Enfusion Inc
NYSE:ENFN
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Enfusion Inc
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Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to Enfusion's First Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded.
I'd now like to turn the call over to Ignatius Njoku, Head of Investor Relations, to begin.
Good morning, and thank you, Operator. We welcome you to Enfusion's first quarter 2023 earnings conference call. Hosting today's call are Oleg Movchan, Enfusion's Chief Executive Officer, and Brad Herring, Enfusion's Chief Financial Officer.
Please note, our quarterly shareholder letter, which includes our quarterly financial results, have all been posted to our IR website. I'd like to remind you that today's call may contain forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those set forth in our filings with the SEC and are available in the Investor Relations section on our website.
Actual results may differ materially from any forward-looking statements we make today. These forward-looking statements speak only as of today, and the company does not assume any obligation or intent to update them following today's call, except as required by law.
In addition, today's call may include non-GAAP measures. These GAAP measures should be considered as a supplement to and not a substitute for GAAP financial measures. Reconciliation to the nearest GAAP measure can be found in today's quarterly shareholder letter, which is available on the company's website.
With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Oleg to begin.
Good morning, and thank you all for joining us today to discuss our first quarter 2023 results. I'm happy to announce another strong quarter for Enfusion. Our business performed in line with our expectations for both revenue and profitability despite ongoing macroeconomic and market uncertainty.
Enfusion continues to capture hearts and minds of both new and existing clients across all investment strategies, asset classes and regions. We are focused on enhancing and protecting our unique competitive advantage centered around the best-in-class software and services offering.
This model is the strategic foundation of our ability to unlock new and adjacent market segments with an alternative investment space, increase our market share with traditional investment managers, and expand our global footprint. Despite historically extreme negative performance across all asset classes last year and ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty, our business has delivered strong outcomes this quarter.
However, we are seeing now in real time, a more challenging environment for the investment management industry as it is dealing with unique market dynamics. Predictably, the managers are recalibrating budgets, reviewing technology spending, and delaying their purchasing decisions. As anticipated and discussed on the last quarter's earnings call, all these factors contributed to some short-term headwinds in our business.
Importantly, however, this market environment is not unfamiliar to us. It is precisely during times like this when Enfusion's business model tends to prove its flexibility and resilience, and we tend to use these situations as opportunities to amplify growth and accelerate market share expansion.
This year is no exception. We will continue to take business away from stale, inefficient and expensive legacy technologies in competitive situations. We are doubling down on scaling our competitive edge by delivering unparalleled technology and best-in-class client experience to the investment managers and asset owners globally. Our ability to execute on the strategy will unquestionably drive exceptional shareholder value for many years to come.
Now let me walk you through the key highlights of our financial performance for the quarter. Revenue grew 20% to $41 million, reflecting resilient client demand for our software and services. Adjusted EBITDA was $5.7 million and represented a margin of 13.9%. ARR grew 21% year-over-year to $167 million. I will let Brad Herring unpack our financial results and provide more color.
I'm especially proud of our team's focus on driving operational excellence, optimizing operational efficiencies and ongoing expense discipline. All these efforts combined with the built-in business flexibility, enabled us to maintain our strong margin profile.
Now I would like to highlight a few strategic new wins that bring our vision to life across all regions. In the U.S., revenue grew 16% year-over-year, which reflects the market dynamics outlined above. I'm delighted to announce that we signed an agreement with a multibillion dollar new hedge fund, one of the largest hedge fund launches year-to-date.
The firm was looking for a technology platform that supports its unique special situations investment framework, which includes strategies such as loan origination and direct lending and involves equities, equity derivatives, corporate debt, and credit derivatives.
The fund manager partnered with Enfusion because of our ability to support their investment mandate across a broad set of asset classes and instrument types, platform flexibility, and its comprehensive and fully integrated end-to-end architecture. This partnership delivers more evidence of our ability to win large and complex hedge fund launches in this environment.
In EMEA, revenue grew 37% year-over-year, driven by solid sales execution and aided by ongoing strength in the region, particularly in the Middle East. I'm excited to announce that we signed a marquee deal with a London-based investment management arm of a well-known global venture capital fund. This alternative investment manager with over $20 billion in AUM, manages multiple portfolios of late-stage private and public companies.
