Telephone and Data Systems Inc
NYSE:TDS
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Telephone and Data Systems Inc
Earnings Call Analysis
Q1-2024 Analysis
Telephone and Data Systems Inc
In the most recent quarter, TDS Telecom demonstrated notable financial resilience amidst a challenging environment. Total operating revenues decreased by 4%, primarily stemming from a 2% decline in service revenues and a 10% drop in equipment sales. This decline can be attributed to fewer smartphone sales as customer demand shifted and promotional expenses decreased. However, the company managed to control expenses effectively, achieving a 7% reduction in cash expenses and resulting in an 11% increase in adjusted operating income over the period.
The ongoing cost optimization program has driven significant improvements, allowing TDS Telecom to maintain profitability despite declining revenues. The company expects to save approximately $40 million annually starting in 2025 due to the CDMA network shutdown in January 2024. Furthermore, the full-year adjusted operating income margin is projected to stay relatively flat for 2024, signifying effective expense control in light of increasing costs associated with 5G deployment.
TDS Telecom's aggressive fiber rollout strategy is paying off. The company reported a 5% increase in revenue and an impressive 38% increase in adjusted EBITDA, highlighting the positive financial impact of fiber investments. With a commitment to expand fiber service addresses, TDS is on track to meet its goal of adding 125,000 marketable service addresses within the fiscal year. Currently, about 827,000 addresses are marketable, indicating strong progress towards the target of 1.2 million addresses.
Despite robust performance, TDS faces challenges in customer acquisition and subscriber retention. The first quarter saw postpaid gross additions drop by 30,000, reflecting a tough competitive environment, with a 16% decline in the pool of potential subscribers. Even so, churn rates have improved, down by 5 basis points year-over-year, indicating that retention efforts, particularly through personalized offers and management programs, have been somewhat effective.
Looking ahead, TDS maintains its revenue guidance for adjusted EBITDA in the range of $310 million to $340 million for the year, implying a year-over-year increase of around 14%. The company remains optimistic about the continued growth of its fiber operations and effective cost management strategies, which will support both top and bottom line advancements moving forward. Additionally, the capital expenditures for 2024 are expected to be lower than in 2023, indicating prudent financial management.
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Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. My name is Desiree, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the TDS and UScellularUScellular First Quarter 2024 Operating Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]
I would now like to turn the conference over to Colleen Thompson, Vice President, Corporate Relations. Please go ahead.
Good morning, and thank you for joining us. We want to make you aware of the presentation we have prepared to accompany our comments this morning, which you can find on the Investor Relations sections of the TDS and UScellularUScellular websites.
With me today and offering prepared comments are from TDS, Vicki Villacrez, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; from UScellular, LT Therivel, President and Chief Executive Officer; Doug Chambers, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer; and from TDS Telecom, Michelle Brukwicki, Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer. This call is being simultaneously webcast on the TDS and UScellular Investor Relations website.
Please see the website for slides referred to on this call, including non-GAAP reconciliations. We provide guidance for both adjusted operating income before depreciation, amortization, or OIBDA, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, to highlight the contributions of UScellular's wireless partnerships. TDS and UScellular filed their SEC Forms 8-K, including the press releases and our 10-Qs earlier this morning.
As shown on Slide 2, the information set forth in the presentation and discussed during this call contains statements about expected future events and financial results that are forward-looking and subject to risks and uncertainties. Please review the safe harbor paragraphs in our press releases and the extended version included in our SEC filings.
And with that, I will now turn the call over to Vicki Villacrez. Vicki?
Okay. Thank you, Colleen, and good morning, everyone. Before we talk about the results for the quarter, I want to once again reiterate that as announced on August 4 last year, we embarked on a review of strategic alternatives at UScellular. I'm unable to comment on the process at this time, except to say that it remains active and ongoing. Management of TDS and UScellular, along with both Boards, remain committed to a path that is in the best interest of the company and our shareholders. Given the nature of the process, we don't expect to have updates until it's concluded.
Okay. Now let's talk about the business unit results. I'm pleased that both business units are showing notable year-over-year improvements in adjusted EBITDA and delivering on their profitability target set at the beginning of the year. TDS Telecom is realizing the benefits of our multiyear fiber investments with both top and bottom line growth in the quarter, and UScellular reported a nice improvement in ARPU in addition to ongoing cost discipline. From a consolidated perspective, we are maintaining our focus on both OpEx and CapEx costs while at the same time prudently allocating our capital towards critical network investments that are advancing our technologies.
