Maximus Inc

NYSE:MMS

Earnings Call Transcript 2022-Q1

[Operator]

Greetings, and welcome to the Maximus Fiscal 2022 First Quarter Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded.

It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Madison West, Vice President of Investor Relations and ESG for Maximus. Thank you, Ms. West. Please go ahead.

[Madison West, VP, IR]

Good morning, and thank you for joining us. With me today is Bruce Caswell, President and CEO; David Mutryn, CFO; and James Francis, Vice President of Investor Relations.

I'd like to remind everyone that a number of statements being made today will be forward-looking in nature. Please remember that such statements are only predictions. Actual events and results may differ materially, including those discussed in Item 1A of our most recent Forms 10-Q and 10-K. We encourage you to review the information contained in our most recent filings with the SEC and our earnings press release today. The company does not assume any obligation to revise or update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by law.

Today's presentation also contains non-GAAP financial information. Management uses this information internally to analyze results and believe it may be informative to investors in gauging the quality of our financial performance, identifying trends and providing meaningful period-to-period comparisons. For a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures presented, please see the company's most recent Forms 10-Q and 10-K.

And with that, I'll hand the call over to David.

[David Mutryn, CFO, Principal Financial Officer & Treasurer]

Thanks, Madison. This morning, Maximus reported revenue for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, which increased 21.7% year-over-year to $1.15 billion. As expected, top line growth was driven primarily by the contributions from acquisitions in the U.S. Federal Services Segment and to a lesser extent, ramping of the start-ups in the Outside the U.S. Segment which includes the U.K. Restart Programme. On the bottom line for the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the operating income margin was 7.1% or 9.0%, excluding the expense for intangibles amortization. Diluted earnings per share were $0.85 or $1.12, excluding the amortization expense.

Our first quarter results were slightly better than anticipated, with some variability by segment. As a reminder, we expect a depressed earnings profile in the first half of the fiscal year, caused by delays in our core programs returning to pre-pandemic levels, as the COVID response work declines. Also, as previously noted, start-ups in the Outside the U.S. Segment, most notably, the U.K. Restart Programme, will continue to ramp with operating losses in the first half of fiscal 2022.

COVID response work delivered about $120 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 or about $40 million less than in the prior year period. While our organic revenue declined 3.5% in the quarter, adjusting for the COVID response work and the concluded Census contract, normalized organic growth would be approximately 9% year-over-year.

Let me pause here for a housekeeping item. Over the past 2 years, we've estimated revenue associated with COVID response work, recognizing that the large volume and the temporary nature are important to investors' understanding of our business. As the COVID pandemic continues and seems to be transitioning to an endemic, we are seeing some of this temporary work transition to longer-term work supporting our customers, in some cases, beyond work specifically supporting COVID response. Given this evolution and with the large bubble of short-term work behind us, we will be gradually moving away from tracking and estimating this in such detail.

I will now review financial results for the segments. The U.S. Services Segment delivered revenue of $386.4 million for the quarter, which was relatively flat year-over-year. COVID response work in the segment declined approximately $32 million from the prior year period. Normalized for the COVID work, revenue grew 12%. This was all organic and driven by ramping of new longer-term work. The segment operating income margin was 14.1%, as compared to 16.0% in the prior year. This segment exceeded our expectations modestly in the quarter, driven primarily by more short-term COVID response work.

Medicaid redeterminations remain paused due to the most recent public health emergency extension, which occurred on January 14 and will remain in effect for 90 days. Despite the extension, we still anticipate that redetermination activities should begin to resume in fiscal 2022. We have assumed a 1-month delay from our previous projection, meaning our outlook today assumes starting this work in the month of May 2022.

For the U.S. Federal Services Segment, first quarter fiscal 2022 revenue increased 43.6% to $581.9 million, driven primarily by contributions from the Attain Federal and VES acquisitions. The acquisitions occurred in the second and third quarter, respectively, of fiscal 2021. COVID response work in the segment declined approximately $8 million from the prior year period. On an organic basis, revenue declined 13% in the quarter. Adjusting for COVID response work and the concluded Census contract, normalized organic growth in the segment would be about 5% over the prior year period. The operating income margin for U.S. Federal Services was 10.6% in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 as compared to 7.5% in the prior year period. As expected, the recent acquisitions helped blend up the operating margin for the segment.

