Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corp
NYSE:BAH
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Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corp
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Good morning. Thank you for standing by, and welcome to Booz Allen Hamilton's earnings call covering Fourth Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 Results. [Operator Instructions] I'd now like to turn the call over to Mr. Nathan Rutledge.
Thank you. Good morning. Thank you for joining us for Booz Allen's Fourth Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 Earnings Call. We hope you've had an opportunity to read the press release we issued earlier this morning. We have also provided presentation slides on our website and are now on Slide 2.
With me today to talk about our business and financial results are Horacio Rozanski, our President and Chief Executive Officer; and Matt Calderone, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
As shown on the disclaimer on Slide 3, please keep in mind that some of the items we will discuss this morning are forward looking and may relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from forecasted results disclosed in our SEC filings and on this call. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements and speak only as of the date made. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
During today's call, we will also discuss some non-GAAP financial measures and other metrics, which we believe provide useful information for investors. We include an explanation of adjustments and other reconciliations of our non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures in our fourth quarter fiscal year 2024 earnings release and slides. Numbers presented may be rounded and as such, may vary slightly from those in our public disclosure. It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to our CEO and President, Horacio Rozanski. We are now on Slide 4.
Thank you, Nathan, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining the call. Before diving into the content of this earnings call, I would like to share some news regarding our Board of Directors. On May 21, Dr. Ralph Shrader, our Board Chair, informed the Board of his intention to not stand for reelection and to retire effective July 24, which is our Annual Stockholders' Meeting. It is impossible to fully account for Ralph's contributions to Booz Allen, to our investors and our people, to the country and to so many of us personally. Earlier this spring, Ralph celebrated 50 years with Booz Allen, in a career that spanned many roles, including CEO and now Chair. His impact and his legacy will forever be ingrained in the fabric of our company, guiding us and inspire us as we chart the course for our continued success. Thank you, Ralph, for all you have done for Booz Allen, and on a personal note, for all you have taught me, thank you.
I am deeply honored and humbled to have been chosen by our Board of Directors to serve as Chair of our Board after Ralph's retirement. I look forward to serving our company as Chair and CEO, working closely with our newly appointed Lead Independent Director, Mark [indiscernible]. In our new roles, Mark and I will continue Booz Allen's commitment to excellence and values that has been the hallmark of our company for the past 11 decades.
And now Matt and I are proud to share exceptional financial results for fiscal year 2024. The year that ended March 31 marks our best performance since Booz Allen's went public. Revenue and earnings both increased more than 15%, nearly all organic. This outstanding performance builds on double-digit revenue growth in the prior fiscal year, and solidifies our standing as an organic growth leader in the industry. Year after year, Booz Allen consistently delivers. This speaks to the relevance of our work, the soundness of our strategy and the trust our clients place in us. And most importantly, our results are a testament to Booz Allen's amazing team of more than 34,000 purpose-driven professionals.
This morning, I will describe how our VoLT strategy is fueling our performance and positioning us for the future. I will also address potential market volatility in the near term, and share our operational priorities for the fiscal year. Matt will then give an in-depth look at our full fiscal year 2024 results and our guidance for fiscal year 2025.
Let's begin with our strategy. Our team's consistent execution of VoLT has brought us to where we are today. Booz Allen is 110 years young. We are operating at peak performance and are as vibrant as ever entering our 12th decade. Since our founding, this company has anticipated and led change for ourselves and for our clients. Today's change vector is involved which stands for velocity, leadership and technology. VoLT has put us at the center of the technology transformation taking place across the federal government. VoLT powers our long-term growth in 2 key ways. First, we have positioned ourselves at the center of missions of national importance. And second, we have become a leader in injecting cutting-edge technologies into these missions.
Allow me to take the next few minutes to describe what it looks like for Booz Allen and for our clients. One example of these dynamics is our increasing role in the Indo-Pacific region. As I have discussed previously, Booz Allen is deeply committed to the Pacific and have supported U.S. national security priorities there for decades. We continue to support Into-Paycom's most pressing requirements from accelerated readiness to Mission Systems. We do so by leveraging technologies such as cyber, 5G and artificial intelligence to deliver scaled solutions at mission speeds.
In the past 6 weeks, I have spent time in Japan and Hawaii. I have met with many senior U.S. and allied military and government leaders to reinforce our commitment to helping maintain peace and stability in the region. Booz Allen's presence in this vital area continues to grow as we invest in new capabilities, partnerships and talent to support the broadening set of missions.
A second example of the power of VoLT is our support of the digital transformation of the Department of Veterans Affairs. At the VA, we work closely with our clients to leverage technologies already proven in the private sector to enhance the care and service of our nation's veterans from reducing endemic homelessness to optimizing virtual care and clinical triage services. It has also allowed us to effectively scale our team and technology solutions to meet the unprecedented growth of FACT act claims associated with veterans exposed to toxic substances.
