like in Asia today in China. So we don't -- I cannot link oil demand to oil price today. I cannot -- we do not see that -- and I've seen -- I read some statistics on the month of April, where there is no real recovery impact. I cannot tell you that.

So it seems that we come back to the levels of 2019 with a small plus. But so we don't observe it even if it's not really in Europe, but the impact might be strong when we remember the super cycle, it was more in emerging countries where the government has to subsidize. And of course, everything is expensive, and so we begin to take actions in order to be more efficient into my efficiency. So it's not exactly like gas. I was -- my remark was more on LNG because LNG is competing with coal. So now it's a relative price of LNG to coal when LNG is very expensive. I'm afraid that some Asian countries will come back to coal quite easily, and which is not good for climate, but that's what will happen. On all the alternative is not so obvious. It's a liquid. And so you don't know because oil is not for electricity, oil is for transportation.

So we don't have much -- the impact on oil demand might come from the economic growth. That means this war, unfortunately, begins to really have some impact on some supply chains. And then we begin -- and I'm not an micro expert, whether I'm reading the papers from AMF and some central banks, they begin to speak about even a growth which might be either low or negative. So you have a direct link between, I would say, oil demand and macroeconomic environment.

The discount on pump. I think it's -- for me, we have taken some decisions on this one to be voluntary to make the voluntary discount, because we think it's important, and I think it's normal that we take care of our customers, and it's a period where it's a matter of solidarity. We have, as you've seen, a very exceptional results. And frankly, I prefer and it's a discussion with good intelligence with the French government, which prefers us to act by taking actions directly with our customers. We've done it for gas. We'll do it for gasoline, rather a full taxes, and I perfectly agree with this philosophy.

So probably, yes, we will take some initiatives for the summer where people are driving a lot. There is an idea around discount on motorways, but we need to elaborate on this one before to announce it. So I think it's part of, I would say -- again, it's a good way to share part of our profits directly with our customers.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Martijn Rats from Morgan Stanley.

[Martijn Rats, analyst]

All my questions have been answered. It's been very comprehensive.

[Operator]

Next question comes from the line of Jason Gabelman from Cowen.

[Jason Gabelman, analyst]

Two quick ones, because I agree, the call has been quite comprehensive. The first on the Brazil payments for Sépia and Atapu. Are there any payments left after whatever you disclosed for 1Q? Because it looks, at least on our numbers a bit light, and I'm not sure if there's any additional payments coming for those PSCs for the rest of the year beyond what was booked for 1Q. And then secondly, I was wondering if you have any update on your views on when the Qatar LNG project when they can award those contracts. It seems like this is about as good as an environment as we'll get to fully sanction the project. So any update there would be helpful.

[Patrick Pouyanné, executive]

Yes, it will be helpful for me as well. But I will let the Qatari authorities communicating on that. It's a competitive process. We are part, of course, of the parties. I led the Qatari authorities communicating there leading the process, and we are a long partner with them. So of course, we are a [ adamant ] to be able to contribute to these projects. On the first one, your question is the right question, because we are -- right, it's true that the bonus there is a earn-out I think, linked to the oil price, but it's not, I would say -- I don't think it will be paid very immediately. It's on a yearly basis and some years, the mechanism can be described to you by our teams, if you want the details.

But -- so today, yes, we have paid, in fact, yesterday. In fact, all the initial bonuses, which were representing something like $2.5 billion, I think, has been paid. So the treasury of Jean-Pierre has been lowered yesterday, but it was -- he was worried to have too much money. It was worried to have too much money and so all that has been done because there was, on the one side, the bonus to the state, and I would say the compensation to Petrobras, which was paid yesterday.

So in our cash flows, I think you had in the first quarter the bonus to the state and the compensation has been -- yet first, the main part of the compensation to Petrobras was paid yesterday. And then on this part, there are some earn-outs linked to the oil price, but which are coming, I think, by not before beginning of next year because it's a yearly mechanism, if I remember well, which is triggering at $70 per barrel, if I remember the contract.

So for this year, I think everything has been paid and then we'll enjoy to get some production flowing 30,000 barrel per day, more or less at an average in second quarter, growing to 60,000 by the end of the year additional production. If it remains at $100 per barrel, it's positive for investments in terms of profitability.

So I understand there are no more questions. And so I would like to thank you all of you for attending this meeting, and we'll be happy to have -- we've been happy to answer to all your questions. Obviously, we benefit from very strong environment, but I'm really -- as Chairman and CEO, I'm very pleased that all the teams of TotalEnergies have been able in all the segments to capture this upside. Production was good, 2.85, higher than your consensus, so congratulations to the [ NP ] teams. GRP, I think iGRP trading arms have performed again very well, and the result is even beating record compared to the fourth quarter.

On Refining & Chemicals, they come back from red to green in Europe. And I think there is more to come with the diesel crack and all refinery running the second quarter will be probably better than the first one and marketing and services is stable. But business is suffering a little, of course, from all the upstream chain because when margins are strong and refining and prices are high, the margins become to be squeezed on the marketing and services, but we have high-quality assets.

And so I think that our second quarter should be more or less in the same view in the same or even a little better that what we just down. And as you have noticed, the Board of TotalEnergies is fully committed to continue to enhance the returns to shareholders as well as to implement our growth strategy in our transformation of the company. Thank you.

[Jean-Pierre Sbraire, executive]

Thank you.

[Operator]

That does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for participating. You may all disconnect.