At TDS Telecom, we are expanding our fiber footprint, and at UScellular, our mid-band rollout remains on track. As we announced this morning, TDS entered into a $375 million unsecured debt facility and borrowed $300 million at closing. The proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including the advancement of TDS Telecom's fiber build program. As you will hear Michelle speak later on the call TDS Telecom's fiber strategy is working. TDS Telecom is reporting strong growth as expected, both top and bottom line, which gives us the confidence to keep investing in the fiber program.
TDS' overall long-term weighted average cost of debt and preferred equity increases 30 basis points with this borrowing to 6.8%, which is favorable in the current interest rate environment. We will continue to manage our balance sheet through a combination of long-dated debt maturities issued at historically low interest rates, reasonable leverage and sufficient liquidity, all of which provides flexibility to execute against our current operational objectives and longer-term strategic goals.
I will now turn the call over to LT.
Thank you, Vicki. Good morning, everybody. If you turn to Slide 5, you can see our quarterly highlights. As you can see, we delivered strong bottom line results, driven by solid ARPU growth and effective expense discipline. Postpaid ARPU was up 3%, which is impressive given that approximately 40% of our postpaid handset gross adds over the past year have elected our lower-priced flat rate plans.
And as a reminder, the flat rate plans offer lower pricing, but they're not eligible for our richer device promotions and, therefore, they yield similar overall economics as our legacy unlimited plans. A contributing factor to our postpaid ARPU increase has been continuing to move our customers to our higher-value top 2 tier plans, and we have 51% of our handset customers on those top tiers at the end of March '24 and compared to 42% a year ago.
Postpaid churn was also a bright spot in the quarter, down 5 basis points year-over-year. During the quarter, we focused on retention through personalized promotional offers as well as pulsing in aggressive mass rate offers. We saw solid results from our new Us Days retention program, and you can expect to see continued investment in retention throughout this year.
Postpaid handset gross adds continue to be a challenge in the first quarter, and a significant driver of the gross add challenges was a 16% year-over-year decline in the total pool of available subscribers. We made some changes in our promotions during Q1, and we've made some additional changes more recently to remove trade-in and plan requirements on our lead promotions. And while it takes time to fully assess the impact of these changes, we're encouraged by the early results, and we expect to continue to assess and adjust our promotions as necessary to drive improved subscriber results.
Briefly on cable wireless. As I mentioned in past calls, they've become a formidable competitor in our footprint. We compete against cable wireless across about 2/3 of our footprint. And while they have a mid-single-digit market share across that area, are currently winning about 15% of the share of postpaid handset gross adds by offering low-cost plans which can be bundled with our fixed broadband products, and they're now beginning to offer device promotions more frequently.
We estimate they offload approximately 90% of their traffic to WiFi, and that's 10 to 20 percentage points higher than the estimate of the WiFi offloads UScellular. And we believe the same goes for the other large wireless carriers. Higher upload to WiFi means lower usage on cellular, and we believe this dynamic as well as their ability to cross-subsidize their bundled with wireline profits means they can potentially make even more aggressive future moves on pricing and promotion.
Now our churn results show we're competing effectively, but we're going to need to ensure we have the right pricing and promotional constructs to remain competitive, while we generate sufficient returns to invest in our network and provide our customers with a great experience. We have another strong quarter in fixed wireless. We've grown this subscriber base by 42% compared to the prior year, ending the quarter with 124,000 subscribers.
Prepaid net losses improved year-over-year as we saw improvement in our prepaid churn rate, which decreased 24 basis points. Over the past year, we made enhancements to our prepaid distribution, and we expanded our digital engagement, and we're seeing the results of those efforts in our reduced churn and improved lifetime economics of our prepaid customers.
Just to touch on the business space, and particularly 5G use cases, we're seeing some interesting emerging examples of using advanced network capabilities to help drive innovation, particularly through partnership. One example is a recent partnership with Rockwell Automation to deploy a 5G private cellular network within their connected enterprise lab. Rockwell is seeing their customers looking for guidance in real-time or near real-time decision-making with our applications, and private 5G provides the lower latency and higher bandwidth to enable those applications. We've already deployed a number of private cellular networks, and we see a lot of opportunities in the manufacturing and in the utility space going forward.