Within the 16 months following the passage of the PACT Act, the VA has processed over 1.5 million claims and awarded over $3.8 billion in payments to veterans. We helped the VA automate important review steps for a portion of these claims, shortening the process and overcoming what would have been a largely manual manpower-intensive process. These examples, along with similar efforts across multiple federal health agencies, have helped double the size of our health business in the last 5 years to roughly $2 billion in fiscal year '24.
A third example of VoLT in action is artificial intelligence. Before AI came into the public consciousness Booz Allen anticipated and prepared for the moment we are in now. We invested ahead of the market in talent and capabilities to win early-stage work and build a leading position. And so today, as AI becomes ubiquitous across the U.S. government, we are recognized as the leading provider of AI services to the federal government by Deltic's 2024 report.
In FY '24, our AI revenue grew to nearly $600 million, and we aspire to grow this business to over $1 billion in the next couple of years. As AI is increasingly integrated into more and more contracts, we will continue to invest in our AI talent base through both hiring and upscaling. We are also partnering with a range of other technology firms to bring commercial dual-use tech to our clients faster. Without a doubt, Booz Allen's is a team on the move and VoLT is working as our accelerator.
But beyond all the specific examples, the ultimate proof point of our VoLT strategy is our performance against the goals we set out in our investment thesis 2.5 years ago. As we begin the final year of our 3-year trajectory, we are issuing guidance at the top end of our original EBITDA target of $1.2 billion to $1.3 billion in fiscal year 2025. Over the 3-year period of the investment thesis, we will have grown our EBITDA by more than 1/3, virtually all organic. Our organic outperformance gives us greater momentum as well as balance sheet strength and operational resiliency as we look to capture new opportunities in an increasingly challenging market.
Looking at the coming months, we recognize the potential disruption, a contentious election and other societal and geopolitical factors may cause this fall. Elections can bring about uncertainty, particularly to the budget process. Despite this, there are 2 things of which we are certain. The clients we serve are focused on fulfilling their missions and service to our nation, and we are poised to support them every step of the way. As in prior years, our operating philosophy for FY '25 is to build momentum in the first half of the fiscal year to mitigate any increasing volatility in the second half. To do this, our operational priorities include the following: first, we must take full advantage of our record proposal pipeline, which includes a number of large new programs and recompetes; second, we will continue to transform how we execute our existing business. We seek to increase the speed and precision with which we deliver key technologies into programs and to drive efficiency and effectiveness across all of our support functions; and third, we will continue to implement VoLT at full speed, maximizing the value of our increased investments in people, market positions and new technologies.
Our overarching goal for FY '25 is to further differentiate Booz Allen by demonstrating our unique ability to drive technology into mission outcomes faster and better than anyone else.
In summary, while respectful of the inherent volatility in our environment, we remain very optimistic about our growth prospects. The Booz Allen team is market tested and exceptional. I am in awe of the incredible people I have the privilege to work with, of the impact they have on our clients, and of the outstanding performance they create year after year. Their skill and passion are at the center of who we are as a company, and they are the reason for our continued success.
And now Matt, over to you to take us through our financial results and fiscal year 2025 guidance.
Thank you, Horacio, and good morning, everyone. I've spent a good deal of time recently thinking about Booz Allen's 110-year legacy of foresight, innovation, execution and transformation. Booz Allen is the ultimate compounder. Quarter after quarter, year after year, we set goals and we deliver, always driving forward each step building on the 1 before. This creates exceptional value for our clients, our people and our shareholders.
In this spirit, we continued to build in the fourth quarter, delivering excellent results to complete an extraordinary fiscal year 2024. By almost any financial metric, this was the best fiscal year in our history.
Our VoLT strategy is working. We enter fiscal year 2025 with significant strategic, operational and financial momentum. Once again, we are positioned to deliver robust organic growth, strong earnings and free cash flow and exceptional shareholder value.
This morning, I will start by briefly touching on our fourth quarter highlights, then delve deeper into our fiscal 2024 performance, and finally, cover our fiscal 2025 guidance.
Please turn now to Slide 6. I am proud to say that we met or exceeded all of our objectives for the fourth quarter. We continue to build on many of the trends that Horacio and I have highlighted on recent calls, positioning the company in areas of enduring national importance at the intersection of mission and technology, delivering remarkably consistent performance, operating efficiently while investing in the future and building momentum and resilience. To cover a few of the financial highlights for our fourth quarter. Total revenue was approximately $2.8 billion, up 14% year-over-year. All of this growth was organic.
Adjusted EBITDA grew to $287 million, 24% over the prior year quarter. This translated to an adjusted EBITDA margin of 10.3%. We generated $1.33 in adjusted diluted earnings per share, up 32% year-over-year. We added 364 net client staff and recorded a book-to-bill of 0.82x, in line with our expectations. Finally, we returned $194 million of capital to investors through dividends and share repurchases in the fourth quarter.