In this conversion, Enfusion is replacing the pieced-together outdated technology mix with our fully integrated and robust cloud native offering that supports all front, middle, back-office requirements of the client. The fund manager selected Enfusion because of our ability to support both public and private investments, cloud capabilities and managed services offering.
In addition, I'm also pleased to announce that we entered into an agreement with a newly launched global macro and credit fund to provide a powerful solution that offers a complete set of front-to-back functionality. We are particularly excited about this deal because it was the first fund sourced through a broader relationship with a dedicated managed account platform, Innocap Global Investment Management.
Innocap is another example of how dedicated separately managed account platforms can quickly and efficiently launch new alternative investment vehicles using Enfusion's scalable and flexible cloud native end-to-end technology. As a result, the client can focus on generating alpha and Innocap can direct their efforts on investment sourcing and structuring, portfolio construction, risk management, and dedicated account management. We believe this is one of many investment managers that will be sourced through our relationship with Innocap and we continue to see investor demand for scalable multi-manager, multi-strategy products delivered through either SMAs or commingled vehicles.
In APAC, revenue grew by 20% year-over-year. We continue to see success across the region. For example, we signed one of the largest Asian long/short equity hedge funds in Singapore to update their legacy platform with Enfusion software. The investment manager was using an incumbent legacy provider with limited functionality, which resulted in the use of manual and error prone processes. This win demonstrates our continuing expansion into the APAC region and highlights the value our clients see in Enfusion's best-in-class software and services.
Shifting to product strategy, I'd like to share with you how we have continued to broaden our partner ecosystem. And in doing so, allowed our clients to use our platform as an operating system to access unique software capabilities of our technology partners and drive meaningful improvements in how clients interact with our platform as a result. Specifically, I'm thrilled with our new strategic partnership with Qontigo to deliver Enfusion's clients Qontigo Axioma Risk, an enterprise level of risk management solution.
With Axioma Risk, our clients can benefit from multi-asset class risk capabilities, including exposure management, multifactor risk models, scenario analytics and risk attribution. As a result, fund managers of all sizes can make better investments and portfolio construction decisions informed by a comprehensive view of their risk profiles.
With Axioma's robust and comprehensive risk capabilities, Enfusion further enhances the value we deliver to our clients. Importantly, this partnership showcases Enfusion's ongoing commitment to leverage our open architecture and make our offering a ubiquitous platform for the investment management industry that facilitates not only operational workflows, but also investment decision-making.
We continue to invest in developing the best-in-class enterprise-grade SaaS platform. For our clients, that means continuous improvements, lower cost of ownership, increased productivity, and ever-expanded functionality. In the first quarter, Enfusion rolled out 320 enhancements and features.
For example, we added support for order entry for asset swap convertible option transaction in our OMS, which enriches a set of capabilities for clients who employ convertible arbitrage strategies. We also added a new enhancement for clients that trade credit, both cash bonds and credit derivatives.
Our team developed a new tool that supports fixed and floating rate bond trading. For Enfusion, it's just another day in the office. We will continue to deploy this enhancement to new capabilities on a weekly basis and to improve client experience at the highest rate in the industry.
Now let's turn to market dynamics. While our team continues to execute at a high-level, the sustained macroeconomic headwinds have challenged the investment management space. However, we remain encouraged as we see signs of stabilization and expect a reduction in macro uncertainty to drive materially better dynamics in the back half of the year.
For instance, recent industry data suggests a significant uptick in new hedge fund launches year-to-date. Given our differentiated offering, we have an opportunity to capture a significant share of upcoming new fund launches. In fact, we have won an outsized share of the largest cash fund launches so far this year.
Further, we see several themes that will position us to emerge from this current market environment in a stronger competitive position. First, secular tailwinds remain in our favor. The industry is in the early innings of digital transformation from disparate legacy systems to robust end-to-end client native solutions.
