Alaska Air Group Inc
NYSE:ALK
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Alaska Air Group Inc
Earnings Call Analysis
Q2-2024 Analysis
Alaska Air Group Inc
Alaska Air achieved a record $2.9 billion in revenue for the second quarter of 2024, with nearly $1 billion of this generated from its premium segments. This success is highlighted by a 15.8% adjusted pretax margin, which is expected to lead the industry. This margin indicates strong profitability, particularly during the typically profitable summer peak.
A noteworthy development is the tentative agreement with Alaska Air's flight attendants, which includes a 32% increase in compensation. This deal, expected to conclude the labor cycle pending ratification in August, reflects the company's commitment to its workforce and is anticipated to bring stability and alignment as Alaska Air continues to focus on being a top-tier operator.
The company has maintained a completion rate of 99.5% each month this quarter, underscoring its operational reliability. Alaska Air is also addressing weaker seasonal periods in the first and fourth quarters with targeted efforts to enhance margins during these times.
In the quarter, Alaska Air submitted a second request for information to the DOJ regarding its planned acquisition of Hawaiian Airlines. The review process is expected to conclude by August 5, potentially advancing Alaska Air's aim to strengthen its market presence both domestically and internationally.
The airline has demonstrated strong cost management, reporting a nearly 2% year-over-year decrease in unit costs. This improvement, better than expected, reflects the efficacy of the company's aggressive internal plans and dedication of its teams. Continued focus on cost control is part of Alaska Air’s strategy to maintain its competitive edge.
Growth in Alaska Air's premium cabins remains a highlight, with first-class and premium class revenues increasing by 8% and 6% year-over-year, respectively. The company is investing in expanding premium seating across its fleet, expected to be completed by mid-2026. This includes adding premium class to its regional Embraer 175 fleet and increasing premium class seats on Boeing 737-800s, 737-900ERs, and MAX 8s and 9s.
Alaska Air’s loyalty program continues to perform strongly, with $430 million in bank cash remuneration this quarter. The program is being enhanced with new partnerships, such as with Built, and expanded partner selling platforms covering 23 global airlines. These initiatives are designed to attract younger members and build long-term loyalty.
Looking ahead, Alaska Air expects capacity growth of less than 2.5% for the full year of 2024, with adjustments made to better align supply and demand during off-peak periods. The company’s initiatives are projected to help maintain or marginally improve unit revenues in the third quarter, driven by strong performances in August and September following a softer July.
The expected ratification of the flight attendant contract, along with other labor agreements, will result in higher costs, impacting the second half of the year's unit costs. Despite these increases, Alaska Air remains committed to maintaining its unit cost advantage and adapting its business model accordingly.
Alaska Air has strategically adjusted its network and capacity for the third quarter to better match supply with demand, particularly during off-peak periods. The company’s proactive approach includes planning nearly flat capacity for August and September compared to 2023.
Alaska Air has adjusted its full-year EPS guidance midpoint down by $0.25 to accommodate the new labor contract and current domestic environment. Still, the airline expects to remain among the top margin producers in the industry, leveraging its strong fundamentals and differentiated business model to achieve sustained financial results.
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Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Alaska Air Group 2024 Second Quarter Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] Today's call is being recorded and will be accessible for future playback at alaskaair.com. I would now like to turn the call over to Alaska Air Group's Vice President of Finance, Planning and Investor Relations, Ryan St. John.
Thank you, operator, and good morning. Thank you for joining us for our second quarter 2024 earnings call. Yesterday, we issued our earnings release along with several accompanying slides detailing our results, which are available at investor.alaskaair.com.
On today's call, you'll hear updates from Ben, Andrew and Shane. Several others of our management team are also on the line to answer your questions during the Q&A portion of the call. This morning, Air Group reported second quarter GAAP net income of $220 million. Excluding special items and mark-to-market fuel hedge adjustments, Air Group reported adjusted net income of $327 million.
As a reminder, our comments today will include forward-looking statements about future performance, which may differ materially from our actual results. Information on risk factors that could affect our business can be found within our SEC filings. We will also refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures such as adjusted earnings and unit costs, excluding fuel. And as usual, we have provided a reconciliation between the most directly comparable GAAP and non-GAAP measures in today's earnings release. Over to you, Ben.