Thanks to the hard work of people across our company, we closed the fiscal year stronger than expected. For the full fiscal year, total revenue grew 15% year-over-year to $10.7 billion. This exceeded the top end of our guidance, driven by strong demand, healthy hiring across our portfolio and higher-than-anticipated billable expenses in the fourth quarter. Organic revenue was up 14.5% year-over-year, and revenue excluding billable expenses increased 14.4%.
Our revenue growth was broad-based. Our Defense business continued to accelerate. Revenue grew about 20% year-over-year, with double-digit growth across most portions of the defense portfolio. Performance in our Civil business was also excellent, up roughly 18% from last fiscal year. Our civil sector has now reported 9 consecutive quarters of double-digit organic growth. Our Intelligence business is on a strong vector for the future. Revenue grew 5% year-over-year, exceeding our expectations. We are pleased with both the supply side and demand side momentum in this business. Finally, our global commercial business, which represented 2% of revenue in the fiscal year was down 25% year-over-year. reflecting previously disclosed divestitures. Given its small relative size, going forward, we will not report our commercial results separately.
Moving to the demand picture on Slide 7, we ended fiscal year 2024 with net bookings of $13.3 billion and a trailing 12-month book-to-bill of 1.25x. Total backlog as of March 31 was $33.8 billion, up 8.4% year-over-year.
Looking ahead, our fiscal year 2025 qualified pipeline is robust, standing at $63.8 billion or 38% higher than a year ago. This includes a number of exciting opportunities across the portfolio as well as some accelerated recompetes in our civil and defense businesses. With federal funding in place through September, we are working to aggressively capture and start as much work as possible in advance of the upcoming election and the new government fiscal year.
In short, we have the backlog, pipeline and market momentum necessary to drive future growth.
Turning now to the supply side. As Horacio noted, we closed the fiscal year with more than 34,000 employees. Our client staff headcount increased 7.4% year-over-year, setting us up well for fiscal year 2025. Total headcount was up 7.2%. Our relentless focus on culture and the employee experience at Booz Allen continues to pay dividends, not just in our consistent headcount growth, but also in our low attrition and strong referral and application numbers.
Moving now to the bottom line. we earned $1.175 billion in adjusted EBITDA for the fiscal year. This is 16% higher than in fiscal year 2023 and and at the top end of our updated guidance range. Our adjusted EBITDA margin of 11% was flat year-over-year, in line with our expectations. This profit growth was generated by our excellent top line growth, strong contract-level performance and a disciplined approach to operations and investment.
Our leaders continue to manage the business very well. This has allowed us to do 3 things simultaneously, increase investment in the talent, technologies and partnerships needed to solve emerging mission challenges, transform key corporate functions and continue to get scale in our operations.
Working down the P&L, our net income was $606 million, 123% higher year-over-year. Adjusted net income increased 19% year-over-year to $719 million. Diluted earnings per share grew to $4.59 per share, up 126% year-over-year. Adjusted diluted earnings per share grew 21% year-over-year to $5.50. These results include significantly higher interest expense for the fiscal year, offset in part by a lower-than-anticipated ADEPS tax rate in the fourth quarter.
Moving now to the balance sheet. We ended the fiscal year with $554 million of cash on hand, net debt of $2.86 billion and a net leverage ratio of 2.4x adjusted EBITDA for the trailing 12 months. We have ample capacity to continue executing our disciplined capital deployment strategy.
Free cash flow for the fiscal year was $192 million, the result of $259 million of cash from operating activities, less $67 million of CapEx. Note that this CapEx excludes $16 million of accrued expenditures that were paid in early fiscal year 2025. From a free cash flow perspective, this was offset by an unanticipated $13 million cash tax outlay related to contested DC tax assessments, which is further described in our 10-K.
Collections were strong for the fiscal year, and cash outflows remain consistent with our outsized growth and ongoing investments in our business. Excluding onetime events, cash performance improved in fiscal year 2024 and this will remain an area of focus going forward.
Turning to capital deployment on Slide 8. In fiscal year 2024, we returned $668 million of capital to shareholders. This included $415 million in share repurchases at an average price of $116.81 per share as well as $253 million in quarterly cash dividends. Additionally, we made $23 million of strategic investments through our corporate venture capital program.
While we completed no acquisitions last fiscal year, strategic acquisitions are still an important part of our capital deployment strategy as we focus on bringing technology to mission at speed and scale. We are pursuing a healthy pipeline of small to midsize tuck-ins.
As a firm, we remain committed to maximizing long-term shareholder value through efficient capital allocation.
Finally, I'll note that our Board has approved a quarterly dividend of $0.51 per share, which will be payable on June 28 to stockholders of record as of June 13. The Board also approved an increase of $525 million to our share repurchase authorization, bringing our available capacity to $1 billion as of March 31.
