Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corp

NYSE:WAB

Earnings Call Analysis

Wabtec Reports Solid Growth, Positive Outlook

Wabtec Corporation delivered robust results with sales of $2.5 billion, marking a 9.5% increase from the previous year, driven by growth in the Freight and Transit segments and resulting in an 18.5% rise in adjusted earnings per share. The company's strong financial footing was demonstrated by a 10% growth in the 12-month backlog to $7.5 billion, an 18% dividend increase, and a $1 billion share buyback authorization. GAAP operating income soared 36.5% to $86 million. Looking ahead, Wabtec expects sales to reach $10.2 billion for 2024, a 5% growth over the last year, with adjusted EPS anticipated to climb about 13% to $6.70 per share.

Freight Segment Powers Strong Performance and Robust Backlog

The company has demonstrated solid growth in its Freight segment, with a notable 7.7% increase in sales during the quarter. The Freight segment's GAAP operating income reached $246 million, translating to a 13.7% operating margin — up 1.2 percentage points from the prior year. The segment’s adjusted operating margin showed an even stronger performance, climbing by 2.3 percentage points to 19.3%, owed significantly to higher gross margins driven by increased sales, favorable pricing, and improved productivity. Furthermore, the 12-month backlog has also increased to $5.45 billion, marking an 11.2% year-over-year increase, suggesting that the segment has a promising horizon into 2024 and beyond, although the longer-term multiyear backlog slightly decreased by 4.3% to $17.83 billion.

Transit Segment Growth with Positive Outlook

The Transit segment reported a robust 14.3% surge in sales, totaling $728 million, reflecting its upward trajectory even when adjusted for foreign exchange impacts, with a 9.9% rise. The GAAP operating income jumped by an impressive 36.5% to $86 million. Restructuring efforts are continuing to bear fruit, with the adjusted operating income increasing by 13.7% and a slight 0.1 percentage point bump in the operating margin, now at 14.9%, chiefly due to volume growth and savings from the Integration 2.0 initiative. The 12-month backlog in the Transit segment added another positive note, showing an 8.0% increase compared to the previous year and indicating strong demand moving forward.

Encouraging Financial Guidance for 2024

Looking ahead, the company has set an optimistic tone with a financial guidance that projects sales to surpass $10.2 billion, a growth rate of over 5% from the last year. The outlook on earnings is equally promising, with an anticipated adjusted EPS at the midpoint of $6.70 per share, which would represent a roughly 13% jump from the prior year’s earnings. Additionally, the company's cash flow conversion rate is expected to exceed 90%, indicating efficient profitability from operations and investments. These projections underscore a strong operational and financial base as the company moves into 2024, continuing to deliver value to its shareholders.

Earnings Call Transcript 2023-Q4

[Operator]

Good day, and welcome to the Wabtec Fourth Quarter and Year-End 2023 Earnings Conference Call and Webcast. [Operator Instructions] Please note, today's event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Kristine Kubacki, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

[Kristine Kubacki, executive]

Thank you, operator. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to Wabtec's Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. With us today are President and CEO, Rafael Santana; CFO, John Olin; and Senior Vice President of Finance, John Mastalerz. Today's slide presentation, along with our earnings release and financial disclosures, were posted to our website earlier today and can be accessed on Investor Relations tab on wabteccorp.com.

Some statements we're making are forward-looking and based on our best view of the world and our business today. For more detailed risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our forward-looking statements, please see the disclosures in our earnings release and presentation. We will also discuss non-GAAP financial metrics and encourage you to read our disclosures and reconciliation tables carefully as you consider these metrics. I will now turn the call over to Rafael.

[Rafael Santana, executive]

Thanks, Kristine, and good morning, everyone. I'll start with an update on our business, my perspectives on the quarter, our progress against our long-term value creation framework, and then John will cover the financials. We delivered a strong year with another solid quarter, as evidenced by robust sales growth, margin expansion and increased earnings and cash flow. We achieved deals despite continued uncertainty in the broader economy and in the North American rail industry.

Sales were $2.5 billion, which was up 9.5% versus prior year. Revenue growth was driven by strong performance from both the Freight and Transit segments. And adjusted EPS was up 18.5% from the year ago quarter, driven by margin expansion across both segments. Total cash flow from operations for the quarter was $686 million, and total year cash flow was $1.2 billion. The 12-month backlog was $7.5 billion, up 10%, signifying continued momentum and visibility across the business into 2024. And total multi-year backlog was $22 billion.

Overall, the Wabtec team delivered a strong year. Looking forward, I'm encouraged by both the underlying momentum across the business and the team's unrelenting focus on delivering for our customers. I believe Wabtec is well positioned to drive profitable growth ahead.

Our financial position remains strong. We continue to execute against our capital allocation framework to maximize shareholder value by investing for future growth and returning cash to shareholders. And as a result of our performance in 2023 and our confidence in the future of the company, our Board of Directors approved an 18% increase in the quarterly dividend and a $1 billion share buyback authorization that replaces our existing program.

Shifting our focus to Slide 5. Let's talk about 2024 and market expectations in more details. While key metrics across our Freight business remain mixed, we continue to be encouraged by the strength of the business, international markets and our robust pipeline of opportunities across geographies. North American carloads were up 2.8% in the quarter, while the active locomotive fleet was down slightly when compared to where the industry exited last year. Yet, we continue to see significant opportunities across the globe in demand for new locomotives, modernizations and digital technologies as our customers invest in solutions that continue to drive reliability, productivity, safety and fuel efficiency.

