Korn Ferry

NYSE:KFY

Earnings Call Analysis

Earnings Call Transcript 2024-Q4

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Korn Ferry Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year-End April 30, 2024 Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Following the prepared remarks, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded for replay purposes. We have also made available in the Investor Relations section of our website at kornferry.com a copy of the financial presentation that we will be reviewing with you today.

Before we turn the call over to your host, Mr. Gary Burnison, let me first read a cautionary statement to investors. Certain statements made in the call today, such as those relating to future performance, plans and goals constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although the company believes the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements.

Actual results in future periods may differ materially from those currently expected or desired because of a number of risks and uncertainties, which are beyond the company's control. Additional information concerning such risks and uncertainties can be found in the release relating to this presentation and in the periodic and other reports filed by the company with the SEC, including the company's soon-to-be-filed annual report for fiscal year 2024.

Also, some of the comments today may reference non-GAAP financial measures such as constant currency amounts, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA. Additional information concerning these measures, including reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is contained in the financial presentation and earnings release relating to this call, both of which are posted in the Investor Relations section of the company's website at www.kornferry.com.

With that, I'll turn the call over to Gary Burnison. Please go ahead, Gary.

[Gary Burnison, executive]

Thanks, Leah. Good morning, good afternoon, everybody. Our team, I'm joined by Bob and Tiffany and Gregg. They'll get into the results in more detail. But the earnings and profitability were really strong in the fourth quarter. They increased year-over-year and sequentially. We came in with an adjusted EBITDA margin of over 16%, which is our fourth consecutive quarter of profitability improvement.

And in fact, when you adjust for the mix change of us getting into a brand-new business line that has a huge market opportunity for us Interim, our adjusted EBITDA margin is about 300 basis points higher than pre-pandemic levels and the revenue is way higher compared to 4 years ago, probably 35%, 40% higher for sure, much has changed over the last 4 years, not only in how we live, but also in how we relate to others and how we work.

The one thing that hasn't changed though is our purpose to enable people and organizations to be more of that. And as the premier organizational consulting firm in the world, we're a company that impacts the lives in terms of tens of thousands of people across thousands of organizations, a company that continues to innovate and align our business to help our clients perform and transform a company Korn Ferry that sits at the intersection of a client's business strategy, their talent to ultimately drive superior performance.

It's clear that our strategy is working, the cyclically sensitive talent acquisition offerings are being buoyed by growth, instability from our diversified offerings, particularly Consulting, although that's complemented by Digital, they both generated very, very solid performance during the year. It all begins with data. 109 million assessments we've done, 6 million professionals developed, 1 million people put to work more than 10,000 success profiles, compensation information on 30 million professionals, covering 30,000 organizations around the world.

And more importantly, our incredible colleagues who transform that data into unique and scalable insights and compelling solutions for our clients and nowhere is that more pronounced than in our marquee and regional account program, which represents 37% of our portfolio, for the fiscal year. And these accounts benefit from the breadth and depth of all things Korn Ferry, from our IPA to our full suite of offerings to the expertise of our colleagues.

And to put that into perspective, today, the growth from these accounts is outpacing the rest of the company. And almost all of our marquee clients use at least 3 of our business lines, which is a key contributor to our success in cross line of business referrals, and we exited the year at about 26% of total fee revenue in cross-business referrals.

In everything we do, we are really striving hard to work more interdependently, more horizontally, less vertically, scaling our data insights and offerings, our purpose, our vision, strategy, I think, really put us at the threshold of even greater opportunity regardless of the environment from one cycle to the next.

So with that, very high-level overview, I will now turn it over to Bob.

[Robert Rozek, executive]

Great. Thanks, Gary, and good afternoon or good morning. We ended fiscal year '24 on a high note, generating $691 million of fee revenue in the fourth quarter, and that was at the upper end of our guidance. And more importantly, we delivered really strong earnings and profitability, adjusted EBITDA over $112 million at a 16.3% margin, and that margin is up nearly 300 basis points year-over-year.