I will now take you through our fiscal year 2021 guidance. Please turn to Slide 9. Given our fiscal year aligns with government funding cycles, we typically plan for a strong first half and a more uncertain second half. We are doing the same this fiscal year. We entered this fiscal year with significant momentum, but anticipate continued uncertainty from societal and geopolitical conflicts, the upcoming election and possible disagreements about the next budget cycle. In this environment, we are focused on controlling what we can control. We are positioning our business for continued growth to keep driving forward, to keep compounding.
Let's now walk through our fiscal year 2025 guidance. At the top line, we expect organic revenue growth of 8% to 11%. This range takes into account several variables, including the extent to which we win and start work, the potential for drawn out federal budget negotiations and the timing and pace of headcount gains. We are again targeting mid-single-digit headcount growth for the fiscal year. We expect to deliver adjusted EBITDA dollars in the range of $1.26 billion to $1.3 billion. As Horacio noted, this is the high end of our investment thesis range. We expect to achieve this almost entirely through organic performance, creating significant balance sheet capacity for the future.
The implied full fiscal year adjusted EBITDA margin is about 11%, on par with fiscal year 2024. We expect ADEPS of between $5.80 and $6.05 per share. This assumes an adjusted effective tax rate of between 23% and 25%, an increase from the prior fiscal year, as well as a marginally higher interest expense in the range of $180 million to $190 million. Lastly, we expect operating cash flow of between $825 million and $925 million, and free cash flow of between $725 million and $825 million. This assumes CapEx spend of around $100 million, including the previously mentioned accrued expenditure that shifted from the fiscal fourth quarter and was paid in early fiscal year 2025.
In closing, I want to reiterate how proud I am of the outstanding year we just delivered. The momentum we built translates into a strong guide for fiscal year 2025 and a great finish to our 3-year investment thesis. Our VoLT strategy is working, and we continue to deliver value to all of our stakeholders. This is a real testament to our people and the enduring power of Booz Allen.
With that, operator, let's open the line for questions.
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Mariana Perez Mora with Bank of America.
So my question is about this recent memo on AI that the Biden administration put forward and the memo mandates that each agency will have to appoint a Chief AI Officer. Have you seen any of those like that increased demand come through? Or how are you thinking about opportunities as these new officers actually think about their AI strategy, use cases and all those things?
Mariana, thank you for the question. Here's how I think about it. AI is becoming an integral part of how the federal government operates. We are seeing it more and more over the last couple of years. You've heard me talk about things moving from demonstration projects to prototypes. We're now entering the scale phase. And so it makes sense that governing AI correctly in these agencies, managing the resources and the investments against it be done, and it makes sense that some of these agencies [indiscernible] and AI officers, and they're making a difference. And Booz Allen's has been poised to take advantage of this growth in AI now for several years. I think you know we've been talking about this from before it became popular. And our business is growing.
As I mentioned in the prepared remarks, we are looking at a roughly $600 million business now. We are thinking that business alone will reach $1 billion in a couple of years. But more importantly, we are seeing AI become a differentiator across a lot of our procurements. And the fact that we have a leading position that is recognized externally that we're doing work that our clients see as somebody else being able to do, I think, opens doors and opportunities for Booz Allen that we're very excited about. And as we look forward, we really think that AI is really AI and. It's AI and cyber, where we also have a leading position it's AI and space where we're making significant inroads. It's AI and Zero Trust, AI and communications. And so I think Booz Allen's ability to continue to expand and grow as a result of that and to be differentiated is only going to increase in the years to come.
So you mentioned AI as a differentiator. Could you please also give us some details or color around these like contracts that you have for recompete? what is the recompete risk and how you think these skills position you towards like having a stronger IP win?
Sure. Let me frame this conversation in a couple of ways. The first 1 is we're coming off our best year ever, right? And we're entering our FY '25 year with a lot of momentum. VoLT, our strategy, is working. And VoLT [indiscernible] for velocity, and we are faster than ever before. We're strategically, really well positioned. And as we said earlier, while we recognize the uncertainties that an election year can bring, we are guiding to the top end of our investment thesis, and we're entering this year with momentum and with resiliency, both in our balance sheet, in our portfolio and everything else.
Recompetes are a part of our business. The reality of the business is, if you look at it over the last 5 or 10 years, we've gone from almost no billion contracts to now a significant portfolio of billion plus contracts. And it is our 5-year contracts, 20% of those on average will get recompeted every year. This year, there's a little concentration of that in our health business and a little bit in our defense business. As I look at those, we are really well positioned by the quality of our delivery, by the uniqueness of our offerings and by the work that we do. And this is all wrapped inside of a pipeline that is a record pipeline, close to $64 billion of opportunity.
So we're looking at the year with optimism. We're very focused, laser-focused on winning our recompetes but also capturing new work and taking advantage of the fact that a number of these recompetes come with increased scope and increased ceiling, which also presents no opportunity.
And congratulations on the appointment and congratulations to Ralph in retirement.
Thank you so much.
Our next question comes from Robert Spingarn with Melius Research.