Looking at the North America railcar build, demand for new railcars showed growth in 2023 at approximately 45,000 cars. The industry outlook for 2024 is for about 38,000 cars to be delivered. Internationally, activity is strong across core markets such as Latin America, Australia, Africa and Kazakhstan. Significant investments to expand and upgrade infrastructure are continuing to support our robust international orders pipeline.

In mining, commodity prices and an aging fleet are supporting activity to refresh and upgrade the truck fleet. Finally, moving to the transit sector. The mega trends of urbanization and decarbonization remain in place, driving the need for clean, safe and efficient transportation solutions around the globe.

Next, let's turn to Slide 6 to discuss a few recent business highlights. In North America, we won a multiyear order for over 200 modernizations from [ CSX ], demonstrating customer demand for a best-in-class solution to improve productivity while driving down fuel usage and emissions. Looking at our mining business, we are seeing continued momentum and visibility. The team signed orders totaling over $300 million in the quarter, which is up double digits versus last year.

In Transit, we won a major order worth over $150 million to supply high-performance brake systems in India. These brake systems will provide improved operating performance, efficiency and safety for a new line of 1,200 electric locomotives. Also, during the quarter, we announced our entrance into the railcar telematics market. Our innovative telematics platform will improve shipment visibility. It will increase on-time performance and expand asset utilization to make shipping freight by rail more competitive.

Finally, during December, we acquired the remaining 50% of our JV in Kazakhstan. This strategic acquisition enhances our manufacturing capability, both globally and in a region poised for continued long-term growth. All of this demonstrates the continued momentum across the business, the team's relentless focus on delivering for our customers and strong pipeline of opportunities we're executing on. Wabtec is well positioned to capture profitable growth with innovative and scalable technologies that address our customers' most pressing needs.

Moving to Slide 7. Before turning it over to John, I want to briefly discuss our ability to deliver strong results through the economic cycle. Over the last 4 years, Wabtec has demonstrated a solid track record of managing through challenging markets and significant disruptions. We believe our favorable end markets, combined with our leading technologies and solutions will enable us to remain resilient and more predictable. Our 12-month backlog of $7.5 billion provides significant visibility and support for growth. The 12-month backlog has consistently grown over the past 4 years despite a challenging North American rail market and a volatile macro economy. And finally, we have consistently demonstrated our ability to execute our strategies, generate strong cash flow, deliver growth and create value through disciplined capital allocation.

Our track record of strong operating margin expansion across the business is evidence of our ability to deliver productivity, manage costs and price [ for inflation ]. Our execution combines with the strength of our business, leading products and technologies, which result in Wabtec being resilient through economic cycles, delivering predictable earnings and superior shareholder returns. With that, I'll turn the call over to John to review the quarter segment results and our overall financial performance. John?

[John Olin, executive]

Thanks, Rafael, and hello, everyone. Turning to Slide 8, I will review our fourth quarter results in more detail. We finished the year with another solid quarter of operational and financial performance. Sales for the fourth quarter were $2.53 billion, which reflects a 9.5% increase versus the prior year. Sales were driven by strong growth across both the Freight and Transit segments.

For the quarter, GAAP operating income was $308 million, driven by higher sales, improved gross margin and focused cost management. Adjusted operating margin in Q4 was 17.0%, up 1.7 percentage points versus the prior year. This increase was driven by a higher gross margin of 1.2 percentage points and 0.5 percentage points of lower SG&A and engineering expenses as a percent of sales. GAAP earnings per diluted share were $1.20, which was up 39.5% versus the fourth quarter a year ago.

During the quarter, we had pretax charges of $47 million, of which $19 million was for restructuring, which was primarily related to our Integration 2.0 initiative to further integrate Wabtec's operations and to drive $75 million to $90 million of run rate savings by 2025. In addition, we are exiting some small nonstrategic product lines and related assets, which generated a Q4 charge of $28 million. Finally, in the quarter, our acquisition of the remaining 50% interest in our LKZ assembly joint venture generated a gain of $35 million on our existing ownership interest. I will talk more about our progress on Integration 2.0 and portfolio optimization in more detail in a few minutes. In the quarter, adjusted earnings per diluted share were $1.54, up 18.5% versus prior year. Overall, Wabtec delivered another solid quarter, demonstrating the underlying strength of the business.

Turning to Slide 9. Let's review our product lines in more detail. Fourth quarter consolidated sales were up 9.5%. Equipment sales were down 19.3% from last year as higher mining sales were more than offset by lower locomotive deliveries during the quarter. Recall that second half locomotive deliveries as planned were significantly skewed to the third quarter. Total equipment sales for the year were up a very strong 15.8%.

Component sales were up 17.4% versus last year, largely driven by the higher demand for railcar products along with increased sales from industrial products. Sales also benefited from the acquisition of L&M earlier in the year by $32 million. Digital Intelligence sales were down 6.7% from last year, which was driven by lower revenues in our North American market, partially offset by higher demand for international PTC, next-gen onboard locomotive products and digital mining. Our services sales grew 23.9%. Sales growth was driven by significantly higher modernization deliveries. In contrast to new locomotive sales, our planned second half [ mods ] deliveries were significantly skewed to the fourth quarter. Additionally, parts sales continued to show strength as our customers continue to recognize the superior performance, reliability, efficiency and availability across their Wabtec locomotive fleets.