Turning to Outside the U.S. Segment. First quarter revenue increased 17.5% to $182.6 million. Ramping of the start-ups, including the U.K. Restart Programme, were the primary contributor to growth in the segment. The segment realized an operating loss of $9.5 million for the first quarter as compared to operating income of $4.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The prior year period was bolstered by above-average performance on job placement activities in Australia, as that country began to emerge from the pandemic. In this quarter, the start-ups that have planned losses upfront continued to ramp and are still projected to reach breakeven at the midpoint of fiscal 2022. This includes the U.K. Restart Programme, and Bruce will provide an update in his prepared remarks.

Let me touch on the balance sheet and cash flow items. As of December 31, 2021, we had gross debt of $1.61 billion, and we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $182 million. The ratio of debt net of allowed cash to pro forma EBITDA as calculated in accordance with our credit agreement is 2.5x. This compares to 2.3x at September 30, 2021. Cash used in operations totaled $3 million and free cash flow used was $9 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2022. These results reflect the anticipated increase in working capital, which included the payment of deferred payroll tax and was contemplated in our fiscal 2022 cash flow guidance. We had good cash collections and our DSO at December 31 was 67 days, putting us at the lower end of our target range of 65 to 80 days.

In terms of capital allocation, we continue to favor M&A as a means to drive long-term organic growth. Our M&A program continues to evaluate prospects while we remain prudent stewards of capital. This means being selective in our evaluations and maintaining our goal of reducing debt. We believe that our balance sheet and cash from operations provide us with good access to capital to fund acquisitions. Finally, we remain committed to future quarterly cash dividends and share purchases will continue to be made opportunistically.

Let's go to fiscal 2022 guidance and assumptions. We are raising top line guidance and now project revenue to be between $4.5 billion and $4.7 billion for the full fiscal year. Our earnings guidance remains unchanged. We expect diluted EPS to be between $4 and $4.30 and adjusted diluted EPS, which excludes intangibles amortization expense, to be between $5.07 and $5.37. Our intangibles amortization expense is projected to be approximately $90 million in fiscal 2022. Our cash flow guidance is unchanged, with cash flows from operations expected to range between $275 million and $325 million and free cash flow between $225 million and $275 million. We anticipate interest expense to be between $33 million and $35 million, the effective income tax rate between 25% and 26% and weighted average shares, absent share purchases, to be between $62.5 million and $62.6 million.

Our expectations for margins in the domestic segments are unchanged, with the U.S. Services Segment expected to be in the 13% to 14% range and the U.S. Federal Services margin to be in the 10% to 11% range for fiscal year 2022. For the Outside the U.S. Segment, we now expect the margin to be in the 1% to 3% range for the full year, reflecting our expectation that margin will improve in the second half of the fiscal year.

Let me provide some commentary on the updated guidance. Our top line forecast has increased, thanks largely to more COVID response work that we anticipate will benefit the first half of fiscal 2022. This stacks on top of the core business revenue projection and the assumed acquisition contribution, all of which remain largely unchanged from last quarter, reiterating our belief that the core business growth engine is running well. On the bottom line, the contribution from more COVID response work has been offset by some bottom line headwinds in our core business. In particular, the start to redeterminations is now expected to resume on or around May 1, as I mentioned.

Also, new core work related to fiscal 2021 awards is still on track to contribute revenue in fiscal 2022 but ramp at a more gradual rate. In addition, our employment services contracts in the U.K. and Australia have a reduced volume forecast due to the strength of the current labor market. The current earnings guidance can accommodate these dynamics, but we still face risk of further delays, in particular, related to the start of redetermination activities, which are outside of our control and may cause revenue and earnings to move to the right.

We currently project that the quarterly earnings profile is a little less steep than we estimated last quarter. We now forecast about 60% of our operating income and earnings to be realized in the second half of the fiscal year. This means we still expect depressed earnings in the second fiscal quarter, as COVID response work continues to taper down and the resumption of core programs remains delayed. We still expect to exit the year at a higher run rate following improved performance in the back half of fiscal 2022.

In closing, we remain optimistic about the future growth of the business, bolstered by our 2021 acquisition. While the COVID response work will continue to make for tougher year-over-year comparisons in the near term, underlying growth is accelerating as evidenced by the normalized organic growth of 9% in the quarter. And although exact timing is not entirely in our control, there remains a clear line of sight to margin improvement in all 3 segments.

And with that, I'll turn the call over to Bruce.