I had a couple of questions for you, but I wanted to start, Matt, with you on the growth. You've talked about hitting high single-digit organic growth and about 3% to 5% headcount growth for the full year and a book-to-bill around 1.2 to 1.3 in order to hit that high single-digit organic growth. Now you're guiding perhaps a little bit above that. You've already said that you anticipate mid-single-digit headcount growth this year. So what should we anticipate for book-to-bill?
And then as a follow-up to that, are there any significant recompetes that you have coming up this year that we should be thinking about?
Yes. Thanks, Rob. I'll take them in turn. Look, as Horacio said, we're entering the year with a lot of momentum, both on the supply side and the demand side. Starting the year on the supply side, with headcount growth of about 7.4%, so above the mid-single-digit headcount target that we've talked about historically, which is part of the reason we're guiding the robust 8% to 11% organic growth. And then on the demand side, 1.25x, which is sort of right in line with where we want to be. To give you a feel for how we anticipate the year is going to play out, we do expect that quarterly growth profile on a year-over-year basis to be strong, but maybe a little more even than last year, primarily driven by some quarterly comps. You recall last year, we grew 16% in the first half. And we'll see a similar pattern for margins, where they're more stable than our historical patterns similar to what we saw last year. It had a solid start to the year. I'm not going to call where we're going to end up on book-to-bill. So we've had a really good start, particularly on the demand side.
Recompetes are part of that, but as Horacio said, we've got a really robust pipeline. It's up 38% from where we were at this point last year. So the fact that we're targeting mid-single-digit headcount growth for this year, which typically sets us up for next year, and we've talked about the robustness of our backlog or book-to-bill and obviously, our pipeline, I think, gives you a feel for how we're thinking about growth over the medium term.
Okay. And then Horacio, just for you, high level, and you did -- you talked a bit about in the prior question and throughout the call, but you've been at the forefront of things like AI, 5G, cyber all along. And we think forward, next 5 to 10 years, curious in terms of the major growth trends where you want to be a leader, how should we think about things like quantum computing and post-quantum encryption?
I really appreciate that question, Rob. I mean, I think part of the reason we are sitting here feeling so good about the business is because over the last decade, we've invested on a number of things. And we missed a couple, hit a few singles, but also hit a few home runs, and that's our continued approach. So we're trying to be in front of the market. Things that we think a lot about now is the intersection of AI and cyber and AI and Zero Trust. We think a lot of our edge, both edge cloud, edge computing and how you bring together AI at the edge, which is actually a very significant technical challenge, and that's why we have made investments through our venture fund that position us really well on that. That's why we are building unique technology stacks with some of our technology partners that position us really well on that.
And then as you said, I mean, we -- I think we already have a [indiscernible] leadership position in quantum and PQE. I think those are all going to be fields that are going to continue to grow. And I believe Booz Allen is continuing to build because I think our mantra is, let's focus on these missions of national importance. Let's make sure we can bring our technology to these missions. And let's make sure we can help our clients create solutions at scale beyond the prototype. I think this sort of focus on the prototype at the end be all short changes what our clients ultimately need, and that's why we're so focused on scaling.
Our next question comes from Bert Subin with Stifel.
Horacio, I just wanted to follow up to some of your AI comments to Mariana's question and just in your prepared remarks. So when you hosted your AI and event, I guess, around AUSA last year, you were looking for FY '24 sales in the range of, I think, $500 million to $700 million. It sounds like you came in around the midpoint of that based on what you noted. You also have ever said in your prepared remarks, you're looking to get to $1 billion in the next couple of years, so that would imply pretty significant growth. So I guess my question is, what's changing in AI in FY '25 and '26 for you to see that acceleration in growth? Is that a function of awards taking time? Or is it a function of shifting internal investment to the contract side? And is that growth more skewed to the DoD Intel opportunity? Or has it been more Civil driven?
It's a really good question. I think this is where AI is in the cycle in the federal government. I think we -- there's a cycle of experimentation, there's a cycle of trying this out, then you start to get early successes and then you go vertical on scaling. And I think we're just at the very beginning of the vertical scaling phase. The rationale there is these missions are becoming increasingly complex. We talk a lot about the Pacific and the [indiscernible] threat. That set of missions posts a whole new set of challenges [indiscernible] just out of sheer scope. If you think about it sort of half of the world surface or something like that INDOPACOM region.
And so when you start to look at that, you understand how important it is to actually augment humans through artificial intelligence, our clients understand that and they're coming to us for work for help, for support as they scale these capabilities, but it is really broad-based. If you'd asked me this question 18 months ago, I would have said, it was most prominent in Intel, DoD was starting to go down that path and the civil agencies were really more focused on cloud migration than on AI. I think that has really changed. I think right now, everybody is taking advantage of the data on the cloud in particular, to drive AI into their missions. And we're well positioned to help across the board, as I said, and to integrate it into other technologies that are key to that.