Additionally, our adjusted fully diluted earnings per share were $1.26, and GAAP fully diluted earnings per share were $1.24. As Gary indicated, the fourth quarter marked a full year of quarter sequential margin expansion. And it really highlights our strong cost management and improvements in our consultant and execution staff productivity. Overall, fiscal '24 was another example of the success of our long-term diversification strategy and really a clear demonstration of the relevancy of our solutions.

Additionally, our growing earnings power in today's environment, which is pretty challenging, also demonstrates the resilience of our business model and the diligent execution of our strategy by all of our colleagues. Now let's take a step back and look at the pieces that really help shape the year. One of our key growth drivers, marquee and regional accounts, which represents over $1 billion or 37% of our FY '24 total fee revenue grew 3%, even though our overall business was down 3% for the full year, year-over-year.

These accounts include many of our largest clients with several accounts exceeding $10 million in annual fee revenue. And those are the accounts or clients that are consuming multiple lines of our business. Two of our less cyclical segments Consulting and Digital, both reached all-time highs in fee revenue for all of fiscal '24, underscoring both relevance and durability of their solution sets.

Additionally, our full year average bill rate for Consulting increased 11% year-over-year, and we exited the year at $437 per hour. Now across the business, consultant and execution staff productivity continue to improve. Our productivity in the fourth quarter, measured by fee revenue per headcount was up 31% versus the third quarter of FY '20, which is a quarter right before the pandemic hit. And finally, fee revenue generated by cross line of business referrals was about 25% of total fee revenue in FY '24, and it grew sequentially in both Q3 and Q4, and as Gary mentioned, we exited the year at about 26%.

All of these are important factors that help drive stability in our fee revenue despite the cyclical moderation in the talent acquisition market. And there are also key factors in driving the improvement in our earnings and profitability throughout fiscal year '24. Last, I'd like to provide an update on our capital deployment.

Return of capital to shareholders has been a priority for Korn Ferry. And in fiscal '24, we returned $107 million to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. In the fourth quarter, we repurchased approximately $23 million worth of stock. It's about 365,000 shares, brought our total share repurchases for FY '24 to about 930,000 shares.

In addition to the 83% increase in our dividend earlier this year, our Board has just approved another increase in our dividend of $0.04 per share, it's about 12% increase, and that brings our quarterly dividend to $0.37 per share, which is actually double what it was at the beginning of the year. All of our capital allocation initiatives really speak to the confidence we have in the outlook for our business and our future earnings power.

Now I'm going to turn it over to Gregg, who will take you through some overall company financial highlights.

[Gregg Kvochak, executive]

Okay. Thanks, Bob. Fee revenue in the fourth quarter grew to $691 million with a seasonally strong and stable demand for Consulting and Digital complementing seasonally strong and stabilizing revenue for our Permanent Placement talent acquisition solutions. By the line of business, consulting fee revenue grew 4% year-over-year, Digital was flat and fee revenue for our talent acquisition solutions of Executive Search, Professional Search and Interim and RPO combined were down 10% year-over-year, but up 1% sequentially.

Within talent acquisition, Executive Search was down 6% year-over-year and flat sequentially. The Permanent Placement portion of PFI was down 10% year-over-year and up 7% sequentially. RPO was down 10% year-over-year and up 10% sequentially, while the Interim portion of PFI was down 18% year-over-year but down only 8% sequentially.

Consolidated new business in the fourth quarter excluding RPO was down 2% year-over-year at constant currency. Like fee revenue, stable new business growth in Consulting, Digital and Executive Search was offset by slower demand for Professional Search and Interim solutions.

At constant currency, Consulting new business was flat year-over-year, Digital was up 4%, executive search was up 1% and Professional Search and Interim was down 12% with Permanent Placement stable and essentially flat year-over-year and Interim off 14%.