Across our Transit segment, OE and aftermarket sales increased versus last year. Segment sales were up 14.3% to $728 million behind execution of our growing backlog. The momentum in this segment is strong across our core markets and secular drivers such as urbanization and decarbonization accelerate the need for global investments in sustainable infrastructure.

Moving to Slide 10. GAAP gross margin was 30.3%, which was up 2.0 percentage points from Q4 last year. Adjusted gross profit margin was up 1.2 percentage points, driven by higher sales favorable price mix and foreign currency exchange as well as improved productivity. Our team continues to execute well to mitigate the impact of continued cost pressures by driving operational productivity and lean initiatives.

Now turning to Slide 11. For the fourth quarter, GAAP operating margin was 12.2%, which was up 1.5 percentage points versus last year, while adjusted operating margin improved 1.7 percentage points to 17.0%. GAAP and adjusted SG&A expenses were down as a percentage of revenue as we leverage higher sales with a strong focus on managing costs. Engineering expense was $61 million, about flat with Q4 last year. We continue to invest engineering resources in current business opportunities, but more importantly, we are investing in our future as an industry leader in decarbonization and digital technologies that improve our customers' productivity, capacity utilization and safety.

Now let's take a look at segment results on Slide 12, starting with the Freight segment. As I already discussed, Freight segment sales were up 7.7% during the quarter. GAAP segment operating income was $246 million for an operating margin of 13.7%, up 1.2 percentage points versus last year. GAAP operating income includes $28 million of portfolio optimization costs. Adjusted operating income for the Freight segment was $347 million, up 22.2% versus the prior year.

Adjusted operating margin in the Freight segment was up 2.3 percentage points from the prior year at 19.3%. The increase was driven by significantly higher gross margin, which benefited from higher sales, favorable price mix and improved productivity and absorption. At the same time, SG&A and engineering expenses were lower as a percentage of revenue.

Finally, segment 12-month backlog was $5.45 billion, up 11.2% from the same period a year ago. The multiyear backlog was $17.83 billion, down 4.3% from the prior year. Both our 12-month and multiyear backlogs demonstrate good visibility into 2024 and beyond.

Turning to Slide 13. Transit segment sales were up 14.3% to $728 million. When adjusting for foreign currency, Transit sales were up 9.9%. GAAP operating income was $86 million, up 36.5%. Restructuring costs related to Integration 2.0 activities were $17 million in Q4. Adjusted segment operating income was $108 million, which was up 13.7%. Adjusted operating margin of 14.9% was up 0.1 percentage points from last year, driven by the benefits of volume growth and Integration 2.0 savings. Finally, Transit segment 12-month backlog for the quarter was $2.01 billion, up 8.0% versus a year ago. The multiyear backlog was also up 9.7% to $4.17 billion.

Moving to Slide 14. Over the next 2 slides, I would like to touch on both our progress against our Integration 2.0 initiative as well as provide details on our portfolio optimization. The efforts of both these programs in 2024 will unlock greater profitability and margin expansion across the portfolio.

With regards to Integration 2.0, recall that during our Investor Day in 2022, we announced a restructuring program comprised of estimated onetime expenses between $135 million and $165 million that would yield an incremental $75 million to $90 million of run rate savings by 2025. These savings are to be achieved through a combination of actions, which simplify, streamline and consolidate parts of our operations. With program to date restructuring expenses of $118 million, we achieved $22 million of run rate savings as we exited 2023. We expect savings to ramp more meaningfully in 2024, and we remain on track to meet our 2025 goals.

Now turning to Slide 15. As you are aware, we are very focused on driving improved shareholder value through the addition of strategic bolt-on acquisitions with accretive earnings, margins and return on invested capital. In the second quarter of 2023, we acquired L&M, a business that is very complementary to our heat transfer portfolio and enhances our mining installed base. In the short time that we have owned this business, we are pleased with its performance. And more importantly, we are excited about its future potential for driving long-term profitable growth for Wabtec.

Also, as Rafael stated, late in the fourth quarter, we acquired the remaining 50% stake of our unconsolidated LKZ assembly joint venture in Kazakhstan for $81 million net of cash received. As a result of the transaction, we recorded a $35 million noncash gain in the quarter, which is excluded from adjusted earnings. Going forward, this business will be 100% owned by Wabtec and consolidated in our financial results. We would expect virtually no impact to sales and limited benefit to earnings in 2024.

We're also announcing today the exit of some nonstrategic product lines in 2024. Pruning of these product lines will improve focus and profitability while reducing manufacturing complexity. Sales from these product lines totaled about $110 million of sales in 2023 and represented a lower-than-average margin profile. The expected net exit charges of roughly $85 million are largely noncash, of which we recognized $28 million of noncash charges in our Q4 GAAP results.