And I think part of -- for us, part of what's really powerful is while we're highlighting AI a little bit of its own because there's so much interest on it, everything we do is integrated. So it's always AI and cloud, AI and cyber, AI and space, AI and C2. And that's I think where the power is going to come on as AI is not a standalone thing that you buy by itself. AI is an ingredient in accelerating mission needs.
Got it. That makes a lot of sense. Matt, I have a follow-up for you. You're assuming flattish margins in FY '25. I guess as you think longer term, putting everything into this from your AI growth, cyber growth, potentially faster growth in the civil sector, what would it take for Booz to go from an 11% margin to a 12% margin?
Yes, thanks. It's a broad hypothetical question. First, let me start by saying, I'm really pleased with our margin profile over the past couple of years and where we're guiding. I mean we've talked about how dynamic the market is. Horacio was talking about how much the market has changed with with AI and other infusion technology in the market. And to be a compounder, right, to generate the kind of consistent organic growth we've generated, you've got to invest ahead of demand. So remember, in our original investment thesis, we were guiding to mid-10s margins so that we've been able to invest at record levels and really transform our business and deliver 11% margins over the past couple of years, it really speaks volumes about the strength of our business.
I think to answer your question, it's really threefold. Can we continue to get scale out of our business? How much do we need to invest, or do we want to invest in order to continue to compound? But the inflection point probably will be around selling differently and our clients buying differently. Talked a lot about outcome-based contracting. It's still in its early stages. We're seeing some experimentation in different parts of the market. We're experimenting ourselves, but we're nowhere near being able to call that as having a material impact on our margins going forward.
But I'm sure this will be quite the topic for our next investment thesis.
And our next question comes from Seth Seifman with JPMorgan.
I wanted to ask, maybe if you could talk a little bit more about capital deployment in the coming years. It's probably maybe a little bit of excess cash on the balance sheet, $750 million, $800 million of cash after CapEx coming this year. I guess, how do you see the M&A environment right now? Are there deals at valuations that make sense? And if not, should we expect to share a pickup in share repurchases this year from the 400-ish last year?
You're right. We're in a good spot. That we've been able to hit the top end of our investment thesis almost entirely through organic performance leaves us a lot of room on the balance sheet to deploy. I'll start by saying our capital deployment priorities have changed. Strategic M&A is our preference. But our approach [indiscernible], right? We're going to remain patient and disciplined. So we didn't make any acquisitions last year. We were [indiscernible] a few transactions. I feel really really good about our pipeline. There are more assets out in the market, including some high-quality ones. Interestingly, we're seeing, I think, a disproportionate number of carve-outs this year, which provide some opportunity, but some challenges as well. And I am actually -- I'm really encouraged by what I see.
But we're going to stay flexible. And I also appreciate that the Board has increased our share repurchase authorization, which gives us the flexibility to return value in lots of different ways.
Okay. Okay. Excellent. And maybe as a follow-up, just more of a clarification about the outlook for the year. You talked about planning for the strong start and then maybe a little bit more uncertainty in the back half around the budget. But there's also -- so that would lead you to think, okay, maybe growth is going to be faster in the first half, but then you talk about the way that the comp is aligned. So we should be expecting this kind of 9%, 10-ish percent growth through the year and you see that happening in the back half as well, even with some of the uncertainty that you're thinking about with regard to the budget and the election?
, I think that's roughly in line with what we anticipate a flatter profile both in terms of year-over-year growth percentage and margins over the course of the year.
Our next question comes from Tobey Sommer with Truist Securities.
This is Jack Wilson on for Tobey Sommer. I know you've recently spoken about sort of how the workforce has evolved to be sort of far more technical than historically. Can you speak to sort of how the hiring trends are in terms of sort of what percentage of new hires come in with tactical scale? And what are sort of what percent are upscale ones hired?
Why don't I start on this. I think in general, because we have become so much more of a firm that injects technology into missions of national importance, our hiring has shifted to both the mission expertise around those specific missions like we do in the Pacific, but also a broad-based technical workforce that we both upscale internally and we hire externally. I don't know that we have -- every year, we increase the percentage of our technical workforce a little bit. I think the good important trends is our attrition is down significantly year-over-year. We attribute that to -- I think the market is a little less frothy than it was a couple of years ago, but frankly, more importantly, we have done a lot of investing and a lot of work internally on binding people to our culture, on giving them internal opportunities, on training our workforce. We built an AI [indiscernible]. We thought it would take us a couple of years to train 10,000 people, it took us, whatever, a couple of quarters to do it or their magnitude.
So we're feeling very, very good about our ability to retain, to train and to upskill our workforce. And I think what's also underneath that is this focus on missions of national importance are really allowing us to bring in absolute top talent from across the country, from across all industries that want to work on these key national requirements.
And then maybe as a follow-up, are there any other regions outside the INDOPACOM region that you're seeing sort of especially high levels of activity?