For RPO, new business in the fourth quarter was strong at $128 million, which includes $61 million of renewals and extensions and $67 million of new logo wins. As Bob said, earnings and profitability were higher in the fourth quarter, driven by strong cost control and greater consultant and execution staff productivity across all lines of business.

Adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter grew $14 million or 15% year-over-year and was up $111 or 10% sequentially to over $112 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin grew to 16.3% in the fourth quarter and has now improved sequentially for 4 consecutive quarters.

Adjusted fully diluted earnings per share in the fourth quarter were $1.26, up $0.25 or 25% year-over-year and up 18% sequentially. Fully diluted earnings per share measured by GAAP were $1.24 in the fourth quarter. The fourth quarter was positively impacted by a lower tax rate of 24.6%, which benefited both adjusted and GAAP fully diluted earnings per share by approximately $0.04 to $0.05.

Our investable cash position at the end of the fourth quarter grew $110 million sequentially to $606 million. Our capital allocation continues to be balanced. For all of fiscal '24, we deployed $172 million of cash, investing $47 million in capital expenditures, using $19 million for debt service and returning $107 million to shareholders and combined dividends and share repurchases.

With that, I'll turn the call over to Tiffany to review our operating segments in more detail.

[Tiffany Louder, executive]

Thanks, Gregg. Starting with KF Digital. Global fee revenue in the fourth quarter was $91 million, which was flat year-over-year at actual rates and up 1% at constant currency. Digital subscription and license fee revenue in the fourth quarter was $33 million, which was approximately 36% of fee revenue for the quarter and up 3% year-over-year. Global new business for KF Digital was $104 million, with $39 million or 37% of the total tied to subscription and license sales. The overall pipeline for Digital remains strong as we head into the next fiscal year.

For Consulting, fee revenue in the fourth quarter was $182 million, which was up approximately 4% year-over-year at actual rates and up 5% at constant currency and an all-time high for the segment. Fee revenue growth was strongest in assessment and succession, which increased 10% year-over-year.

Consulting's average hourly bill rate remained in line with the previous quarter and is up $47 an hour or 12% from 1 year ago. Adjusted EBITDA margins continued to improve, increasing 110 basis points sequentially and by 380 basis points year-over-year, driven by a mix of higher billing rates and increased utilization rates.

Additionally, global new business for Consulting in the fourth quarter was essentially flat year-over-year and strongest in North America with 5% growth. Total fee revenue in Professional Search and Interim in the fourth quarter was $129 million, down $23 million or 15% year-over-year. Breaking down the quarter, year-over-year softness in fee revenue was industry-wide slowdown in the Interim business. Interim fee revenue was $73 million for the quarter, which was down $16.5 million or 18% year-over-year and down 11% when excluding a onetime client engagement wind down.

Despite the slowdown in demand, Interim's average hourly bill rate has increased to $129 per hour, which is up $5 an hour or 4% from 1 year ago, reflective of the added value of being part of the broader Korn Ferry ecosystem. Professional Search and Permanent Placement fee revenue of $56 million was down $7 million or 11% year-over-year, but was up $4 million or about 8% sequentially.

Also, Professional Search consultant productivity is up both year-over-year and sequentially to approximately $670,000 annualized. New business for the combined segment during the quarter was down 12% year-over-year, but essentially flat sequentially.

Moving on to recruitment process outsourcing. New business for the fourth quarter was $128 million, comprised of $67 million of new logos and $61 million of renewals and extensions. Fee revenue in the fourth quarter totaled $89 million, which was down $111 million or 10% year-over-year at actual rates and at constant currency, but up $8 million or 10% sequentially.

Fee revenue was impacted by a moderation in hiring volume within the existing base of contracts as well as recruit or labor hoarding conditions, which have continued in the market. Although the timing of new business can be lumpy, we believe RPO is well positioned to benefit when client hiring returns to more normalized levels.