Thanks, Ryan, and good morning, everyone. As we closed out another strong quarter, we remain steadfast in executing on the key pillars that are paramount to our success, safety and operational excellence, financial strength and taking care of our guests and employees. A few highlights for the quarter include achieving $2.9 billion in revenue, the highest quarterly result in our history, with nearly $1 billion generated from our premium segments.
Our 15.8% adjusted pretax margin will likely lead the entire industry, differentiating us from other domestic focused peers in terms of profitability. We continue to prove that our ability to achieve industry-leading profits during the second quarter and the summer peak is unmatched. And at the same time, we are actively working to improve margins in the seasonally weaker Q1 and Q4.
We're happy to announce a record tentative agreement with our flight attendants, underscoring our deep appreciation for their vital role in our business. This includes a 32% increase in compensation, aligning with industry standards and reflecting our commitment to their futures. This would mark the completion of our last major labor contract and pending ratification in August, it will conclude this labor cycle for us.
Making investments in our people remains a focus, and we look forward to the stability and alignment that our labor contracts bring as we focus on being best-in-class operators. Our resolute focus on cost management and productivity across the business remains strong, driving a unit cost result that is among the best in the industry, down nearly 2% year-over-year.
This was even better than our expectations, reflecting the dedication of our teams and carrying out our aggressive internal plans. We ran a safe, reliable operation with a completion rate of 99.5% or better each month this quarter as our teams were focused on delivering for our guests. And lastly, an update on our planned acquisition of Hawaiian Airlines.
In the quarter, we submitted the DOJ's second request for information. We are maintaining close and transparent communication with the DOJ as they finalize their review process expected to be completed by August 5 when we anticipate learning more about potential next steps. Now turning to our business outlook.
As we move into the second half of the year, we are adjusting the midpoint of our full year EPS guide by $0.25 to reflect the economics of our flight attendant deal as well as the current domestic environment. That said, the fundamental drivers that have consistently placed us among the top margin producers in the industry remain unchanged.
In terms of growth in aircraft deliveries, we have acquired 10 MAX aircraft from Boeing while maintaining vigilant oversight of the production process to guarantee nothing but the highest quality aircraft are delivered to us. But line of sight and increased confidence to 2024 Boeing deliveries, we now expect full year capacity growth to be less than 2.5%. Although lower than the level of growth we configure the business for this year, our teams are doing a great job managing costs and productivity.
Operational excellence is core to our DNA, and we are committed to being best-in-class operators and delivering for our guests. We're off to a great start as we fly our largest-ever summer schedule and posted a 99.5% completion rate over the fourth of July holiday period despite some challenging weather and airport construction projects. As a further testament to the care our employees provide for our guests and our commitment to run a safe, reliable, on-time airline with exceptional service, recently released DOT data for 2023 shows Alaska generated the lowest number of customer complaints per 100,000 guests of any U.S. airline.
This result is an improvement versus [ 2020 ] 75% better than the industry average and 35% better than the second-ranked airline. Still, we're not sitting idle. We have more to do and continue to elevate our brand and travel experience. We're making the online process easier with 23 of our One World and Global Partners now available to book through alaskaair.com.
We're enhancing the [indiscernible] guest experience with new technology and a beautiful new terminal and lounge at San Francisco, where we are the second largest carrier and a state-of-the-art stunning and brand-new lobby in Portland. We're also stepping up our premium exposure given the strength in demand and shift in guest preference towards this segment.
With the first modification set to begin this September, this was a decision made some time ago. We'll be adding 6 premium class seats to our 737-900ER and MAX 9 fleets and 4 first-class seats to our 737-800 fleet, driving our total premium seat mix up 3 points to 28% when completed. I'm excited that we are making this investment as we continue to respond to guest preference and diversify our revenue base. This is a dynamic industry that requires constant adaptation and course corrections.
Had it not been for the full $223 million impact from Flight 1282 and the fleet grounding to start the year we'd be on track for improving full year margins versus last year, even amidst a softer domestic demand environment and continued material step-ups in industry labor costs. And still, we expect to be a top 3 margin producer and far and away the strongest domestic focused carrier.