Well, the world is, right now, active just about everywhere. We, as I've spoken to before, have significant presses in Europe and in support of our nations working there around [indiscernible] and Ukraine. We have presence in [indiscernible]. We have a very significant and growing presence in INDOPACOM. But also even outside of DoD, if you look at -- the nation is making significant investments in public health and Booz Allen is right in the middle of that. There's a lot of modernization of technical infrastructure really across the entirety of the federal government, and we are extremely active on that and differentiated, as I said before.
And our next question comes from Cai von Rumohr with TD Cowen.
So Horacio, 1 for you. If I think about your industry 10 to 15 years ago, it was kind of focused on, [indiscernible], a threat that really was not as significant as what we're seeing today with China with digital transformation with AI, and we're thinking about the folks from Booz basically were experts, but basically, they were more supplementing what the customer did as opposed to today, where it seems like the technology level of expertise that you're bringing and others is higher. And if I look around, your numbers have been great, but your peers are also putting up some pretty good numbers. Part of that, obviously, is the strong flow-through of these hefty FY '23 budgets. But are we moving to a period where you think your industry, and Booz specific, can kind of de-link from kind of looking at what's the O&M budget, what's the R&D budget, what's the Intel budget? Because you're taking a bigger chunk of that budget, and we're looking at maybe some secular upward shift in your total sector's growth?
I -- let me speak about us a little bit. I think if you look at it broadly, and I think you were making this point really well, Cai, it -- if you go back, when I started in this business, the vast majority of innovation was funded really in the government. You go back 50 years, I mean space program was inventing things that the private sector would then adopt. If you go back to the diverse of the Internet, right? I mean that was a DARPA program that this private sector adopted. If you look at the way things work now, the flow of innovation is really in the other direction. The funding for innovation that the private sector can provide now outspend the government every year. And I think that's an American strength. I think that is actually fundamentally a good thing.
And so in that context, I think your question makes a lot of logical sense. [indiscernible] technologies continue to grow, I think Booz Allen is particularly well positioned because we started early because we have the right partnerships because of the talent base that you described to take advantage of these secular trends over years. I think overall, the market has to be linked to the budget by definition. But as you well know, not every part of the budget grows at the same speed, not every part of the market grows at this speed. And I think key to our success is not just being to take share in the places where we are, but also to be positioned against the fastest areas of growth in the market. And to the extent that we can continue to do that, we obviously, in any given year, this is an election year, we need to be cognizant of potential turbulence. But in the medium and long term, we're very optimistic.
And our next question comes from Sheila Kahyaoglu with Jefferies.
Congratulations to Ralph. A really great succession story. In terms of -- I wanted to first ask about your health business. You said it doubled to $2 billion and some work with the VA. What type of runway do you see in health going forward given the technology implementation you have? And are there recompete opportunities from other competitors with VA and PACTs act?
So our health business is an extraordinary business that has -- it's a true success story. If you go back 10, 15, 20 years, it really was not a significant contributor to the portfolio. Now it's a real source of pride, reaching $2 billion, doubling in 5 years and and really demonstrating the Booz Allen's proposition of bringing technology to these national priority missions. I think as we look forward and into the coming years, the acceleration of the digital transformation of our entire public health infrastructure from the support of veterans or the VA to really the transmission of information across this very complex health system in our country to the preparation and to be better prepared for the next health emergency, if it arises, when it arises.
Those are the missions that we are centered around. That is the work that we're doing. And we expect that work overall to continue to grow. And it's competitively intense because it is very important work. It is really good work. And it is work we excel at. As I said earlier with Mariana's questions, there's a concentration of recompetes in that business this year. It's in part the calendar, it's in part of the fact that actually some of these long programs, we are doing so much work and it's so good work that we're actually going through the ceiling before the end of the period of performance and so they're getting recompeted a little early.
I think the quality of our work, the new insights and the new technology we're bringing to it position us well for all of these recompetes. And here's yet another place where it's almost like we all divide the work between new work and recompetes, and that makes sense sort of as a characterization, but so much because the government is bundling procurement, these recompetes are both recompetes and new work all at the same time.
There's increase in scope, there's increase in ceiling, there's new opportunity, and you've followed us for a long time, and I think 1 of the things that we're really good at is when we win work, whether it's recompete with expanded scope, whether it's a new program, we are uniquely good at tactically sell into that so that a $1 billion of sealing actually becomes $1 billion of work over the life of the contract because we know how to find opportunities and make sure that our clients get full access.
Okay and then maybe just in terms of the other half of the portfolio in Civil, can you talk about some of the drivers of growth there? And can you -- do you expect to see double digits in fiscal '25?
This is a -- we're actually excited about the entire portfolio. And Sheila, I'm glad you asked that question because we talked so much about our health business because it's such a success story. But the rest of the portfolio in our work in treasury continues to grow. We're doing, again, exciting work whether it's fraud detection, whether it's bringing AI to some of these missions for efficiency and effectiveness, whether it is the underlying digital transformation of some of these agencies and certainly the cyber protection of this entire .gov domain. These are areas where Booz Allen has leading positions and excels.