The pipeline remains strong as RPO continues to renew existing clients and win new business with a differentiated service offering in the marketplace. Finally, global fee revenue for Executive Search in the fourth quarter was $199 million, down 7% at actual and 6% at constant currency. Global demand for Executive Search has been stable with each of the last 4 quarters of fee revenue near $200 million. Additionally, Consulting productivity continues to improve, contributing to higher EBITDA, almost $46 million and an adjusted EBITDA margin of 22.9%.

I will now turn the call back over to Bob to discuss our outlook for the first quarter of fiscal '25.

[Robert Rozek, executive]

That's great. Thanks, Tiffany. In recent months, new business growth trends have continued to be a little bit choppy. In the fourth quarter, new business improved each consecutive month starting in February and concluding with April up 4% year-over-year, which kind of brought the full quarter essentially in line with our expectations. Starting fiscal year '25, May new business was also essentially in line with our expectations.

Assuming normal historical seasonal patterns, we fully expect new business in June to grow sequentially and for July to be essentially flat to slightly down with June. Additionally, in line with normal seasonality, we're expecting both Consulting and Digital -- the growth for Q1 to be down sequentially, but to remain stable, measured year-over-year. And for our talent acquisition services, we expect the normal Q4 to Q1 seasonality given what we're seeing in the current market conditions today.

Now assuming no further changes in worldwide geopolitical conditions, economic conditions, financial markets, foreign exchange rates, we expect fee revenue in the first quarter of fiscal '25 to range from $655 million to $675 million, our adjusted EBITDA margin to remain approximately 15.8% to 16.2%, and our consolidated adjusted diluted earnings per share to range from $1.07 to a $1.17. And finally, our GAAP diluted earnings per share to range from $1.05 to a $1.15.

Now in closing, we continue to focus on the execution of our strategy, which obviously is becoming the preeminent organizational consulting firm. We have a tremendous opportunity ahead and are going to continue to drive initiatives that will generate growth.

First, continuing to focus our go-to-market and our marquee and regional accounts, really looking to drive more clients at scale, continuing to drive top line synergies with our cross line of business referrals. We recently enhanced and expanded the incentives.

We're going to continue to capitalize on both our core and integrated solution, how relevant they are in today's world, continue to execute on initiatives to drive growth for Digital, including the creation of one delivery platform to improve client consumption and consultant execution efficiency and with a continued focus on large subscription and license deals.

As Gary mentioned, we want to maximize unique client-specific insights that we're able to draw from our rich repository of data. And last, developing what we call the next level of One Korn Ferry consultants. These are fee earners who are skilled at bringing all of our firm's resources to help our clients solve their most pressing human capital needs.

Now the world that we live in today is full of contradicting uncertainties and challenges. As a management team, we are relentlessly focused on influencing what we can control including balancing the maintenance of our cost base and productivity to maintain our profitability while making appropriately timed investments to position the firm for long-term growth. As I always say, we're at the beginning of what's going to be a very long ball game. And I truly believe our best is yet to come.

With that, we would be glad to answer any questions you may have.

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions] We go to the line of George Tong with Goldman Sachs.

[Keen Fai Tong, analyst]

You talked about cyclical moderation in the talent acquisition market. Can you elaborate on trends that you're seeing in your cyclically sensitive businesses?

[Gary Burnison, executive]

I would say that it's been -- the good news is what we shared in the last quarterly call was that we would expect that RPO would see some improvement, which it did. And as you know, depending on what part of employment services you're talking about, comparables could be down anywhere from 8% or 9% to 28%. Clearly, what we've seen over the last several months is definitely stabilization. Some improvement in RPO. And also, as we talked about last quarter, we thought we would see some improvement in Perm in professional recruiting.

So what you've seen is our Professional Search business up sequentially. Executive Search is essentially flat the last several months. RPO, although down year-over-year, it was -- it's definitely improved and new business has been flat sequentially. And the other thing we talked about with the RPO business is we thought we would see a shift more towards new logos. And that actually materialized in the quarter.