[Bruce Caswell, President, CEO & Director]

Thank you, David, and good morning, everyone. As David noted, we are seeing some additional COVID extension work in light of the Omicron variant and extended public health emergency, or PHE. This includes a recent CDC task order under our prior award, illustrating how we are a vendor of choice when there's an urgent, albeit short-term need from our clients. Overall, however, the nature of this work is changing and is providing positive proof points for our strategy of evolving COVID response work into new scope and extended relationships. We continue to position ourselves as a long-term public health partner, as government constituents and businesses learn to live with this ongoing pandemic. For instance, I'm pleased to share that included in our planned new work for fiscal year '22 is an award for a multiyear unemployment insurance contract with a state client, with an estimated total contract value or TCV of more than $100 million. Awards of this nature are underpinning the organic growth we are seeing in our core business.

As a further example, in the first quarter, we were awarded a new contract to support eligibility operations, including changes, intake and renewals for Medicaid by the Arkansas Department of Human Services, with a potential expansion to additional benefit program cases, through the state's phased migration implementation effort. This contract, which has a $68 million total contract value over 1 base year and 6 option years, is forecasted to contribute revenue beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. Our past work helping the state address the eligibility case inventory positioned us for this opportunity. Illustrating the strength of our brand as the go-to partner for government, awards such as this further position us to support states with the forthcoming end of the PHE or unwinding as it has come to be known.

Let me give a brief update on the Outside the U.S. Segment, where, as David mentioned, we are seeing varying conditions in the major economies in which we operate, such as the U.K. and Australia. Certain elements of our businesses outside the U.S. are operating at depressed levels as a result of the rise of the Omicron variant. Government policies, in many cases, suspend job seeker engagement obligations in these conditions, particularly for higher-risk populations such as the disabled, leading to lower labor force participation rates. In other cases, economic recovery has outpaced the models on which the programs were based, resulting in lower than anticipated unemployment rates. Taken together, employment services programs in some countries are seeing a reduced volume forecast due to these dynamics, and this includes the U.K. Restart and Australian jobactive programs. However, the first quarter illustrated that our Restart team is executing well, despite these uncontrollable labor market challenges.

Presently, referral volumes and job starts are performing across the market above our customers' revised expectations. As a result, we continue to expect to achieve breakeven in the second half of fiscal year '22. Together with other suppliers, we will continue to work with our customer in the coming months to bring clarity to this dynamic situation and the longer-term expectations for the program.

I will now turn to new awards and pipeline as of December 31. For the first quarter of fiscal 2022, signed awards were $454 million of total contract value at December 31, 2021, of which only a small portion includes short-term COVID work. Further, at December 31, there were another $1.16 billion worth of contracts that have been awarded but not yet signed.

Let's turn our attention to our pipeline of addressable sales opportunities. Our total contract value pipeline at December 31 was $33.2 billion, compared to $33.9 billion reported in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. The December 31 pipeline is comprised of approximately $8.9 billion in proposals pending, $2.4 billion in proposals in preparation and $21.8 billion in opportunities tracking. Of our total pipeline of sales opportunities, 62% represents new work. We continue to be pleased with the integration of our recent acquisitions. We are investing in VES with technology and people to support addressing the inventory of exams and future anticipated demand. Our team is focused on enhancing the veteran experience by working with partners on implementing best practices across the program.

As for the Attain Federal acquisition, we are executing on technology bids through the Alliant 2 contract vehicle, which is precisely what we hope to see by merging our 2 companies. Attain brought additional technology capabilities, while Maximus offers access to desirable contract vehicles that enable us to expand the business together.

Turning to Aidvantage. The delayed resumption of federal student loan repayment obligations now scheduled for May 1, helps us further prepare to support student loan borrowers and the FSA when the extended pause ends. In the meantime, we are, number one, training employees and establishing protocols that will help us meet or exceed new higher performance standards established by the FSA. And number two, reviewing and processing work on loans being transferred to Aidvantage to better ensure accuracy and ease the borrower transition to return to repayment experience. We are seeing these acquisitions together with organic growth in areas like Medicaid long-term care assessments, as evidence of successful execution on our 3-pronged strategy established in mid-2018.