Second, our qualified pipeline for conversions and upmarket opportunities remains healthy. Recent market volatility has pushed fund managers to reimagine their technology infrastructure. As a result, these managers look at Enfusion to help optimize their cost structure and improve productivity.
Third, we continue to focus on our strategy to increase the share of our customer wallet. As our clients are realizing the value added and lower cost of the fully integrated solution, while capturing this opportunity to expand our client relationships from PMS only to OEMS, NGL and accounting capabilities.
Along the same lines, with the tremendous potential for expanding our managed services offering in conjunction with our core software offering. Importantly, not only does it drive a better economic relationship with our clients on a win-win basis, but also enhances durability of our financial profile. It makes Enfusion more competitive when it comes to complex conversions for larger hedge funds and institutional managers.
Finally, we are investing in the future readiness of our business by bringing more scale and robustness to our core platform, introducing new functionality and streamlining our onboarding, client support and managed services. We view these investments as critical to sustaining and expanding our competitive advantage and generating exceptional growth rates and profitability profile of our franchise.
To conclude, despite market challenges, our business fundamentals remain strong, durable and scalable. Enfusion continues to demonstrate exceptional product differentiation that drives value creation for our customers and our shareholders.
Since Enfusion was founded, we have navigated several challenging market environments and economic cycles. Even still, we grew through them and came out stronger, better, more resilient, and impossible to kill. This current climate is no different. And today, we'll leverage can grow what made us good in the first place, unique technology, passion for our clients, pride in our brand, and our One Enfusion culture of integrity and operating excellence.
Enfusion continues to create unparalleled value for our clients from new hedge fund launches to large, complex, multi-manager platform institutional investment managers, wealth managers, family offices and asset owners. We remain convinced that our clients, both current and future, will see and crystalize Enfusion's undeniable value proposition, which will translate into accelerated and durable long-term value creation for our shareholders.
I will now turn the call over to Brad Herring to discuss our financials.
Thanks, Oleg, and thank you, everyone, for joining us today. I'm pleased to report yet another solid quarter for Enfusion despite the challenging macro environment for investment managers. For the first quarter, we generated revenue of $41 million, an increase of 20% over the same quarter last year.
As Oleg discussed, these results were in line with our expectations and consistent with the guidance commentary we provided on our last earnings call. Revenue growth was driven by new sales as well as further penetration into our existing customer base as made evidenced by our NDR of over 100%.
First quarter adjusted gross profit, which excludes stock-based compensation, increased by 19% year-over-year to $27.9 million. This represents an adjusted gross margin of 68.2%. These results include previously mentioned investments in our onboarding and client services capabilities targeted to deliver a best-in-class and scalable client experience. As we continue to make prudent investments in our client-facing activities, we expect adjusted gross margins to remain between 68% and 70% for the next several quarters.
Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $5.7 million, up over 200% compared to Q1 of last year. Against our revenues of $41 million, this represents an adjusted EBITDA margin of 13.9%, up over 850 basis points from the same period a year ago. Year-over-year margin expansion was generated by a combination of high pass-through rates on incremental revenues matched with prudent expense management as we continue to balance our long-term vision of delivering superior revenue growth and expanding profitability.
For the quarter, we generated adjusted free cash flow of $4.5 million compared to negative $9.4 million in the same period a year ago. Current quarter results represent an 80% conversion rate against our adjusted EBITDA. GAAP net income for the quarter was $4.7 million, up from negative $12.5 million in the same period last year.
We ended the quarter with approximately $55 million in cash and cash equivalents and no debt. This cash position, combined with ongoing positive free cash flow production, provides us with a number of options to fund our portfolio of strategic initiatives.
Onto some of our operating metrics, first quarter ARR was $167 million, up 21% year-over-year. Net dollar retention, excluding involuntary churn, was 111%, down 490 basis points from the previous quarter. Net dollar retention including involuntary churn was 106% in the quarter.
As I discussed on our last earnings call, we expect short-term volatility in net dollar retention as participants in the investment management sector remain focused on optimizing their cost structures in reaction to macro level forces. We signed 27 new logos in the first quarter, exiting the quarter with 813 contracted clients. As Oleg mentioned, Q1 saw an increased number of hedge funds wind down without the typical launch that would redeploy those assets.