[Keen Fai Tong, analyst]

Got it. That's helpful context. And then with respect to profitability, you delivered over 16% EBITDA margins in the quarter, which meaningfully outperformed your guidance. Can you talk about what drove the outperformance versus your initial expectations? And how sustainable these margins are?

[Gary Burnison, executive]

Well, how sustainable depends on the economic environment that we're handling. We've guided for this next quarter at the midpoint. We think revenue, we're guiding down 5%, 6% over year midpoint of the guide, and we're guiding to a 16% EBITDA margin at that revenue level. One of the things we're really proud of is the fact that the revenue is up 35%, 40% since the pandemic, that was an all-time high, by the way, pre-pandemic revenue levels was an all-time high for Korn Ferry at that point.

And our revenue now is 35%, 40% higher and our profitability once you adjust for the mix change, getting into a bigger market of Interim is up 300 basis points. So at this level of revenue, it's certainly sustainable. And at the same time, we're investing and returning cash to shareholders. As Bob said, we doubled -- we've doubled the dividend now over the last year, and we continue to systematically repurchase stock.

[Operator]

Next, we go to the line of Mark Marcon with Baird.

[Mark Marcon, analyst]

Gary, Bob, Gregg, Tiffany, congrats on a really nice margin performance and sustaining the profitability. One, I'm going to take George's question, but flip it around a little bit. So you're able to do these margins while revenue is still kind of choppy. The outlook is still kind of choppy. How should we think about the margins when things eventually end up being a little bit more stable?

[Gary Burnison, executive]

Well, stable is a relative term. I mean, I think if there are economic tailwinds, you're going to see a couple of hundred basis points of margin improvement for sure. And that's kind of what -- that's been our kind of long-term guide. We think in this kind of environment where most economies are still producing jobs that we can comfortably operate the firm at 15.5%, 16% EBITDA margins, and we're guiding towards the higher end of that for this next quarter, Mark.

[Mark Marcon, analyst]

Great. And then you've had a lot of success with regards to changing the incentives. And it's been something, Gary, that you've worked a long time on in terms of getting the cross-selling motion up. When you think about where we are today relative to aspirations for 2 to 5 years from now in terms of that cross-selling motion, what inning are we in, how much better can we become, do you think?

[Gary Burnison, executive]

No, I think we're like in the second inning. I mean we're not crawling anymore, but we're not running. We've just started to walk. I think we could do a lot more. We have to think much more horizontally. The interesting thing is when we first met, Mark, and at that point, when we got into this leadership business, we were doing engagement sizes of $5,000 or $6,000.

I mean the interesting thing now is the pivot towards transformational consulting engagements. I mean, probably 40% of our new business this year are $1 million engagements. So what comes with that is definitely more stability. The ability to leverage, to deploy leverage, having a real impact on clients, but I'll tell you, we're at the beginning of -- and we have to move from cross referrals to more integrated solutions.

But I just think -- I look at some of the work we're doing, it's definitely the beginning. I mean the Consulting and Digital businesses have clearly been a huge, huge differentiator for Korn Ferry. So yes, I think we can do more. That cross referral percentage, could that be 35%? Yes, it could be 35% for sure. But we have to continue to innovate in terms of the solution sets and continue to modify how we reward our colleagues.

[Robert Rozek, executive]

Mark, it's Bob. Just maybe a little bit more context on that. So if you look at the Consulting new business in FY '24 for the full year versus FY '23, engagements that are kind of close to or above $1 million. Those were up 36% year-over-year. So you can see the strategy clearly working in terms of the push towards no more point solutions, but really selling integrated solutions that help solve clients' human capital needs.

[Mark Marcon, analyst]

Great. And then on Professional Search and Interim, and then I'll jump back in the queue. But on Professional Search and Interim, for everybody who follows the space, it is a -- it's been a tough market. And particularly on the Interim side, we've been seeing declines across the Board. I'm wondering, do you think on the Interim side that things are stabilizing? And how would you characterize the differences between your various Interim businesses.