As I mentioned last quarter, we are simultaneously looking forward at how we can further leverage our capabilities and expand our total addressable market. As a result, leadership across Maximus has been working diligently on the evolution of our longer-term 3- to 5-year strategy. We aim to ensure our strategic pillars, operational capabilities and organizational model are congruent with our plan to deliver ongoing shareholder value through reliable organic growth and margin expansion in the coming years. You can expect to see the next phase of our current strategy incorporate a continuation of key elements such as digital solutions to enhance the customer experience and clinical services to address evolving government priorities.

We also will provide additional clarity around our expanded vision for Maximus as a sought-after provider of innovative technology solutions that address the mission priorities of our government customers, particularly in the federal marketplace. I'm excited to share in more detail the next phase of our strategic growth plan at our upcoming Investor Day, which will shortly follow our second quarter fiscal year '22 earnings call. We continue to expect a solid second half of fiscal year '22, creating positive momentum into fiscal year '23.

As David has noted, we continue to operate in a very dynamic environment compared to the pre-pandemic period. While our expectations for fiscal 2022 would be negatively impacted by potential further changes in the timeline to unwind the PHE, so too are positive opportunities created to respond to the changing needs of our customers as was evidenced in this first quarter. In light of the Omicron variant and a hold on the Biden administration's vaccine mandate for businesses with more than 100 employees, we continue to prioritize employee and workplace safety and well-being as well as actively monitor guidance and update our procedures accordingly, as we have throughout the pandemic.

Additionally, over fiscal year 2021 and 2022, as many industries face labor market competition, including ours, we have invested in employee benefit enhancements, including our increased 401(k) match, expanded health benefits and our newly launched employee assistance fund to provide financial assistance when the unexpected occurs.

And with that, we will open the line for Q&A. Operator?

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions]. Our first question today is coming from Charlie Strauzer of CJS Securities.

[Charles Strauzer, CJS Securities]

I was wondering if you could walk us through a little bit more about the guidance. Obviously, you've got some increased revenue on the top line, but you kept EPS the same. I know you talked about some various factors underlying the kind of keeping that flat versus prior guidance. Maybe you could expand a little bit further on that and give us a little more color there.

[Bruce Caswell, President, CEO & Director]

Sure, Charlie, it's Bruce. Absolutely. David, please take over.

[David Mutryn, CFO, Principal Financial Officer & Treasurer]

Sure. As I mentioned on the call, the increase in revenue guidance is really driven by more contribution from COVID response work. And these have been offset on the bottom line by several headwinds in the core business. It's worth pointing out that the headwinds I mentioned tend to have a disproportionate bottom line impact. And those would include the delay in redeterminations caused by the PHE extension; the new non-COVID-related work that has started but is ramping at a slower rate; and third, the reduced forecast for employment services programs in the U.K. and Australia. That forecast was really the main driver behind us reducing the outside the U.S. full year margin guidance, which is now in the 1% to 3% range.

[James Francis, Senior Director, IR]

Charlie, do you have a follow-up?

[Charles Strauzer, CJS Securities]

Yes. On the PHE expansion into, what I think you said, May, how are you factoring in further potential delays in your guidance? And how could that potentially impact guidance going forward, if this was delayed?

[Bruce Caswell, President, CEO & Director]

So Charlie, it's Bruce. Why don't I start by just providing some context and a bit of an update. The PHE extension has gotten a lot of coverage recently. Most recently, in fact, on Tuesday, Politico ran a great article about this, talking about how 15 million Americans that are on Medicaid presently could face reductions in coverage. So let me catch folks up in terms of what we've been up to and what we're doing. Since the last quarter, we've spent a significant amount of time with our current state customers and others really assessing the state of readiness for what's become known now as -- in the jargon in the community as a PHE unwinding.

We've also engaged with CMS directly, as this is a big priority for the Biden administration. And what we're seeing interestingly is that a number of states are taking initial steps to prepare for the unwinding by verifying beneficiary information such as address and so forth through mailings and outreach and engagement without processing any case changes, with the expectation that case changes -- you wouldn't be able to begin processing case changes until the first of May. Because as you know, the current extension would extend through, I think, mid-April, April 16.

The level of activity that we're seeing across states is consistent, with an expectation that the PHE will unwind as of April 16. States will begin processing case actions as early as May and that ultimately, they can draw down, as you may recall, the enhanced federal matching funds, which were bumped up by 6.2% to the end of the quarter in which the PHE is unwound.