Based on the first few weeks of Q2 however, hedge fund launches have picked up and launch counts have accelerated. Finally, the average size of our customers has increased approximately 10% compared to the same period last year, a reflection of our continued strategy to move upmarket.
Now let's turn to our outlook for 2023. First and foremost, we are reaffirming our previous guidance of $185 million to $190 million for full year revenues and $32 million to $34 million for full year adjusted EBITDA.
Let me take a minute to provide some color on our position. To start, we've talked about how continued volatility within the financial markets creates a challenging environment for our clients as they look to realign their expense structures to their current levels of fee generation. This has a dual effect on Enfusion's business.
First, as our back book of existing customers work through their expenses, fees from our customers may decrease, putting near-term downward pressure on reported revenues and NDR. On the other hand, with respect to our front book or prospective clients, current market conditions provide a significant tailwind as this environment has created a catalyst event for asset managers to explore reductions in the total cost of ownership of their infrastructure.
Our proven software and servicing capabilities, combined with a lower total cost of ownership, puts us in a unique position to win new clients as these opportunities arise. This is evident by our healthy pipeline of qualified leads and subsequent win rates. The timing of monetizing these tailwinds, however, tends to be measured more in weeks and months as we work through sales cycles and the onboarding process. Lastly, for modeling purposes, we are revising the projection of stock-based compensation for the full year to approximately $10 million from $12 million, as previously mentioned.
With that, I'd like to open up the call for questions. Operator, you may go ahead.
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] The first question comes from the line of Dylan Becker with William Blair. You may now proceed.
I think, Oleg, you mentioned it, and Brad, you highlighted it as well, but kind of some of the customer segmentation, some of the trends you're seeing, the move up markets reflected in kind of the customer spend. We are starting to lap kind of maybe some of those optimizations, reiterating guidance here. But I wanted to kind of go back through some of those tailwinds and drivers that kind of give you this incremental confidence in the 2 half and kind of the overall kind of broader tailwinds to support broader industry digitization as well. Thanks.
Sure. So kind of the theme continues to be the same. We observed in purchasing patterns, we have observed when we are talking to our clients all the time. We're talking to prospects, of course, and the same underlying theme. It's a balance between people tapping on the brakes after 2022, and people thinking about how to reduce the costs and scale into what they see as potentially uncertain environment going forward.
On the other hand, it is a balance. From a pipeline perspective, we see a lot of opportunity for us to capture market share and actually accelerate towards the second half of the year. Another thing, I think it's interesting as far as churn is concerned, gives you a little insight into how we are positioned in the business, which is most of that volatility comes from U.S.
And in fact, in APAC and EMEA we see stability. And this is where we're focusing our efforts going forward. And we think that if you think about regional breakdown of our position versus sort of core and adjacent markets as we go higher up the chain and away from U.S., we expect our business being rebalanced toward more stable profile, and this is where we're focused.
Of course, U.S. is our backyard, our core area. We play in both defense and offense properly, but there are some sort of beta components to the market that we cannot control, and that's reflected in our kind of flexing our muscle with respect to operating expense control. That's kind of a high-level summary.
Hey, Dylan, this is Brad. I'll add one thing to that. Oleg and I were pretty active in the first quarter out talking to investors. As part of those conversations, we have a unique opportunity to kind of probe on investors to test some of these hypotheses around the decision-making processes within the investor base. Everything we've said around customers looking for opportunities to kind of revisit their infrastructure spend, their infrastructure to run their businesses, has all been confirmed through those conversations. I give you that context, but it's not just kind of anecdotal, here's what we feel. We've been able to observe it firsthand, and that's another big point of confidence for us.
Yes. And just one touch point, Dylan, we also are focused on upsells. And most of that success also comes, it's counterintuitive maybe, but as people are thinking about reducing total cost of ownership, at the same time, because they are already our clients, we do see some success in capturing both OEMS and the back-end GL and accounting from just pure PMS clients. And that results automatically or semiautomatically in cost savings for our current client base.