And so what they're seeing from a top line perspective, but yet you're able to maintain and improve the margins, which is pretty amazing. What are you doing to get the margins up while the revenues declining as much as it is, and it's doing the same thing for everybody. And then as a follow-up to that, how -- given the current economic environment, how does that impact your desire in the short term to make investments in Interim or Permanent?

[Gary Burnison, executive]

We would continue to make investments in Interim. We made a conscious decision about almost a year ago that we were going to modify the -- where we were replacing emphasis on our Professional Search business. And so if you were to look at the data on the number of consultants we have in that business, you would find that it's down significantly. And we made portfolio switches. And we said, okay, let's go to this industry versus that industry. That was absolutely a conscious decision that we made, and that's paid off.

The interesting thing about the temp penetration rate now is 1.7%. The 25-year average is 1.86%. I think the next 3 to 5 years are going to -- I think there's going to be major talent issues. It's so-called Peak 65, where over the next 4 to 5 years, kind of the last of the baby boomers are retiring or should be retiring statistically.

And you could lose 4 million people a year in the United States alone or maybe it's higher. The economy right now is producing about 1.8 million jobs, at this run rate. So there's really some imbalances when you look out 3, 4, 5 years that could bode very, very well. Your question around the Interim we saw at first, a decline in technology. Interim, we've got definitely stabilized. Then over the more recent months, we saw a decline in finance and accounting.

The temp penetration rate, it's been falling for 27 months and counting. Generally, when you see a fall in temp employment, it generally means that it's going to have an impact on the labor market. And you just look back historically, and those lag times have definitely become longer. Assuming there's not some major event, I'm not so sure this is going to turn upside down. I just think there's tremendous demographic pressure on the other end here.

And I think it's the case for not only the United States, but some other countries. We would absolutely -- we are going to make investments in the Interim business for sure. We've seen the power of the Korn Ferry brand. And the number of cross referrals we've had, it's a much, much, much bigger market opportunity. Clearly, the margin profile is different. We're going to stay towards the higher end. This quarter we did -- the average rate was like $129 an hour. We're going to -- for sure, are going to stay at the upper end, but it's -- there's more market opportunity there for Korn Ferry.

[Robert Rozek, executive]

Mark, this is Bob. I can touch on the -- you asked the question about how we make those businesses profitable. And we've talked about this in the past. So we have incredible integration playbook. When you look at these companies when we buy them, the adjusted EBITDA is somewhere around 8%. And we built a company that's plug and play, right? So we have common systems, common processes, common controls across the globe. And a lot of these businesses we buy, they're underinvested maybe not as well managed, and we just literally pick them up and plug them into our systems and our processes.

And so by doing that, it allows us to bring the EBITDA margin up into the kind of 12%, 13%, 14% range relatively quickly. And then as the go-to-market activity become more and more integrated, and we start to see the referral activity elevate the top line, that's when you really see the juice happening.

[Operator]

Next, we have a question from Tobey Sommer with Truist Securities.

[Jack Wilson, analyst]

This is Jack Wilson on for Tobey. Maybe just start out. So the continued momentum in new business in Digital, is that a product of sort of a change in the market or change in what you're doing? Could you just dig into that a little bit?

[Gary Burnison, executive]

Well, some of it can be lumpy for sure. So I wouldn't read too much into that. The thing that we would hope is that this tremendous IP that we have that we could really monetize it. I mean it's not a small business today, $360 million. It's the most profitable part of Korn Ferry. You can really impact a client organization, you can change thousands of people's lives.

So it is one that we strongly believe in. It is one where we are trying to get the entire firm to push those offerings to solve client problems. The offerings are largely centered around an organization what they do around professional development and learning which is one of the biggest markets that we could go after.