Both our progress against our Integration 2.0 initiative and the announced portfolio moves will help position Wabtec to drive multiyear margin expansion. Now let's turn to our financial position on Slide 16. Fourth quarter cash generation was strong at $686 million, resulting in total cash from operations of $1.2 billion versus $1.04 billion in the prior year, an increase of 15.7%. Cash flow benefited from higher earnings and improved working capital.

Our balance sheet and financial position continued to be strong. We ended the quarter with liquidity of $2.12 billion. And our net debt leverage ratio was 1.9x at the end of the fourth quarter, which was favorable versus the prior year's 2.2x debt leverage. During 2023, we invested $308 million on the strategic acquisitions of L&M and the LKZ joint venture and returned $532 million to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. Finally, we improved ROIC during the year by 1.2 percentage points. We continue to allocate capital in a disciplined and balanced way to maximize returns for our shareholders.

Moving to Slide 17, quickly recapping the year. Overall, the team delivered a strong year for all our stakeholders. Despite macro challenges, we drove strong revenue growth expanded our operating margins and generated robust cash flows. The resiliency of the business and strong execution provides us with a solid foundation for profitable growth as we enter 2024. With that, I'd like to turn the call back over to Rafael to provide our 2024 financial guidance.

[Rafael Santana, executive]

Thanks, John. Now let's turn to Slide 18 to discuss our 2024 outlook and guidance. We believe that the underlying customer demand for our products and solutions continues across our business. This is the strongest order pipeline we've had since 2019. Our 12-month and multiyear backlogs as well as our orders pipeline continue to be strong, providing solid visibility for profitable growth ahead. The team is committed to driving top line growth and margin expansion in 2024 despite an uncertain macro environment. With these factors in mind, we expect 2024 sales of $10.2 billion at the midpoint, over 5% growth versus last year and adjusted EPS midpoint of $6.70 per share, up about 13% from last year. We also expect cash flow conversion to be greater than 90%.

Looking ahead, I'm confident that Wabtec is well positioned to drive profitable growth in 2024, which is aligned to our long-term financial [indiscernible]. Now let's wrap up on Slide 19. As you've heard today, our team delivered a solid quarter to finish out a very strong year, thanks in large part to our resilient install base, world [ class ] team, innovative technologies and our continued focus on our customers. These results were in line with our long-term value creation framework. I'd like to take a moment to thank all the employees of Wabtec, whose dedication and focus on execution made these strong results possible. With solid underlying demand across the portfolio, increased visibility through our backlog and intense focus on continuous improvement, Wabtec is well positioned to drive profitable long-term growth and maximize shareholder returns. With that, I want to thank you for your time this morning. I'll turn the call over to Kristine to begin the Q&A portion of our discussion. Kristine?

[Kristine Kubacki, executive]

Thank you, Rafael. We will now move on to questions. But before we do and out of consideration for others on the call, I ask that you limit yourself to 1 question and 1 follow-up question. If you have additional questions, please rejoin the queue. Operator, we're ready for our first question.

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions] Today's first question comes from Justin Long with Stephens.

[Justin Long, analyst]

Thanks, and good morning. So maybe to start with the question on freight margins. If you look at the fourth quarter, we saw a decline relative to the third quarter despite mix looking like it, got better. Equipment sales were down a lot sequentially. Services revenue was up a lot sequentially. So can you talk about what drove that pressure kind of quarter-to-quarter in freight margins and what you're anticipating for the progression of freight margins as we look at the 2024 guide?

[John Olin, executive]

Yes. Justin, this is John. I probably wouldn't characterize it as pressure between the third and the fourth quarter. A lot of that is just seasonality of our overall margin structure. We've talked about the back half margins versus a year ago being the strongest in the back half and even stronger in the fourth quarter, and that's exactly what we saw with the fourth quarter, company margins being up 1.7%. But when we dig down a little bit deeper into that and we look at the Freight segment, they were up 2.3 percentage points. So again, we feel real good about those margins that we did deliver in the fourth quarter in the Freight segment. When we look forward, we've talked about the overall guidance. You've seen the guidance, and we would expect both our Freight and Transit segments to grow revenue as well as margin in 2024.

[Justin Long, analyst]

Okay. Great. That's helpful. And I guess as a follow-up, I know we can see some lumpiness in the business on a quarterly basis because of mix and the timing of deliveries, similar to what we saw in the fourth quarter. So as we think about the 2024 guidance, is there anything you can share on the expected quarterly cadence of revenue and earnings?

[John Olin, executive]

Yes. Let's keep that talking about it in half to half. Again, Justin, any given quarter can be moved pretty much by a handful or 2 of locomotives. So the most important part is that we expect '24 revenue and operating margins to be up versus 2023 and generally in line with our long-term growth framework. But more specifically, in '24, we expect to see higher revenue growth in the first half versus the second half, and we also expect to see modestly higher margin growth in the first half than the second half. So when we look at the drivers of the cadence, 1 continues to be on the volume side, hinges on the timing of our local [ mods ] deliveries. And comping against higher 2023 margins in the second half.

[Justin Long, analyst]

Okay. Great. I'll leave it at that.

[Operator]

And our next question today comes from Matt Elkott with TD Cowen. Mr. Elkott, your line is open, are you perhaps muted?

[Matthew Elkott, analyst]

Sorry about that. Can you guys give us some more insight on the 5% revenue growth at the midpoint? You know, price versus volume? Are there any acquisitions baked in? I also asked because your backlog is 10% higher, and your revenue growth is 5%. Last year, you did 16% revenue growth. Is this just a function of comps being more difficult for revenue this year?