Got it. That's super helpful and makes a ton of sense. Maybe even like some of that EMS platform standardization playing out, too. I guess maybe, Oleg, as you're having these conversations, like companies, your customers, are trying to figure out the best way to operate kind of going forward, how much of the value proposition lies in cost synergies, operating efficiency versus the ability for them to go out and win new mandates, new AUM afforded by kind of the visibility of unifying some of these systems as well? Thanks.
That's an excellent question. I think for -- let me think about it for a second. I think for launches, it's a bit more important. We become -- we are looking around competitive landscape and talking to PB consultants and just consultants to the asset management space. It seems to be somewhat more important for launches. We are, in many cases, especially given our latest success in winning large launches, we are sort of one of those boxes that investors check. Hey, you have Enfusion in place, so your operating standards must be high and everything is good.
For large institutional clients, I think there are a couple of things there. Number one, I would say the costs and efficiencies are probably top considerations. However, as I mentioned earlier, the new recurring theme here is that while our sort of prototypical user persona, if you will, is sort of middle to back-office operator, CFO or CEO. We increasingly see the demand from institutional investors to actually put the system and the related analytics in front of the portfolio manager. People actually that are making investment decisions. And that is an interesting thing for us because it allows us to complete the loop of the decision-making process and back to the app.
From data to decisions, to decision implementation from that portfolio construction environment back to our OEMS and the sort of rinse and repeat. And we are, in that particular context, we are revamping our product strategy for the Enfusion analytics side, which sees increasing demand as well. And it's really in its frankly speaking infancy, but we have quite a few large clients on it, and we see a lot of potential there, and it's a very high margin business for us.
Got it. Thank you, guys. I appreciate you taking the time.
Thanks, Dylan.
Thank you, Mr. Becker. The next question comes from the line of James Faucette with Morgan Stanley. You may now proceed.
Hey, thank you very much gentlemen. I appreciate the color on your outlook. I'm wondering if you can speak a little bit to the visibility you have with some of the recent conversion wins, which obviously take longer to monetize at least initially. And particularly as it relates to the timing of the flow-through to revenue post-implementation, just trying to understand your level of confidence and visibility into what appears to be a pretty sizable back half acceleration in terms of your full year outlook.
Hey, James, it's Brad. I will take that. So, fair question, and it's also why we tried to provide some color in the pre remarks. Just to kind of expand on a little bit. Two things are really happening. One, we are seeing hedge funds pick up. We saw them kind of slow down. We talked about in Q4, we saw a little bit of slowdown in Q1, but in the back half of Q1, toward the end, we did see hedge funds starting to pick up. So we do have visibility, and we're starting to see the counts of those funds pick up, getting back to more normal levels as the funds from those unwound hedge funds are now redeployed. That's one element that gives us confidence as we look through Q2 through 4.
The other one is, we do have a much better pipeline in terms of quality today than we've had historically. And that pipeline is a byproduct of us of scrubbing through it, but it's also a byproduct of us spending more time out on the road, generating leads, not only as part of investor conversations, but also generating leads in terms of a sales effort. When we look at our pipeline, it's in the best condition it's been in quite some time.
To get back to your question on timing, it really depends on some of the I'll call them more vanilla-type launches. Those are measured in weeks and short months. If you get into the much more complicated large hedge funds, you certainly could be talking several months out before monetization takes place. But keep in mind, the first thing that will go live is PMS, that will always be the first revenue stream.
Once we board that, then there's typically a couple of months before you get into OEMS and the ability for us to drive all the connections through. But if you look at the back half of the year, when you combine hedge fund launches with a really robust and qualified pipeline that is mixed between short-term monetization and medium and long-term monetization, that's where we get our confidence.
Jim, just to supplement this, just generically, we actually are heavily investing in this particular area. We view us being able to onboard our clients quickly and smoothly as one of our sources of competitive advantage. Of course, we can never and will never stop improving. For us, it's just a simple strategy thing. It's a switching cost element, and we're going to -- we will never stop until the switching cost is as close to zero as possible.