It's anchored around compensation, how organizations compensate people and it's anchored around a company's sales force, how do they improve their sales effectiveness. But it's also -- we've got legacy products, digital offerings as well around, say, assessment or design, how you set up an organization.

People can license our intellectual property to do spans and layers and the whole thing. So it is one that we do believe in. We are working very hard to get the entire Korn Ferry to be in the market with those digital solutions. We're working quite heavily on a platform and we're also working to create a better ecosystem of partners.

Because if you look at, for example, the big 4 consulting firms, they enjoy an ecosystem of partners that bring them hundreds of millions of dollars of revenue a year. And we sit here and look at our intellectual property of 109 million assessments, 30 million -- comp data on 30 million people, and we say, why not us? We think it can be a huge differentiator, and we continue to work hard on creating an ecosystem with partners that can make our journey of the next mountain easier.

[Robert Rozek, executive]

And Jack, this is Bob. Just one other point I would make on that is as you think about the Digital business going forward, Gary had mentioned, I had mentioned earlier in Consulting, selling larger engagements. And the same thing is happening in Digital, right? We're now selling $3 million, $4 million, $5 million deals that span multiple years.

And so Gary mentioned, you might see some choppiness. So you get 3 or 4 of those in the quarter and then in the next quarter, you might get 5 or 6. So it's kind of like what you see with RPO. RPO signs a huge contract in one quarter, and you'll see the new business spike up. But to me, the key there is that we are selling larger multiyear deals, $3 million, $4 million, $5 million deals versus point solutions. And so as you think about that going forward, that will influence what we report as new business as well.

[Gary Burnison, executive]

Yes. And I think, Bob, too, the other thing is that, that intellectual property, that chassis if you will, of our digital capabilities actually fuels a good part of our RPO business and a good part of our Consulting business. And in fact, we use that same IP for the recruiting businesses.

[Robert Rozek, executive]

That's right. It permeates everything we do.

[Jack Wilson, analyst]

All right. And then maybe one more for me. I think you've previously spoken about using AI as more of a growth driver than, I guess, a cost reducer. Can you throw some more color on sort of are there any specific business lines you see that as a key driver?

[Gary Burnison, executive]

Nobody knows where this thing is going. We are very concerned about the ethical ramifications. We've developed 6 million people over the last few years. We put somebody in a new job every 3 minutes. We use IP all over the place. We are spending an awful lot of time to make sure that whatever we do in the area that we're building a moat around our data. And so we're very, very systematic there.

Yes, we are using it in some of the coaching, some of the assessment. And over time, we will look at how we can make the entire Korn Ferry more efficient. But that's not in this next quarter. Our primary concerns right now are, where can we be disintermediated, what are the ethical issues around this and let's use it in a couple of solution areas. That's where we are right now.

[Operator]

Next, we go to Trevor Romeo with William Blair.

[Trevor Romeo, analyst]

I know we've had several margin questions already, but I just wanted to ask another one a bit differently given the outperformance there. I think from most of the segments you're running at a lower headcount than you had been kind of a year ago that type of time frame yet seeing kind of much better productivity and higher bill rates for a lot of the segments. So just wondering if you could talk a bit more about which specific productivity initiatives you've implemented recently and which are starting to really pay off now and how much further you can improve on those productivity metrics.

[Gary Burnison, executive]

Well, look, we do think there's room to go. Part of the improvement comes from clearly, technology, as Bob indicated, around platforms and the like. And I think he covered that really well. The other, though, over time here, like take our Consulting business, so as we do more impactful multimillion-dollar engagements, the firm will see better scale, better productivity. And I think it's bearing out in the numbers.

On the Interim side, we definitely want to stay at a certain level. And I'm not going to sit there and say, you're going to see gigantic productivity there. We've made some huge, huge strides over the last 15 months. So I'm not going to sit -- I'm not going to say there's a long ways to go there. But I think it's a combination of our technology that we're using and the go-to-market strategy as it relates to Consulting and Digital.