[Rafael Santana, executive]

Matt, a couple of things. First, the fundamentals for the business are strong. We have the coverage. We have the orders to execute here. The portfolio is well positioned to provide customers with fairly significant payback. Fleets are old, and we're still coming out of a trough in terms of customers' investments in their fleets. There's also significant drivers globally. International, as you've heard, is very strong, which drives demand, not just on the locomotive front, but if you think about mining, transit, digital and overall freight.

Emissions, as you know, it's -- as emission regulation is a tailwind for us. we have continued to expand our visibility with really improved backlog coverage, which goes beyond '24. And that really positions us well to deliver ahead of our long-term guidance. With that being said, our guidance takes into consideration a number of factors. If you think about '24, you still have North America car loads continues to be on the low end. We expect parking to continue to go up, and freight car build is actually down. With that, our approach has consistently ensured really strong [ say-do ] ratio with results ahead of our commitments. And we continue to be committed to over deliver.

[Matthew Elkott, analyst]

That's helpful, Rafael. And my follow-up question, some of the kind of headwinds you mentioned, is that the reason why the freight organic -- the organic freight revenue contribution to growth in the fourth quarter was lower than 3Q and basically the lowest in the last couple of years, if I'm doing my numbers correctly? And do you expect that to continue to trend downward in '24?

[John Olin, executive]

I'm sorry, Matt, I'm not sure I completely understand the question. Can you repeat the driver of...

[Matthew Elkott, analyst]

Yes, John, like the $92 million organic freight revenue contribution in the fourth quarter. If I look back over the last 2 years, it's the lowest number we've seen from organic freight revenue. Is that a function of the headwinds in the North American rail market? And do you expect it to continue to trend downwards?

[Rafael Santana, executive]

So let me just be clear here. Our backlog is strong. We feel good about it. The pipeline of opportunities show it, as I said, the strongest pipeline we've looked at in the last 5 years. And despite of some of the dynamics here we just described to you in North America with carloads and so forth, we're continuing to see really customers investing for cost, investing for reliability. And we continue to see both an element of growth, both for us in North America and international. You're going to have variation here, as John described, quarter-to-quarter, but we're continuing to look at profitable growth as we go into '24. And most importantly, I think we've got a stronger element of international here that really provides us visibility now into '25, '26 and '27.

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Jerry Revich with Goldman Sachs.

[Jerry Revich, analyst]

Roughly, I'm wondering -- can you just provide an update on how your customers are thinking about the discussions with California on sub Tier 4 locomotives in the fleet? And how do you folks see the regulatory process and time line unfolding? And is that driving customer preference for you versus mods that wouldn't fit the new CARB proposed standards? Can you just talk about how the ebbs and flows are going and the time line that you expect to drive from a clarity standpoint for the industry?

[Rafael Santana, executive]

Yes. So Jerry, last November, CARB petitioned the EPA for a waiver and supports for regulation for in-use locomotives. EPA has not responded to California's waiver request, and the ruling became effective beginning of this year. In 1 end, I'd say the outcome of the role remains fluid. But we're technically very well positioned to support our customer share for all outcomes. We have the best-in-class products, lowest fuel consumption, low [ estimation ], vast reliability, best availability. And regardless of further regulation, what I'll tell you the good news is our entire installed base will be able to burn bio and renewable fuels.

But what's more exciting to me is our newer fleets, they will ultimately go beyond bio and renewable fuel. We firmly believe we can breach customer share to their ultimate near zero emission goals. We are aggressively testing alternative fuels, hydrogen being part of that mix, in our newer internal combustion engines. And with really an eye towards enabling customer sustainability journey. And in parallel, we integrate batteries and ultimately hybrid systems into our fleet. So we have not incorporated regulatory change into our guidance. So that would be a tailwind for us.

[Jerry Revich, analyst]

Super. And then can I just ask, you've been very clear on the cash flow from operations conversion rate at over 90%. The CapEx that we're seeing at 2% of sales, is that the run rate that we should be thinking about, John? Or are there any ebbs and flows as we think about what total net income to free cash flow conversion should be like over the next couple of years depending on your CapEx plan?

[John Olin, executive]

So when we look out over the rest of our investment horizon that we came out with a couple of years ago, we would expect 2% range of CapEx over that entire period of time.

[Operator]

And our next question today comes from Rob Wertheimer with Melius Research.

[Robert Wertheimer, analyst]

And I guess a little bit similar to Jerry's question, but I think you had a healthy order for mods from CSX that just came through. I wonder if you can give us any sense of where your total number of mods was in '23? Just for perspective on what that order kind of means in context. And then more generally, even if we leave aside California, there's -- it's also the climate goals that the rails have and there's a fairly old fleet that they're running or maybe a record old fleet that they're running. So in your conversations with your customers in North America, how much are they actually thinking about new locomotives right now with and without California? How is that balance looking? Does anything -- think they can get to their climate goals with just mods? Maybe just any color around that level of mods and then how to think about [ new ].