Interestingly, I saw some press yesterday where there was talk about like, let's get on with this, let's get -- let's unwind the PHE and even some discussion about whether Congress might decouple the Medicaid requirement for what's really -- underlying this is the maintenance investment requirement for Medicaid as part of the public health emergency, that Congress could consider decoupling that from other elements of the public health emergency, so that states could proceed. What states have asked for more than anything is clarity on when the date -- what the date certain will be when they begin to take these actions.

Now, how will states respond? Some states will work quickly to complete case actions and eligibility redeterminations to ensure program integrity of their Medicaid roles and move individuals off Medicaid if they no longer qualify. So I mean, a very short amount of time. Other states that we've talked to have said, we're going to run this as we would a normal redetermination process in any year and spread it out over 12 months. So that there's not a bulge in work for our workforce. All the while, it will be a significant increase in work.

They want to level load it, if you will, over the course of the year. The other final element to keep in mind is that the state systems that support the eligibility processes have to be modified in order to accommodate this suspension. And then they have to be, obviously, modified again to reactivate the processes and workflows and so forth to get redeterminations going. Often, it's easier for states to effectively restart a process that was well-established previously that may be level loaded over 12 months than necessarily modify systems even further to handle something in a short amount of time.

So with all that, it's a bit of a mixed bag in terms of state timing. I think the big lesson that we've been picking up is that this work is something that's going to extend through, in many instances, through the end of this fiscal year and into next year. So with that as background, I'll turn it over to David for more color, financially.

[David Mutryn, CFO, Principal Financial Officer & Treasurer]

Yes. Thanks, Bruce. So first, I would say, at this point in the year, another extension would likely put us at risk of not making guidance, given the short runway we have. So as we saw this quarter, higher levels of COVID response work helped offset the most recent delay, which was effectively a 1-month change from our prior assumption. We have cautioned that the PHE delay and the COVID response work are not necessarily 2 factors that coincide in timing. We do continue to view extensions as only delays to resuming the core work, recognizing that the redeterminations are really a fundamental part of the Medicaid programs. And then I'd echo what Bruce said that we see it now less of a short-term surge that we would expect, but more of a phasing end that would carry it well into 2023.

[James Francis, Senior Director, IR]

Thanks, Charlie. Operator, back to you. Next question please.

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions]. Our next question is coming from Donald Hooker of KeyBanc Capital Markets.

[Donald Hooker, KeyBanc Capital Markets]

I'm sorry, I was on mute. I apologize about that. I hope you can hear me now. I wanted to kind of step back and hear your perspective on kind of maybe -- kind of the, maybe the bigger picture growth rate you expect Maximus to be able to generate. I'm hearing from your prepared comments that it sounds like you're getting some nice conversion of some of that temporary COVID work into permanent work in some new areas with states. And I'm wondering, I mean, to what extent you can kind of maybe directionally kind of give us some direction around kind of what the right growth rate is for Maximus coming out of COVID?

[Bruce Caswell, President, CEO & Director]

Absolutely. Don, it's Bruce. Why don't I begin again by kind of setting the context and then ask David to provide some more specificity in terms of the growth rate itself. I'd begin by telling you that my bullishness on growth in our U.S. Federal Services Segment has not changed. We've already seen year-over-year organic growth from VES, and we expect that the team is going to continue to grow as planned as they have access to broader contract vehicles like Alliant 2, as I mentioned in my prepared remarks. Federal Marketplace is also the largest marketplace in the world, and we think there is meaningful open space for us to grow into.

More recently, I've also been very pleased with the organic growth that we've been able to generate in the U.S. Services Segment. And certainly, if we were to compare this to the pre-pandemic period. We've been capitalizing on new relationships and contracts over the past several years. As we've said before, we were able to pick up work with 15 different states doing unemployment insurance work. A good bit of that work has recently transitioned into more of a longer-term work, such as I mentioned in my prepared remarks. So those longer-term opportunities become a bit of the engine of organic growth in the U.S. Services Segment.

I'm also sensing that states are becoming more and more comfortable with the variable cost model that we provide and the accountability that we have to deliver outcomes, and we then become on top of mind for further work. So for example, historically, the labor departments really didn't work a lot with private partners like Maximus. And then, with the pandemic, they were enabled to do that through legislation that allows them the flexibility to contract with private partners. And now that they've had that experience, given what we see in the economy with tighter labor markets, workforce at the state level that is retiring or perhaps, disproportionately to other industries, inability, sometimes, to hire a more permanent workforce to handle seasonal demands and so forth for these programs, create a great environment for Maximus to help out.