I am grateful for the talented and dedicated team of employees here at Air Group and building a business model designed to excel and achieve long-term success. The underlying fundamentals are embedded in our DNA, a strong balance sheet operational excellence, guest care and our relentless focus on areas within our control. I am confident that our investments going forward build on our unique competitive advantages including the potential acquisition of Hawaiian Airlines, which, if approved, we believe will enhance our strength as we broaden our presence in both domestic and international markets. At Alaska, we meet challenges head-on and we are committed to maintaining a track record of consistent success day in and day out just as we have done for years. And with that, I'll turn it over to Andrew.
Thanks, Ben, and good morning, everyone. Today, my comments will highlight our second quarter results as well as provide color on our third quarter outlook and capacity guidance. We achieved a record $2.9 billion in revenue this quarter, up 2% year-over-year. This was on capacity increased 6%, resulting in unit revenues down 3.7%.
Notably, this unit revenue result reflects the impact of $60 million in lost revenue attributed to the fleet grounding or 2 points of lost RASM. Throughout the quarter, unit revenues moderated as our and industry capacity reached peak growth in the month of June. Lower load factors also increased sequentially, reaching 87% in June.
Our 84% load factor for the quarter below the records of the past 2 years saw outsized impacts from regions with double-digit capacity additions that pressurized both yields and loads more than originally anticipated. As you know, the past few years have demonstrated significant volatility in passing demand but I believe trends are stabilizing and should continue to allow us to optimize further.
For the most part, booking patterns are similar to what they were pandemic and business travel has largely returned. For Alaska, I still see opportunity in front cabins given guest preferences as well as network refinement to match when and where guests want to fly. Our premium cabins continue to be the bright spot in our performance.
First Class and premium class revenues were up 8% and 6% year-over-year, respectively, and continue to outpace main cabin revenue growth. Paid first-class load factor was 71% for the quarter, up 4 points on flat yields. As Ben mentioned, we are continuing to invest in premium seating.
Late last year, we added a real premium class to our regional Embraer 175 fleet and starting this fall, approximately 220 of our mainline aircraft on property, including all our 800s, 900ERs and MAX 8s and 9s will start being fitted with additional premium seats with loss in total ship seats with program completion by mid-2026.
We Similarly, our loyalty program remains strong with bank cash remuneration totaled $430 million for the quarter. We are constantly strengthening the value of the program with new and varied offerings that allow our guests to build value in different ways. We found unique ways to attract younger, next-generation mileage plan MEMS to build lifetime loyalty. Our recent partnership with Built where customers can pay rent with Alaska's credit card and earn triple miles, for example, has had great initial results.
Our partner selling platform now covers 23 global airlines, including the recent addition of our long-time partner, British Airways. To date, Guests have purchased tickets to more than 80 countries and ticket sales are up 53% year-to-date. We're also continuing to invest in our global loyalty proposition. Since we relaunched partner redemptions on April 1 with more content, new promotions and refreshed pricing, we've seen activity increase 61% and helping drive overall revenue contribution from our partners to 7% of our total revenue. And we continue to enhance our customer experience.
We're excited to move to a stunning new terminal in San Francisco this month which colocates us with many of our Oneworld partners. We will also open our new 11,000 square foot lounge next week. In addition to offering a world-class experience and emittes our lobby in the Harvey Milk Terminal 1 is the first to offer next-generation automated bag drop technology. This innovative and seamless self-service technology introduced in the heart of the Silicon Valley will get guests through the check-in process within minutes.
Our bag tag technology, which has been implemented system-wide has also resulted in a 30% increase in guests checking in digitally before they arrive at the airport, and guests using self-server check-in for bags has doubled to over 70%. We've also reintroduced hot meals for prepurchase onboard our aircraft in our premium and main cabins.
At Alaska, we are focused on quality experience for all our guests. We are excited to continue investing in the products and amenities that create this premium experience for them. Turning to our managed corporate business travel remains solid throughout the quarter following the significant step-up we experienced at the beginning of the year.
Corporate revenues were up 24% year-over-year in the second quarter and continue to be driven by technology companies that were up 40% year-over-year. On a revenue basis, we have now eclipsed 2019, although overall volumes are about 85% recovered. Specific to the Bay Area, we see further upside potential given the market has only recovered 80% of revenue to date.
Encouragingly, as we sit here today, held managed corporate revenue on the books is up over 15%. Now turning to our outlook and guidance. We expect capacity to moderate sequentially to upto 2% to 3% year-over-year in the third quarter. Similarly, domestic industry capacity is set to increase approximately 3% year-over-year in the third quarter, that's down from the 6% increase we saw in the second quarter.