Another example is the recently announced partnership with Kate, using our patent-pending MVNO revolution architecture to deliver an ultra-private and secure mobile wireless experience that keeps people connected securely wherever they are. And with wireless being a part of our everyday lives, there's a heightened need for privacy and security, and we're really pleased to partner with Kape as they offer a differentiated and innovative solution that protects customers' data.
Turning to the network. Our mid-band deployment is on track and I'm pleased with the results that we're seeing where we deploy mid-band. By the end of 2024, we expect to have mid-band on cell sites that handle almost 50% of our data traffic. And we're seeing a strong correlation in the percent of traffic handled by our mid-band network and a corresponding increase in both perception and a higher Net Promoter Score, and we're excited about the value of this network is delivering to both our mobility and our fixed wireless customers.
Finally, with respect to our financial results, our cost optimization program continues to deliver strong results as we increased our profitability and our adjusted OIBDA by 11% in the quarter. Doug will provide some additional detail in his segment, but I'm pleased with the financial results that we're delivering even in the face of subscriber challenges.
A brief note on Washington. The Affordable Connectivity Program was initially created to help close the digital divide, and we're really disappointed that the program was not renewed. I've spoken in the past that there's 2 obstacles to bridging the digital divide in this country, particularly in rural America, and that's infrastructure investments and affordability investment. And BEAD in the 5G fund may help with infrastructure, but affordability still remains a challenge for many customers. And ACP provided support to many people in our footprint. It's disappointing that we couldn't find a way to support them.
Our exposure is relatively minimal, but we're committed to continuing to serve these customers, and we have a plan to provide them with special discounted offers to ensure that they're able to stay connected. Before I turn the call over to Doug, I want to recognize and thank all of our associates for their exceptional hard work and dedication towards helping our customers stay connected to what matters most each day.
Doug, over to you.
Thanks, LT. Good morning. Before we go to the quarterly results, I want to remind you that we sunset the CDMA network in January of this year. At the time of the shutdown, we had 11,000 postpaid and 2,000 prepaid connections still dependent on the network. These customers were removed from their respective bases and are not reflected as infections or churn in the first quarter results. We expect the CDMA network shutdown to be accretive to 2024 adjusted OIBDA and to result in approximately $40 million in run rate annual operating expense savings beginning in 2025.
Let's review the customer results on Slide 6. Postpaid handset gross additions decreased by 30,000 due to the intense competitive environment, and as LT mentioned, a 16% reduction in the pool of available customers. Correspondingly, postpaid handset net additions were down 22,000. Connected device net additions were slightly improved for the quarter, up 2,000 due to higher demand for fixed wireless home Internet as well as a decrease in hotspot churn. Prepaid net losses improved by 10,000 connections due to improvements in prepaid churn previously discussed by LT.
Now let's turn to the financial results, starting on Slide 8. Total operating revenues for the quarter decreased 4%, as service revenues declined 2% and equipment sales declined 10%. The primary drivers of lower service revenue are declines in the average postpaid subscriber base partially offset by a higher postpaid ARPU, as LT discussed previously.
Equipment sales declined due to a decrease in smartphone devices sold as a result of lower gross additions and upgrades, which was partially offset by an increase in price per unit sold due to customer demand for more expensive devices as well as a decrease in promotional expense as customers continue to opt for flat rate price plans which are not eligible for higher levels of device discounts. The decline in upgrade rates and the corresponding decline in equipment sales is consistent with the industry.
Now let's turn to Tower results on Slide 9. The business delivered a solid quarter with $25 million in third-party Tower revenues, which represents 3% growth. As we noted last quarter, the wireless industry has moderated capital expenditures, which will impact Tower revenue growth rates in the short term, but we are bullish on the long-term revenue opportunities of the Tower business.
Next, let's turn to our quarterly operating performance shown on Slide 11. For this discussion, I will refer to adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization as adjusted operating income. As I mentioned, operating revenues declined 4%. However, this decline was offset by a decrease in cash expenses compared to the prior year of 7%. Loss of equipment or equipment sales less cost of equipment sold decreased 40% as a result of lower transaction volume and lower promotional cost per transaction, partially due to higher adoption of flat rate plans, as previously discussed.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 4%, driven by lower employee-related expenses which includes decreases attributable to both the second quarter 2023 reduction in workforce and sales expenses, partially due to the decrease in gross add and upgrade volumes, partially offset by increases in data to alternatives review. Wrapping up this slide, as LT mentioned, adjusted operating income increased 11% and adjusted EBITDA, which incorporates the earnings from our equity method investments, along with interest and dividend income increased 8%. Both of these amounts have been adjusted to exclude $7 million of expenses related to our strategic alternatives review.