[Rafael Santana, executive]

Rob, our customers invest for returns at the end of the day. So it just really comes down to making sure as they look into their fleets, they've got really the opportunity here to continue to drive costs down, to drive reliability up and improve service levels. And I think that continues. When I look at that investment, of course, we're coming from trough levels here in the past. We have growth coming into '23. We have still significant growth in '24. And the recent order you just referred to just gives us greater visibility into really continue to grow market.

I think we still have -- I think, an opportunity to grow here as we get closer here to what I'll call average replacement rates with really the oldest fleet we've had. I think some of the elements on what customers decide to invest in could be shaped here certainly by regulation. But most importantly, I think it's going to get shaped by some of the elements of technology that we're introducing that allows a faster payback, a greater payback and greater flexibility really, I'll call, ultimately bridge customers here into a lower emissions environment. And that's how we look at it.

[Operator]

And our next question today comes from Scott Group with Wolfe Research.

[Scott Group, analyst]

So within -- within the revenue guidance, just directionally, are you guys expecting better Freight or Transit growth? And when you just think about all the moving pieces with your growth, how should we think about mix as a tailwind or not this year?

[John Olin, executive]

Great question, Scott. When we look at across our 5 business groups and look into '24, we expect equipment to be the fastest growing. Again, for the reasons that Rafael just mentioned on the last question. And with that -- and actually, in looking at mods as well, we expect both mods and [ locals ] combined to be growing at a faster rate than our average, the midpoint of the revenue growth. And that will put a little bit of mix headwind in 2024. And again, as I've said before, in this world, Scott, there's 2 kinds of mix. There's good mix and bad mix. And this is a case of really good mix as we mix down a little bit because we're putting out assets in the marketplace that will be generating revenues for us for decades to come. So we feel really good. But there will be a little bit of mix headwinds going forward.

[Scott Group, analyst]

Okay. Helpful. And then I just want to clarify, just on the mod side, are you seeing -- I think you've been talking about pretty consistent double-digit growth in mods the last bunch of years. Do we have that again this year? And then any update on the battery [ local ] and timing of first delivery and all that?

[John Olin, executive]

With regards to the mods, we tend to look at 1 or the other mods on new. If we look at combined mods and new in the year, we said they'd be up double digit than they were in 2023. As we look forward, as I had just mentioned, we do expect them to grow faster than the average of those combined to grow faster than the average.

[Rafael Santana, executive]

So strong growth here going to '24. And Scott, with greater visibility had. On your question on battery electric, we're continuing to make progress here in the fourth quarter. As you know, we unveiled the first heavy haul battery electric locomotive with over 7 megawatts of power. This [indiscernible] will start running this year in Australia. And on that, I think fuel continues to be 1 of the biggest costs for customers. There's a continued focus here on driving efficiency. We've got a number of pilots and demo projects. And we -- while we do not expect broad adoption of these, there's going to be some really key opportunities here that we're ready to work on and support customers on.

[Operator]

And our next question today comes from Allison Poliniak with Wells Fargo.

[Allison Poliniak-Cusic, analyst]

I just want to see if you could expand on the digital intelligence piece of your business, particularly in North America. It seems like that's been a bit slower. Just is -- any color there or folks pushing off some of these investments from a cyclical standpoint, understanding the long-term drivers are still there. Just any color on that near term.

[Rafael Santana, executive]

So number one, I think during the quarter, I think on 1 side, while we saw higher demand from international, when you think about PTC, onboard locomotive, digital mine, we saw really a softer demand here, which is continuing with U.S., driven by really discretionary OpEx and the commuter signaling business. What I'd say is the pipeline of opportunities remain strong, driven primarily by international and also by digital mining solutions. I'd say recurring revenues and short-term convertibility continues to be a focus area for the group.

But I think what's more exciting here, something we announced in the fourth quarter, which is really tied to us entering the railcar telematics submarket. We are creating a platform here with proven technology. And this is a market of 1.6 million freight cars. It is a multibillion-dollar opportunity for us, 1 that we will be providing real-time data to railcar and tank car owners. And where opportunities like us, we'll keep propelling growth and profitable growth for this business.

[Allison Poliniak-Cusic, analyst]

Got it. And then on the cost optimization, could you maybe give us any color on how we should think about run rate exiting 2024? And then was that portfolio pruning part of that? Is that incremental? Just any color there?

[John Olin, executive]

Yes, Allison, this is John. So they're separate. Integration 2.0, we couldn't be more pleased with the performance of that. And to date, most of the investment is behind us and most of the savings are in front of us. So as we exited 2023, we had a run rate of $22 million. And as we exit 2025, the run rate that we will exit at will be $75 million to $90 million. So over the next 2 years, we would expect a significant ramp in moving from $22 million to the $75 million to $90 million. And they'll probably be somewhat equal as we ramp from here on the exit period.

[Operator]

Our next question today comes from Ken Hoexter with Bank of America.

[Ken Hoexter, analyst]

Great. So Rafael and John, can you talk a bit about the -- you've kind of gone over the mix of product type, but how about international versus domestic? And kind of maybe talk us through to understand margin differentials or mix issues as 1 is growing versus the other? Within your 5% growth outlook.