And competitively, especially as we move up market, that becomes -- actually, it's not just a nice thing to have, but also a source of competitive advantage against incumbents such as Aladdin in SimCorp, which take years to onboard clients with similar profiles. So we are really focused on sort of pulling revenue from the future to the present.
Got it. And then I know you touched on this whole thing in your prepared remarks and the response to that question around particularly involuntary churn among hedge fund clients, but it seems like I think this is the first quarter since you've been public at least, where your total client count has actually contracted. Can you speak to if there was any voluntary churn or the mix of voluntary versus involuntary churn in the quarter? Especially given that it appears to be having some impact on NDR performance.
Yes, it's a great question, Jim. So when you look at our voluntary churn, it still remains to be an insignificant number. If you look at the number of clients that actually churned off of us and think of that as a deconversion rather than unwind, it's low single digits in terms of accounts even. Percentage wise, it's even less than that.
Yes. I will just say a couple of things I alluded to when Dylan was asking questions. We are tracking it very closely. The beta component of the market is quite high. Actually, we had the churn as high as 6% to 8% at the end of 2019. Right now, that figure is roughly 6-ish as you see in our results. The voluntary component has been stable for the last 3, 4 years. The lowest it's been is just under 1%. Now it's hovering around just below 2%, and it's been stable over the last 1.5 years.
Great. Thanks a lot, Brad. Thanks, Oleg.
Yes, and I just have, Jim, again, to reiterate what I said to Dylan before, just the business rebalancing both from downstream to upstream and away from U.S. globally, it's just going to make it stable, and it's a strategic thing for us.
Got it. Got it. Thanks.
Sure. Thanks.
Thank you, Mr. Faucette. The next question comes from the line of Parker Lane with Stifel. You may now proceed.
Yes. Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the question. In this more challenging environment, are you guys seeing, as organizations recalibrate their budgets, pricing becoming much more and more of a dynamic in the deal discussion? And I guess, what sort of tactics are you deploying on that front? Are you looking to get more aggressive to get your foot in the door with some of these customers and seeing an opportunity if pricing is one of the centerpieces of the discussion?
Yes, hey, Parker. This is Brad. I will take that. We are actually not seeing a whole lot of pricing topics come up. I think for us, it's about we are not a price sensitive provider. We go in and put our solution in front of some of our competitors that may or may not be more price-sensitive than us. But we are not seeing price compression.
The uniqueness I think that we have is because we come with that full stack. It does certainly give us more latitude in how we go to market and how we can bundle up the entire kind of end-to-end solution between PMS and OEMS and analytics and accounting and everything else. That gives us more latitude, but we are not seeing a general price compression even though the environment's been pressured.
Yes. So, Parker, just one element to it, there's a market segment. It's always -- it's not so much price compression related to a recent environment. It's just been price competitive over the last several years. And some of the incumbent players and also some of the new entrants are just much, much cheaper. Their capabilities set much more narrow.
When launches are concerned, within very price-sensitive, low AUM launch type segments, think $25 million, $50 million debt launches, even $100 million launches, we are playing defense there, but we strategically and tactically refuse to compete purely on price.
We compete on capabilities. And if those start-ups decide to go away and take a much more limited capability set for $20,000 less, we have no problem with that. And as they grow, we typically see them when we convert them a year and 2 years from now, if and when they're successful. And when they are not successful, we don't really care.
Got it. Understood. Very helpful. And then, Brad, if I think about the metrics of clients and average contract value and weave that in with your commentary about hedge fund closures, curious if you could characterize or give us a sense of the scale of those hedge funds that closed from an average contract value. Did these tend to be smaller customers where it was a pretty solid mix there? Just any color on that would be really helpful.
Yes, that's fine, Parker. Yes, those are the small ones. Certainly, the ones that are closing, typically the ones that are unwinding, are going to be on the smaller side compared to our average book.
Perfect. Got it. Thanks again, guys.
Yes.
Thank you, Mr. Lane. The next question comes from the line of Koji Ikeda with Bank of America. You may now proceed.