Our cost optimization program continues to deliver strong results. Despite expected service revenue declines for the full year 2024 and cost increases that result from our ongoing mid-band 5G deployment, we expect our full year adjusted operating income margin as a percent of service revenues to remain relatively flat in 2024. The full year 2024 cost profile is expected to be positively impacted by the shutdown of our CDMA network in the first quarter of 2024, the reduction in force executed in the second quarter of 2023 and cost savings from initiatives across all areas of the business. Our associates have done an excellent job identifying and executing these initiatives, and we remain focused on this program in 2024 to drive further cost savings.
Our capital expenditures decreased compared to the same period last year, partially due to the timing of mid-band capital expenditures in each respective period. In addition, we expect capital expenditures for the full year 2024 to trend toward the lower end of our guidance range and be less than 2023 capital expenditures. As shown on Slide 12, our 2024 financial guidance remains unchanged from the guidance we issued in February of this year as we remain on track to our financial plan.
I will now turn the call over to Michelle Brukwicki. Michelle?
Thank you, Doug, and good morning, everyone. Turning to Slide 14. As Vicki mentioned, the key highlight for TDS Telecom is that our fiber strategy is working. For the past several years, we've made significant investments in our fiber program and our financial results are starting to reflect the benefits of those investments. We just delivered our strongest quarter of revenues and profitability since starting our fiber program. Our fiber results, combined with our disciplined expense management, produced a 5% increase in revenue and a 38% increase in adjusted EBITDA in the quarter.
In addition to delivering strong financial results, the team continues to deliver a steady cadence of marketable fiber service addresses with 28,000 this quarter. We're on track to reach our annual goal of 125,000 marketable fiber service addresses that we shared with you in February. As we deliver these fiber addresses, we are also successfully selling into those addresses. Overall, we are achieving the broadband penetrations projected in our business cases. In first quarter, we reached a major milestone, exceeding 100,000 residential broadband connections in our expansion markets.
Moving to Slide 15. You can see where we're at on our longer-term scorecard. We are targeting 1.2 million marketable fiber service addresses. We ended the quarter with 827,000, so we're 2/3 of the way there. We're also targeting 60% of our total service addresses to be served by fiber. We ended the quarter with 49%. This reflects progress in growing fiber through our expansion markets as well as fibering up our incumbent markets. We also refer to this as our ILEC. At the end of the quarter, 44% of our ILEC addresses were fibered up. And finally, we are expecting to offer speeds of 1 gig or higher to at least 80% of our footprint. We finished the quarter with 73% gig speeds.
On Slide 16, you can see that we are growing our footprint with a 12% increase in total service addresses year-over-year. As shown on the right side of the slide, we are -- we see increased demand for higher broadband speeds, with 78% of our customers taking 100 megabits per second or greater, up from 72% a year ago. We continue to increase the availability of Gig+ speeds. Customer take rates of these speeds are growing, with 17% of our customer base on 1 gig or higher at the end of the quarter.
Our broadband investments are driving meaningful results. As I mentioned in the last call, during 2024, we are focusing on driving broadband penetrations in our new expansion markets, and we are executing as planned. As shown on Slide 17, we had 6,400 residential broadband net adds in the quarter, which contributed to 6% growth in residential broadband connections year-over-year. We see strong broadband connection growth in our expansion markets. We also continue to see incumbent copper customers convert to fiber where available, protecting our base and providing a better customer experience. The enhanced A-CAM program will get even more fiber into our ILEC markets to serve these customers.
Average residential revenue per connection was up 7% due primarily to price increases. And with increases in broadband connections and revenue per user, we saw 10% growth in residential revenues. Specifically, expansion markets delivered $26 million of residential revenues in the quarter, compared to $15 million a year ago. As expected, commercial revenues decreased 9% in the quarter as we continued to decommission our CLEC markets. Lastly, wholesale revenues increased 3% due to the incremental revenues we have started to receive under the enhanced A-CAM program.