[Rafael Santana, executive]

Yes. When I think of revenues, I think you heard me describing stronger international pipeline, which I think ultimately wants to reflect stronger growth internationally as we look at, especially beyond '24 in that regard. So we see a strong pipeline of deals. Some of them signed last year, we'll see a part of those converting into backlog this year, which we'll continue to see really the strength that we've got longer term in the business. I think with regards to specific margins, I mean this is really project by project driven. As John described, I think there's an element of still headwinds just associated with pace in which we grow both the new locomotive business, but also the mods business at a rate -- at a growth rate faster than the overall company.

[Ken Hoexter, analyst]

So maybe we can delve into that for a quick 1 for my follow-up. Just the backlog conversion, it looks like the backlog is building up maybe double-digit rates, right? Freight is up 11%, Transit up 8%. Just wondering, is that a good signal or read-through for that revenue growth? I mean you're targeting 5%. The backlog is growing near double digit. How do we reconcile the 2? What -- where is their loss, I guess, in the conversion?

[Rafael Santana, executive]

So a couple of things. I mean we will have variation here quarter-to-quarter. Just reflect on the last 4 quarters. I mean we have quarters on low single digits. We had quarters on double digits. And I think you're going to see some of that variation. How we run the business, making sure that we've got that convertibility built out 12 months out, 18 months out, and we got to really think about the lead times we've got associated with our products. So it's making sure that we have that coverage.

If you think in specific about '24, I think there's some elements of coverage, especially for the flow products that really need to really be executed through the year. And if you keep in mind, you've got things like the Freight car build, which is down. So you do have some elements that play out through the year. But bottom line is, we still shrunk about both the coverage and about the ability here to continue to drive profitable growth with the pipeline we have.

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Angel Castillo with Morgan Stanley.

[Angel Castillo Malpica, analyst]

Just maybe kind of expanding on that in a little bit longer term. As you think about your book-to-bill for 2024, focused in particular on locomotives, new locomotives. How are you thinking about that kind of evolving? It sounds like deliveries will be ramping up during the year. But just based on what you're hearing from your -- your conversations with your customers, how do you kind of see that throughout the year in terms of above 1, below 1? Just any more color there would be helpful.

[John Olin, executive]

Angel, on average, we expect our book-to-bill to be over 1 because we expect to continue to grow in the mid-single digits over the sustainable future, right? So -- but again, going back to some of these orders can be lumpy from time to time, and a lot of them are multiyear. So -- we're not -- we don't provide a guidance in terms of what we expect forward-looking book-to-bill be. But over time, we would certainly expect it to be over 1.

[Angel Castillo Malpica, analyst]

Got it. And then maybe just on the portfolio divestitures or pruning that you talked about. Could you quantify that from an EPS perspective, how much of that is kind of -- what was kind of the impact embedded in the guidance? And any kind of incremental pruning that you see as kind of opportunities here?

[John Olin, executive]

Yes. So when we look at portfolio optimization, again, we're looking very focused on overall company profitability. And certainly, Integration 2.0 is helping to drive that. But in addition to that, we're looking at -- taking a hard look at the portfolio and looking at the product lines that are not carrying the weight, are not delivering the profitability that we expect or the value that we expect. And with that, we're going out and removing about $110 million of revenue. So when you look at our overall guidance, you got to realize, too, that this revenue isn't going to be there in 2024. So that's putting a little bit of headwind on the overall midpoint that we've given.

But to answer your question, this is very low margin or no margin, Angel. So it's not having an impact on our profitability going forward, but it is bringing our revenue down. And therefore, we would expect a little bit upward pressure on our upward momentum on margin percent.

[Operator]

And our next question today comes from Saree Boroditsky with Jefferies.

[Saree Boroditsky, analyst]

So you announced the $1 billion in share buyback authorization. Can you just talk about how you're thinking about using the cash flow this year between repurchases and M&A, the expected time line for completing this authorization and is any of this baked into your EPS guidance for the year?

[John Olin, executive]

So Saree, Number 1 is in terms of capital allocation, we are on track to do what we've done in 2023. Again, we couldn't be more pleased with the balance that we had in 2023. When you look at the free cash of about $900 million, operating cash of $1.2 million, it would sound pretty split between M&A and share repurchases. When we look forward, as you know, we will prioritize M&A over share repurchases as long as we have good strategic bolt-on M&A. And if not, we will return excess cash to our shareholders in the form of share repurchases.

In relationship to the authorization, it replaced the old authorization that we had. So we've got the ability to spend up to $1 billion in share repurchases. And again, that will be determined throughout the year as far as what we have in M&A opportunities.

[Saree Boroditsky, analyst]

But is it fair to say that any of that -- any additional share buybacks this year is not included in your EPS guidance?

[John Olin, executive]

Our guidance includes all of our business aspects as well as the use of cash in 2024.

[Saree Boroditsky, analyst]

Okay. So it does include share buybacks?

[John Olin, executive]

Share buybacks, M&A or the use of that cash, yes.

[Saree Boroditsky, analyst]

Okay. And then for the next question, I know you're hesitant to kind of put a number on freight margin this year, but maybe comment on incremental margins in freight. Because I think you should have easier comps with the absence of the strike. You have higher volumes and you're exiting lower-margin products. So what can we think about for incremental freight margins this year?