[Trevor Romeo, analyst]

That makes a lot of sense. And then just another one kind of on the overall demand environment, some of the green shoots that you talked about last quarter and the cyclical businesses. But maybe specific to search, I think your revenue was kind of flattish sequentially, maybe not quite as strong of an uptick as a few of the other competitors may have reported recently. Just kind of wondering if you could speak about the demand environment specific to search, whether you're still seeing those green shoots and whether they're stronger or weaker or about the same as last quarter?

[Gary Burnison, executive]

I think they're about the same. I mean, what we talked about last quarter was that we would expect to see some uptick in Professional Search, and we said we would see an improvement in RPO. And that's absolutely happened. You step back from all of this and we're clearly in the middle of a multi-quarter reset. And companies are adapting to a rate environment that is 2.5x what it was and people haven't seen this for 25 years.

And I don't see in the near term, in the next few months, I don't really see much changing. I think the really encouraging news though when you look out at megatrends is what I touched upon a little bit, just take the United States labor force. I mean it's not going to be too long. I think right now, 19% of the population is retired in America, that could go to 20% at some -- for every person that's retired today, you got 2 workers, that's going to change.

And with this Peak 65 and baby boomers, you look at it and you look at some other countries and you say, wow, there's a real demographic issue there. And so how do companies deal with that demographic issue? And so part of that is going to be through technology, but part of it is going to be with the kind of services that we actually deliver and then we're building our firm for.

So I look at the megatrend around demographics, and I say that's really, really good news. Again, absent some unforeseen event that could happen. So I look out and say, I think there's going to continue to be this concept of labor holding. But I'm more encouraged than not longer term on what the demographic trends mean for Korn Ferry.

[Operator]

And our final question will come from Karan Singhania with UBS.

[Karandeep Singhania, analyst]

This is Karan on for Josh. So I had a question on Executive Search. With Executive Search seeing positive new business growth and new engagements, do you think it's going to return to growth in the first quarter? And if so which regions...

[Gary Burnison, executive]

No, no, no. This environment -- we're in a very, very -- every company is in an incredibly difficult environment. There is a fight for growth. There is a fight for relevancy. The winners are going to be those companies that invest in 2 or 3 areas that are going to accelerate them through the turn. And that's what Korn Ferry is doing. I think the labor market in the United States is not going to change materially.

I don't think there's going to be huge adjustments to interest rates. Costs for most Americans have gone up 35% to 40%. Wages have not gone up that much. And so I think realistically, if you're only looking a quarter, which is quite myopic, I think it's going to be kind of the environment that we're in.

Now does that -- that certainly doesn't say that we can't take market share. When I look at the things that we're doing around the globe, we have never ever done more high-impact assignments ever. And so I look at that and say, "Wow, that is incredible, incredible news." Is there -- if there is economic tailwind, can Executive Search get on a completely different trajectory? Absolutely.

Do we have the best people in the industry? Absolutely. Is there room to go? For sure. But if your question is 2 or 3 months, no. I mean it's -- you're in the environment you're in. And great companies make their best moves in these kinds of economic climates, and that's what we're going to do.

[Operator]

And speakers, that does conclude our question-and-answer session. I'll be turning the conference back to you for closing remarks.

[Gary Burnison, executive]

Okay. Thank you for joining us and for taking an interest. I think we have done the thing I'm most proud of is that when we say something, we do it. And you have an organization that has tremendous colleagues, tremendous reach around the world and a really, really solid leadership team. We're everywhere where you want to be in every industry, and we're building solutions that matter, particularly over the next 5 years. So with that, thank you, and we'll talk to you next time.

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, this conference call will be available for replay for 1 week starting today at 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time running through June 21, 2024 at midnight. You may access the AT&T executive playback service by dialing [phone] and entering the access code 5486-987. International participants may dial [phone]. Additionally, the replay will be available for playback at the company's website www.kornferry.com in the Investor Relations section. And that does conclude your conference for today. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.