On Slide 18, you can see our quarterly performance. Operating revenues were up 5% in the quarter as the growth in residential revenues in wholesale was partially offset by the decline in commercial revenues. Strong expense management led to a 6% decrease in cash expenses for the quarter. As our penetration and revenues grow, along with this disciplined cost management, we are seeing nice growth in adjusted EBITDA, up 38% in the quarter. Capital expenditures were $87 million in the quarter, down 33% from last year.
Slide 19 shows our 2024 guidance which remains unchanged from what we shared with you in February. We are confident in our plans for both top and bottom line growth this year through increasing our fiber penetration and effective cost management. Turning to CapEx, we are committed to pacing our capital spend this year in line with our profitability. For the next few years, we are balancing the priorities of both our fiber expansion program and the enhanced A-CAM program. We are carefully planning and engineering both programs to keep them progressing at a pace to meet our build commitments that's also commensurate with our financing capacity.
In closing, I want to thank all of the TDS Telecom associates for their focus on our strategic priorities. This quarter's strong results reflect the hard work of our entire team. We have good momentum after the first quarter, and I continue to be excited about the opportunities ahead.
I'll now turn the call back over to Colleen.
Okay. We will now open up the call to your questions. As a reminder, today, our focus is on the quarter and we'll not be taking questions on the review of strategic alternatives for UScellular. Operator, we're ready for the first question.
[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Rick Prentiss with Raymond James.
A couple of questions. First, I think last quarter, we talked a little bit about the Tower segment. Doug, you talked about how there's growth, but obviously, the industry is moderating. I wanted to just check in, last quarter, LT, you said if you were to create Tower segment reporting and create an anchor contract between the tower company or the tower business and the wireless business, you couldn't go back, I think this was kind of your phrase. Any update on that thought?
And then what would be the problems of you can't go back on that front? And an associated question maybe over to Vicki. Have you thought about -- I'm sure you have, but what are you thinking on lending against the Tower segment, particularly vis-a-vis the most recent debt you brought on, which is SOFR plus 7%, which has got to be in the 12% range?
So I'll take your first question about segment reporting around towers. It continues to be something that we look at. One of the things that we've tried to do in response to both your questions and others is to provide a little bit more detail on the towers. You can see that again in our slides as well as us comments, and we're going to try to continue to do that moving forward. My comment about not going back, I mean, one of the things that we've noticed is once you provide certain level of information, it's not it's not a great idea to start to reel that back. And so one of the things we want to do is we want to be deliberate, we want to be disciplined when we start to share more detailed financials.
On those towers, we continue to work through it. I would expect that you can see more detailed financials in coming quarters, but I'm going to stop a little bit short of providing an actual delivery date on that. The broad trends on towers, by the way, I mean, they remain consistent with what you've seen in past quarters. So not to reiterate too much, what you heard from us last quarter. But near term, we continue to see that slowdown in terms of overall capital spending across the industry. And so we're seeing a bit of a slowdown in new applications and in colocations and so on.
Long run, we remain really bullish on those towers for 2 reasons. The first is, as you get into future iterations of Gs, whether it's a 5G advanced or that's going to be driven by 1 of 2 things. It's going to be driven by more spectrum or it's going to be driven by network densification. And the FCC, as you know, does not have stream authority right now. I think that's a problem. But nonetheless, we do have a mechanism right now to put new spectrum to work. NTIA has their spectrum plan in place, but there's not necessarily a new spectrum that's targeted to be auctioned off for a long time. Spectrum sharing appears to be where they're focusing their efforts. And so what that means is that if you're going to go towards 6G, you're going to need to be focusing more on densification than you will on new spectrum. And that's good news for towers.
The other reason we're bullish in the long run on this is just our overall colocation rate remains low relative to some of the other players. We've increased it steadily over time. So I'm pleased with the momentum. We still have a lot of room to grow. And so broadly optimistic on the segment, more detailed financials to come, but not exactly sure when. Vicki, let me turn to you for [indiscernible].
Yes. Thank you, LT. Rick, first off, let me just level set. This borrowing was done at the TDS level. And it's largely for general corporate purposes, but primarily for the advancement of our fiber program. So you commented on the price, I think it's marginally more expensive. For sure, in this high interest rate environment, it -- but in the grand scheme of our total structure, capital structure, it's increasing our weighted average cost of debt by just 30 basis points, [ 6.5% to 6.8% ].