[John Olin, executive]

Well, overall, you can figure out where we're -- what we're looking at for incremental margins on a company in total. Freight will certainly be a driver of that, but we also expect margin growth on the Transit side. When you look at -- we are lapping some of -- some impact to the strike that we had, and that's been incorporated in our overall guidance, right? So when we look at the margins in general, we're looking at favorable productivity and absorption. And certainly, the benefits of Integration 2.0 as well as portfolio optimization that you mentioned. Now again, there's going to be some headwinds to that on unfavorable mix.

[Operator]

And our next question today comes from Chris Wetherbee with Citigroup.

[Unknown Analyst]

Thank you, operator. This is Rob on for Chris. If I could dig a little bit further into Integration 2.0, it looks like on a run rate basis exiting 2024, more than doubled the savings. Can you give us a sense of the cadence you're expecting to realize that run rate to route '24?

[John Olin, executive]

Yes. We wouldn't expect any unusual aspect of that. There's numerous projects that make up Integration 2.0, and most of them have all been executed. And now it is just different levels of -- as the savings start to drive forward. So for purposes of modeling, probably will be more straight line is more accurate than any other way to look at them. That build.

[Unknown Analyst]

That's really helpful. And then just to kind of circle back on Justin's question about the cadence of earnings and revenue growth. Can you give us any -- can you fine-tune kind of the percentage of revenue you're expecting in the first half versus the second half? Clearly, it's going to be more weighted to the first half, but...

[John Olin, executive]

Yes. We would just expect revenue growth to be higher in the first half than the second half, again, largely how we have some of our delivery of the high-ticket items planned. But again, whenever you move a few locomotives from 1 period to the other or deliveries are a little bit ahead or behind, it's hard to get too fine tuned on that. So suffice to say that the first half revenue growth will be a little bit higher than the second half.

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Bascome Majors with Susquehanna.

[Bascome Majors, analyst]

You talked about a roughly neutral volume environment for North American rail. How much would that have to deteriorate to start to meaningfully impact your service revenue on the locomotive contracts?

[Rafael Santana, executive]

So what we described was carloads being, I'll call it, some extent muted for the year. That has, of course, been included into our guidance. What I think you have that more than offsets this is the continued opportunity here for customers to really invest for returns. It's really by driving productivity, lowering costs, replacing, in some cases, 3 units for 2 units. And I think those dynamics are remain in place and remain in place, not just for '24 as you see reflected here by the orders that we just got. We -- we think, at least from a fleet perspective and parking service levels have really -- the focus on service levels has really kept the active fleet relatively stable. And we would expect us to continue to be -- have a favorable market dynamics for North America included.

[Bascome Majors, analyst]

And moving to international. On the buyout in Kazakhstan, you talked about not much 2024 impact from that. As you look at longer term, is the deal structured in a way where all of the benefits from any of this $2 billion-plus of MOUs converting to orders would accrue to Wabtec? And just longer term, when did that become a meaningful contributor to your overall profit profile?

[John Olin, executive]

Bascome, I would think about the LKZ venture that we have as an assembly joint venture. So it doesn't have any impact on our overall revenue growth or growth into the CIS region. What it does is it improves our supply chain, right? A lot of the things that we were driving through the joint venture were kits that we would make and a lot of the parts were made in other parts of the world and shipped in there, and the JV was for the assembly side of it. So now this just gives us a great operational -- complete control over the operational supply chain in an area of the world that we believe is going to show significant growth going forward.

[Rafael Santana, executive]

We have significant growth in '24. We have significant growth in '25. And we have an opportunity here to utilize that -- installed that manufacturing footprint to export outside of Kazakhstan, and I think that's a significant element here on the top of just had some really strong returns for us.

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Steve Barger with KeyBanc Capital Markets.

[Steve Barger, analyst]

John, you said equipment will be the fastest-growing group. But if I'm remembering right, that category is pretty evenly split between locomotive and mining, marine and drilling. Are you thinking locomotive outgrows the industrial products? Or do you expect more equal growth from those kind of 2 categories?

[John Olin, executive]

Yes. We don't break it out specifically, Steve. But when we look at 2024, our equipment group, we expect good growth out of both locomotives as well as mining equipment.

[Steve Barger, analyst]

Got it. So similar growth rates, no big variance between the 2?

[Rafael Santana, executive]

Steve, it's, I think, a challenge here. We might have, again, variation as we go through it. But they're strong, both strong. And a lot of it really internationally driven and beyond '24.

[Steve Barger, analyst]

Got it. And for transit, you're coming off a tough comp really the best growth in years. And with equipment and services on the freight side outgrowing consolidated guidance, does that mean freight is more like high single digit for the year and transit low single digit?

[Rafael Santana, executive]

We won't get into the specifics we're guiding for Transit or for Freight. What I'll tell you on Transit, the fundamentals for the business continue to be strong. Book-to-bill ratio closed over 1 for the year. While we are pleased with the progress we're continuing to do significant work here to simplify the footprint. This business will deliver on margin expansion in '24. Integration should not always a significant contributor to that. But we will continue to have variation quarter-to-quarter, driven by really mix and timing of projects.

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes our question-and-answer session. I'd like to turn the conference back over to Kristine Kubacki for any closing remarks.

[Kristine Kubacki, executive]

Thank you, Rocco, and thank you, everyone, for your participation today. We look forward to speaking with you next quarter.

[Operator]

Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. We thank you all for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines, and have a wonderful day.