And I would say that the work, for example, that we've been able to do in Arkansas is a direct reflection of, number one, successful prior work we did for that client, but also the core skill set that we have in areas related to citizen engagement, eligibility, data collection and eligibility determination for state programs, which, of course, are core needs of this PHE unwinding and will be on an ongoing basis in Medicaid and other programs well into the future.

So I'd summarize that by saying I don't think it's just current conditions that have created that growth -- that organic growth opportunity in the U.S. Services Segment, but more of a bit of a structural shift that's enabled states to become more comfortable with and desire contracting with a partner like Maximus. And I think that has the potential to deepen, given those underlying kind of policy, demographic, economic and labor market conditions that we see going forward.

So now, what does that mean in terms of growth rate, I'll turn it over to Dave.

[David Mutryn, CFO, Principal Financial Officer & Treasurer]

Sure. Thanks. I'll just add that we continue to target sustainable mid-single-digit organic growth in the long term, which we do believe our markets and our positioning support. That said, the normalized organic growth of 9% in the December quarter as well as our fiscal year '22 guidance suggests that we have line of sight to exceeding that level in the near term, albeit that's adjusted for the runoff of the short-term COVID work.

[James Francis, Senior Director, IR]

Thanks, Don. Do you have a follow-up?

[Donald Hooker, KeyBanc Capital Markets]

Great. Yes, I'll ask one more. On the cost side, how -- can you just maybe walk through your various contract structures and how you're protected against maybe some of the inflationary pressures we're seeing across a lot of the companies we cover?

[Bruce Caswell, President, CEO & Director]

Sure. We'd be happy to do that, Don. And in fact, why don't I begin by, again, providing a little market context and focus on labor market challenges, right? That's really the main area of process. So for us, right, it's a -- labor strictly is a verbalized cost. So in some -- and then David will add some more color. In some areas, we are seeing tightness in the labor market that's impacting our ability to attract and retain talent.

It's more of the case, we are finding with technical skills and clinical skills and less so in the core call center business and labor -- customer service representatives and so forth. There's a well-known nursing shortage, for example, out there that's very well documented. At the same time, I think Maximus has very much established itself as a very strong talent brand. And if anything, we've strengthened that over the last year with the benefits and programs that we quickly implemented to support and protect our people. We've been imagining new ways and implementing new ways of working that leverage our footprint differently, enable people to have a lot more flexibility and work from home in many instances.

And I think that better positions us over the longer term to be a very attractive employer for that kind of talent. I look for proof points and evidence of this all the time. And for example, we recently -- I mentioned briefly, we recently took on some additional work under our CDC contract to support the administration's priorities and we needed to, in the course of a week, higher 850 to 1,000 agents in a work-from-home model and manage them to handle calls, and that was not a problem whatsoever. So I feel good about our ability to attract talent.

I will say that we have to continually monitor and evaluate our risks and opportunities related to the labor market, and we focus on our human resources investment, try to position ourselves well as the employer of choice. But it is a more challenging market as it relates to technical consulting skills and clinical skills, we are seeing. David?

[David Mutryn, CFO, Principal Financial Officer & Treasurer]

Yes. The first thing I should add is that we did consider pressure from rising wages in our guidance range. The fact is that wages are rising across industries and our competitors face the same pressures, which does suggest that we should be able to price in higher wages over time. As far as the impact on our business, it does depend a bit on the skill set in question. On the technical talent side, the impact generally is the opportunity cost of lost billable hours on time and material contracts if not able to hire quickly. Whereas on the clinical side, the wage pressures and shortages of staff carry both the opportunity cost of foregone assessment volumes, which generally would just move to the right, and in some cases, margin pressure due to previously negotiated fixed unit rate. Again, to the best of our ability, we baked this into our guidance that we provided.

[James Francis, Senior Director, IR]

And thanks, Don. We're happy to take one more from you at this time. Otherwise, if you're good, I'll go back to the operator. We don't see anyone in the queue.

[Donald Hooker, KeyBanc Capital Markets]

I think I'm good for now. Thank you.

[James Francis, Senior Director, IR]

Great, thank you. Operator, back to you.

[Operator]

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your participation and interest in Maximus. You may disconnect your lines or log off the webcast at this time, and enjoy the rest of your day.