It's -- what I'm excited about here is that it's giving us the flexibility that we need and the optionality that we need to continue to advance our fiber program. We're very pleased with the fiber program, as you heard Michelle talk about today, and I think that's demonstrated by TDS Telecom's strong growth in the first quarter, as well as the guidance that they got out for themselves for the year.
And speaking which, a question for Michelle as well, obviously, really strong numbers on the OIBDA line for TDS Telecom, demonstrating hopefully, the fiber is working, as you said. The guidance for OIBDA for the year, $310 million to $340 million, you put up low 90s in the quarter. Were you expecting maybe some costs that are coming in, in the next 3 quarters? I mean what would be different as we kind of look at this saying, hopefully, we see continued penetration gains on the costs that have already been spent OpEx and CapEx? What would cause EBITDA pacing to slow down the rest of the year, I guess?
Rick, thanks for the question. Yes, we are really pleased with our adjusted EBITDA in the first quarter. The 38% increase that we saw compared to last year. So that increase was a result of revenue increases, but it's also a result of very diligent cost management and the entire telecom team is focused on expenses. So we are really trying to time our expenses very prudently in terms of like our hiring in the new markets just in time for when we need those resources, the timing of our spending of marketing and advertising to just be right when we need to optimize the benefits of that spend. And being very prudent with things like travel and entertainment and finding ways to cut back.
So there is an element of the cost management that is timing. We're doing a great job at managing our costs, but there is some that's coming and you're going to see it happen throughout the year. So at this point, we've reaffirmed our guidance range for adjusted EBITDA at that $310 million to $340 million range that you mentioned. And at the midpoint of that range, probably $325 million, that implies about a 14% increase in adjusted EBITDA year-over-year, which is still a very healthy increase. But we don't expect to see the first quarter, the, 38% carry through the entire year. So that's why at the point we're maintaining our guidance range where it is.
Our next question comes from the line of Michael Rollins with Citi.
I have an operational question and then a strategic question. So first, for the operational question. Just curious if you could share some additional perspective on the potential and timing to turn around the gross add trajectory. And whether it's the effort on gross adds or churn on the postpaid phone side, do you share the path to get back to a neutral or positive condition on phone subscriptions? And then on the strategic side, I'm curious, as you're continuing to push forward with the fiber strategy, have you contemplated at the TDS side the idea of going from a retail business to a wholesale business, and offering broadband access to other providers, wireless -- other firms that can help TDS continue to push forward and penetrate the market?
Mike, it's LT. I'll take your first question and then I'll probably hand the second question to Michelle to answer about wholesale and fiber. So I mean, clearly, the path to positive net adds needs to be driven by both improvements in churn and improvements in gross adds. I'm not telling anything you don't know. Let's start with improvements in churn. I'm really pleased with the progress that we've made in churn. As you can see in the quarter, churn is down pretty significantly. I think that's driven by 2 things. One, it's driven by the pool being down. But it's also being driven by some pretty aggressive upgrade actions that we've taken both late last year as well as in the first quarter.
So I referenced to Us Day, this is a program that we kicked off this year to help drive upgrades and to help ring churn down. We're very pleased with the success that we've seen. It's a small set of -- I think we run it over about 2 weeks. Special offers for existing customers to come in and take advantage of, upgrade their devices to get them back in contract and thus reduce churn. And that back in contract element is really the biggest driver of churn reduction. More customers we can get in contract, the lower the churn, the better the path to positive net adds.
The second element is around improving gross add. First quarter slow, and not just slow for UScellular, but slow to the industry as a whole, right? The overall pool of available subscribers down 16%, I mentioned that in my comments. Probably the biggest drop that I've seen, I think, since COVID, and I think that's really driven by a few things. One is perversely positive in that we and other carriers have done a good job getting customers back in contract. I think people are satisfied. I think they're pleased with their services. And so there aren't as many people looking to churn. Those contracts that we're offering are also being done over a longer period of time. And again, that's not just us, that's the industry as a whole.
The other piece, though, is if you're going to go drive postpaid gross adds is you have to get the network and the price equation right. And 1 of the things that we've done here in the first quarter is we got a lot more aggressive on the back end of the quarter with promotions, particularly around trade-ins. So we lifted trading requirements and the plan requirements. And by lifting those planned requirements and those trading requirements on the very back end of the first quarter and going into early second quarter, we've seen some improvements that I'm optimistic about. And so you put those things together, continuing to see meaningful improvements in churn that we've seen so far. And if we can maintain the momentum that we're seeing late in the quarter and so far going into April. I think we're heading in the right direction in terms of overall net adds.