Yes. Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the questions. I wanted to ask a question on ARR. And more specifically, how should we should be thinking about ARR growth for the rest of the year? So the question is, how do you guys think about or maybe how we should be thinking about when we should anticipate ARR growth to trough this year? When I look at the model, the ARR growth comps ease in the second half, but the 1Q, kind of the net new ARR, was $2.3 million. Even if we increase quarterly net new ARR every quarter from here on out for the rest of the year, ARR growth can slow quite a bit this year. Just trying to reconcile how you guys think about ARR growth for this year. Thanks.
Yes, Koji, I will take that. Yes, I think you're going to continue to see ARR grow. It's a byproduct of a couple of things, obviously. One is, like I mentioned before, you're going to see some short-term pressure on a couple of elements within ARR on our back book. I think in the near term, you're going to see probably a little bit slower growth. But then as those clients we're boarding start to monetize, you're going to see that ARR start to accelerate. I don't know that I'm going to see it necessarily a trough as much as you might see some variability in the growth rates between first half and as you get into the back half of next year. And even more importantly, probably as you get into 2024.
Got it. That's actually very, very helpful. Thank you. And just a follow-up question here. I think in the prepared remarks, you mentioned that you guys are seeing data out there that the end markets may be stabilizing and even with prospects of improving later this year. The question is on your reaffirmed guidance today. Are there any assumptions of an improving macro or maybe a change in the underlying assumptions on what the macro looks like that's embedded in the guide for this year? Thanks, guys. Thanks for taking the questions.
Sure, Koji. When we gave the guidance, and even when we talked about it last quarter, we had mentioned we expected the first half to be a bit slower than the back half. We are not seeing necessarily any changes in that as much as more reaffirmation that we are starting to see it play out that way, especially as we got towards the end of Q1. So it's not an update in necessarily our philosophies or our own internal models. It's just -- it's playing out as we somewhat expected it to when we provided the guidance last quarter.
Got it. No, no, that’s really, really helpful. Thank you, guys, so much for taking the questions. Appreciate it.
Koji, thanks.
Thank you, Mr. Ikeda. The next question comes from the line of Gabriela Borges with Goldman Sachs. You may now proceed.
This is [indiscernible] on for Gabriela. First one for me, understand that NRR tends to move around quite a bit between quarters and appreciate the color you gave on existing customer behavior on the call. But any expectation that NRR would improve in the back half as well as just seeing more of those conversions?
Yes, this is Brad. I will take that. Yes, that's exactly right. I mean we mentioned last quarter we expected some near-term volatility on NDR. Think of it primarily as the difference between the timing of the back book and the front book. Like I mentioned in my remarks, the short-term impact is more of the back book impact, which will drive NDR down, which is what drove our NDR for our Q1 results.
But as the front book starts to board with PMS, and then for example, like we've always talked about kind of a land-and-expand model where those customers then bring on the different modules over time, they'll be bringing on OEMS, they'll be bringing on analytics, they'll be bringing on managed services. You'd see that NDR start to recover back to more normal levels, probably in the mid to upper teens. But in the near term, yes, you would expect to see exactly the way this has played out.
All right. Thank you. That makes sense. And then what have you been seeing in terms of sales productivity? Kind of how that trended in 1Q and how you're seeing that trend close in 1Q? Are you seeing a step up in sales productivity that's giving you confidence in the guide?
Yes, we do. It definitely -- while this trough can maybe extend itself so it's not a V-shaped recovery, it may be L-type recovery, we definitely see the pipeline getting richer. People are more engaged and we are having pretty good conversations there. But as we said before, we cannot predict how much, I'm sorry, how much time the recovery will take, how much time these tapping brakes will take, but we definitely see some positive signs in the cadence of the conversations and people's focus and our ability to close deals. That's another data point that gives us confidence in the back end of the year, including in upsell conversations. It's not just the new conversations and our conversations about other verticals we sell, OEMS, GL and accounting and managed services upsells as well.
All right. Great. Thank you.
Thank you, Ms. Borges. [Operator Instructions] No further questions have been registered, so at this time I'll pass the conference back to management team for any additional remarks.
Well, thank you all for all the questions. I look forward to reconnecting with you all shortly. Thank you, investors, for their trust, and we will continue to focus on execution for the balance of the year.
That concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.