And the other part of our portfolio that is also exciting and growing is our law enforcement portfolio with the federal agencies. We are seeing opportunity there. We've been investing in some of those clients for a while, and these investments are now taking hold, and we expect to see good growth there, too.
[indiscernible] to go outside health. I mean if you look at the entirety of the portfolio, I would say, [indiscernible], I think you agree with this, our growth is probably as broad-based as it ever has been. I mean even in our intel business, the fact that they were able to grow 5% this year with the loss of F2, this speaks to the underlying strength in the business. So it's a -- we're an interesting spot, having just gone through with Christine in the review of all of our sectors and the accounts that underlie them. There's just a lot of optimism, and it's very broad-based.
That's a really good point. I mean our Defense business grew 20% this year. I think the last time that our Defense business grew 20%, it was maybe 1/5 of its size. So it grew this year, the entire [indiscernible] that it was that year. So we're, for a good reason, feeling very good. And as I continue to say we're cognizant of the fact that this is an election year, that the budget situation going into the next government fiscal year is something we all need to keep a close eye on, and we are, and that's why we're taking advantage of the momentum that we have.
And our last question comes from Louie DiPalma with William Blair.
Horacio, in your prepared remarks, when you discussed your outsized role in INDOPACOM and then on LinkedIn last month, you highlighted your recent trip to Okinawa. Were you alluding to your role with the JADC2 development and your connected Battlefield platform? And, in February, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, Kathleen Hicks, she was at an AI symposium, and she indicated that for the first time the DoD has attained a minimum viable level for JADC2 to counter China into INDOPACOM comments. I'm under the impression that you're playing a major role there. So is that true? And are you deeply involved there?
Louie, what I can say is that our growth in INDOPACOM is broad-based. As I've said in this call, I spent time in Taiwan, I spent time in Japan. I spent time -- a fair amount of time in Hawaii. And the conversations between our clients, from my perspective, are all about speed, how can we accelerate bringing technology to the theater in support of the mission. The C2 portfolio is obviously an important area of focus, a particular area of focus. The fact that you have to communicate across all these platforms, across all of these businesses in what could be sort of challenged electromagnetic spectrum, those are areas that we're thinking very deeply about and we're very involved in making investments. And so those are the kinds of things that we think about and more to come.
Great. And for Matt, what would you attribute your hiring strength to? Have you been making tech investments to improve your recruiting and onboarding? And has anything structurally changed that's allowing you to grow and improve employee utilization above your historical pace? And has the generational like AI excitement been positive from a recruiting standpoint?
The answer to your question broadly is yes, Louie. We've made a number of improvements, including using technology to really enhance and expedite the entire portion of the recruiting cycle. But remember, about 1/3 of our employees come from referrals, which just gives you a sense of the power of the employee value proposition. And I think people are joining Booz Allen not just because we're better able to find them and process them, they're joining me on because they want to be here. We're doing exciting work, and we're offering them careers and pathways, particularly for our technical talent as well as our mission-focused talent that really want to have an impact that they find meaningful.
The only thing I [indiscernible] and we're not seeing utilization above historic levels. I think our utilization is is fine. But it's where it should be. So that's not -- that hasn't been a driver of goods. It really has been -- obviously, we've got to work to put people on and we're doing a better job of attracting and retaining the kind of talent that we want.
Yes. I mean I'll add to that simply by saying, we're saying internally, we're 110 years young. And we use that language specifically because it's a really vibrant environment inside Booz Allen right now. Our people feel it, people that are looking for a job are attracted to it. And the work that we're doing, the clients we're doing it for, and the way in which we work with 1 another, I think, are all talent magnets. And that's what gives us optimism for the future in an uncertain environment.
Thank you. At this time, I'd like to turn the call back over to Horacio for any closing remarks. Thank you.
Thank you all for your questions and for joining us this morning. As I was just saying, at Booz Allen, we are so proud of our history and equally excited about the future. We are working in our virtuous circle, where our strategy drives our performance, Performance drives investment, which creates opportunity and opportunities simply attract great talant that give us this cycle all over again. Just this week, we held our Booz Allen Excellence Awards, which is our internal effort to both highlight and celebrate the talent that we have and the incredible work that they do. And this was an opportunity to hear some amazing stories of how we're supporting our veterans, our helping the local communities how we're closing major national security vulnerabilities, our efforts to protect American troops and to stop cyber attacks.
We had a chance to reflect on how we help the country get through a global pandemic and how we're helping the country prepare for any future health emergency. For 10 years 110 years, Booz Allen has always supported our clients and our nations and we highlight the fact that we do it with excellence. It's not just what we do, it's who we are. And every day, the people of this company continue to deliver excellence. We really do have the most amazing team, and I am just so proud to work with them. Thank you, Booz Allen if you're listening for all you do, and thank you all again for joining us this morning. Have a great day.
Thank you for your participation. This does conclude the program, and you may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.