I'll highlight one other dynamic, though, and it doesn't really show up as much in overall subscriber net adds, but I think it's going to be an increasingly meaningful one as we go into the back end of this year, so into the second half and into next, and that has to do with the business segment. One of the things we've observed with 5G is that the really interesting new use cases are not coming up to your consumer. Fixed wireless is a great business for us, but we've talked in the past about it's difficult to sustain fixed wireless. It doesn't pay for itself, right? It doesn't pay for the capital necessary. And so what we need to find is those other use cases that help to monetize 5G and over and above just positive consumer net adds.
And business revenues and business use cases are key. So I referenced what we did with Rockwell, I referenced what we did with Cape. We had a series of interesting IoT deals and flow. We've been investing in this segment. We've been investing in the distribution around business and our solutioning around business. I think it's going to help in the long run, because those 5G investments will be paid for much more with enterprise than the 4G investments. Mobile, video, pay for 4G. You're going to need enterprise to pay for 5G.
So I think you put those things together, improved churn that we've seen so far already. We're already seeing in our results. Recent improvements in overall gross adds by getting more promotional, and layer on top of that some of the investments we're making in enterprise, and I think you have a path towards more attractive, not just subscribers, but also more attractive financials. Michelle, let me hand it to you to answer a question around how we're thinking about wholesale on the fire side.
Yes. Thanks, LT, and thanks, Mike, for the question. So yes, we're building our fiber networks, Mike. I mean we have thought about all the different ways to leverage those networks. We certainly do work with wireless companies. If there's a way for us to provide fiber to towers and for things like that, we certainly do that. But in terms of opening it up and being a wholesale provider, that's not where we're going with these at this point. Our business model, our long-term vision, is to own our networks and to serve our customers on those networks.
And we think that we can do a really great job of serving those customers and offering them the products and services that they need and want at competitive prices. And so we think that we do that in a very high-quality way. And so at this point, we're not considering opening up our networks to others.
Next question comes from the line of Sergey Dluzhevskiy with GAMCO Investors.
My first question is for LT around competition with cable. So as you said, cable -- you're competing with cable across about 2/3 of your footprint. They have been quite aggressive. Obviously, you're doing these larger companies which -- who are into responding to even larger players in the wireless industry. So in this environment, what could you sell or the effectiveness of this regional provider to improve its competitive position over medium term? And specifically in competition with cable, what has been working better for you over the past few quarters based on your experience?
Sergey, yes, so I mean you put out a bit of numbers, I know I mentioned these in the intro. But the interesting challenge that we're facing with the cable players is -- the first is something that we saw in Europe in the LTE days, which is subsidizing wireless with wireline. So using wireline profits to help subsidize the wireless business. And that's a challenging dynamic to fight against from a pricing perspective, right? In some cases, we've got cable in the marketplace for $29 unlimited with 1 line free for a year, so you're talking about $15 a month on the Verizon network. And so it's a challenging pricing dynamic to fight against.
Then I mentioned the WiFi offloading dynamics. In many cases, they're using -- their WiFi offload is much higher than ours. And so the correspondingly, their use of cellular is lower. So what do we do to compete? At its core our industry still competes on network and price. And so the first thing that you can do is you can bring the price of the bundle down to compete against wireless -- against cable, and we're doing that with fixed wireless, right? So one of the things that I'm very pleased about is the success of our fixed wireless business and a lot of those customers come with bundled lines.
And so kind of go back at them, fight the war on their turf, so to speak. And I think the success of our fixed wireless business is proof around that strategy being a good one. I think the second thing that you can do is make sure that you're paying a lot of attention to your existing customer base and you're insulating them as best you can. And so our in-contract rates going up, and consequently, our churn rate is going down is another good dynamic around our ability to compete successfully with cable.
The third piece, Sergey, is I also think that this is a long game, right? In the long run, it is very difficult to compete in our industry, if you don't have owner's economics. In the short to medium term, I referenced, right, they've got they have a share of gross adds that is much higher than their existing market share. And so there's still room -- plenty of room to grow. But in the long run, investing in a really high-quality network experience is another insulating factor to be able to help you compete successfully. And so we have to invest. And we have to invest behind a mid-band, we have to invest behind high speeds, quality 5G and making sure that we have a highly competitive network.
And so your ability as a wireless player to invest not just in low prices, but also in high speeds and high quality to me in the long run is the best way to compete against the cable wireless players. They have plenty of room to grow, but we think we can compete aggressively.
Got it. Another question is on towers. If you could maybe summarize your primary objectives for the Tower business for this year or maybe over the next 2 years. Obviously, you mentioned the current environment as wireless companies, a lot of that depends on mid-band deployments and lowering the capital spending plan, that impacted overall revenue trajectory in the near term. But even in this environment, I guess, what are the opportunities to improve revenue trajectory? And what are the primary objectives over the next few years?
Yes. So I would -- Sergey, I would chunk it up a little bit in terms of, let's call it, a 1- to 2-year time frame versus a 3- to 5-year time frame. For the next 1 to 2 years, I mean, the objective is simple, it's continue to grow revenue. And the easiest way to do that is to be a colocation partner of choice. And so we continue to market those towers aggressively, the ones that we already have in place. We've talked in the past about potentially being able to open up other assets on those towers to people to colocate with us. And so colocation rate and continuing to improve that colocation rate is probably our primary objective. We think we are well positioned to do so. The.
Challenge is in the next 1, 2 years, how much colocation activity, how much new tower build activity will there be for operators. And so there's kind of a secondary objective in the next 1 to 2 years, which is to make sure that we're financially healthy and we're built for the long term. That's something that we've always focused on as a business. not just in our tower business but more broadly. And so I feel good about the long-term trajectory and our ability to, let's call it, weather the storm of the next year or 2 as operators, not just UScellular, but others kind of pull back a little bit on capital.
What we want to be positioned for is that 3- to 5-year time frame when, as I talked about a little bit in my answer to Rick's question, if we don't see more spectrum come online, operators are going to have to densify. And if they densify, we think we're in a very good position. In past earnings call, we've shared how our tower portfolio, in many cases, a large portion of our tower portfolio, doesn't have another tower within a mile, 2 miles, 3 miles of its tower. So it's not 1 of these situations. Most of our towers don't have these situations where you have one tower and there's another one right next to it. And so it's very difficult to differentiate yourself other than by price.
In our case, we're differentiated by location. And as some of our competitors have to densify into rural America, we think that portfolio is really well situated. And so in the long run, we see some really attractive growth on that. So colocation rate, and let's call it a healthy financial profile would be the metric for the next year or 2. Long term, it would be overall top line revenue growth and potentially even tower expansion when we can invest to support other people's densification efforts.
Got it. Great. And my last question is for Michelle. I think a few quarters ago, you highlighted a pickup in overbuilding in your ILEC markets. Maybe if you could provide an update where the situation is now, how do you typically respond to an overbuilder, your approach in 2024? And also as you think about your fiber build, if you could talk about how you prioritize your build, keeping lower building activity in mind and other factors that you kind of priorities.
Sergey, thank you for the question. So yes, if we kind of take our markets individually. We certainly have been balancing our fiber spending over the last few years. It's heavily gone into expansion markets. But we've also put a significant amount of investment into our ILEC markets. So our ILEC are 44% fibered up at this point. So that goes a long way to defending areas in our ILEC properties. At the moment, we're not a lot of spending in our ILEC markets this year because we've got A-CAM coming.
So this year, we're focusing on engineering and getting our plans lined up so that those builds can start going in 2025, and we'll be fulfilling our A-CAM commitments over the next few years. That's going to take a lot more fiber into our ILEC as well. And so that is going to serve as another great defense mechanism in our ILEC markets on top of all of the investment that we've already put in ourselves over the last many years, like over the last decade, really. So that's our plan for the ILEC.
There is competitive overbuilding that is happening in certain areas of our ILEC, that certainly is present. But we have tried to defend as much as possible with being preemptive in getting our fiber there as quickly as possible and with going into the enhanced A-CAM program to help fortify our ILEC even further.
There are no further questions at this time. Ms. Colleen Thompson, I turn the call back over to you.
Okay. Thanks, everyone, for your time today. Please reach out to IR if you have additional questions, and have a great weekend. Operator, we can close out the call.
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.