Following an exceptionally strong Q1 result, we stretched to capture more yield in the second quarter before rebalancing towards load. While we saw good results versus competitors in this peak flying period, we've made network and capacity adjustments for Q3 and beyond to better match supply and demand in off-peak periods.
Also factoring into our expectations is what we believe to be a shift in school calendars to slightly earlier summer breaks, leading to a strengthening in June versus July and August. As more leisure trips take place earlier, this has pushed June to become a stronger peak month. Given this shift along with the yield environment we observed last year during these months, we are planning for nearly flat capacity in August and September versus 2023.
Lastly, the international versus domestic traffic mix has not yet normalized, although we still believe it will over time. With over one point of demand having shifted out of domestic travel since 2019, we expect this phenomena is still detracting from high-value domestic demand that would otherwise be present.
Looking ahead, we've been encouraged by our advanced bookings, which are coming in above capacity growth with load factors for August and September building ahead of last year. We currently have 65% of forecasted coupon revenue in the books as of today's call. Given our lower growth as we go into the shoulder periods of August and September, we are seeing the benefit of stronger loads relative to last year.
These trends give us confidence that we can achieve flat to positive unit revenues in the third quarter versus last year. This assumes negative unit revenues in July, modestly positive in August and solidly positive unit revenue in September. September may have more upside potential as corporate travel traditionally picks up versus the summer months. We have a strong commercial plan that offers great value for our guests is producing results and has room to grow.
Our upcoming fleet modifications will expand our premium offering, adding 1.3 million lifted seats annually. I'm excited to drive more revenue from this side of the business from the 25% premium seat mix today to 28% of seats when completed, layering on our comprehensive network both our own and through our partners internationally, guests can go anywhere in the world, and they can do so while accruing currency in the most valuable loyalty program out there.
While Alaska doesn't offer long-haul international services on our own metal, our guests consistently choose to fly our partner airlines when taking these trips, choosing one of the attractive options within the global Alaska ecosystem. This is among the many reasons our multifaceted approach to creating a premium experience across our product segmentation drives value for our guests differentiates us from domestic peers and supports long-term sustained financial results. And with that, I'll pass it over to Shane.
Thanks, Andrew, and good morning, everyone. We delivered a strong second quarter, which is now by a large distance, our strongest quarter of the year. June has become our strongest margin month of the year, and while margins were down slightly year-over-year, the gap to 2023 narrowed in each month of the quarter sequentially. Absent the impacts of the fleet grounding during the first quarter, our results in the first half of this year would have improved nicely versus 2023 an indication of the strong underlying business model we have created.
And while we are seeing similar trends demand-wise as others, and we'll experience a significant step-up in labor costs, should our tentative agreement with our flight attendants ratify, our expectation is that our full year pretax results, again, adjusted for the impact of the fleet grounding would be similar or better than 2023's full year result of 7.5%.
Turning to our second quarter. Our adjusted earnings per share was $2.55 with what we believe will be an industry-leading adjusted pretax margin of 15.8%. Fuel price per gallon was $2.84, down from $3.08 in the first quarter. In particular, we were encouraged to see West Coast refining margins returned to being on par with Gulf Coast during the quarter.
Our total liquidity inclusive of on-hand cash and undrawn lines of credit stood at $3.1 billion at quarter end. Debt repayments for the quarter were approximately $50 million and are expected to be approximately $110 million in the third quarter. We continue to have one of the healthiest balance sheets in the industry with debt to cap at 45% and net debt-to-EBITDA at 1 turn.
Share repurchases totaled $28 million this quarter for a year-to-date total of $49 million, and we are tracking to at least fully offset dilution for the year. Second quarter unit costs were down 1.9% year-over-year, coming in better than our original expectation as our teams continue to do a great job managing costs with incrementally better results across the organization.
Productivity improved again this quarter with passengers per FTE up 2.3%. This was the sixth consecutive quarter of productivity improvement adjusted for the impact of the fleet grounding, a trend we expect to continue going forward.
Turning to third quarter guidance. We expect more pressure on unit costs than we saw in the first and second quarters, which we anticipate will be in the high single-digits for the back half of the year. I will provide deal what is driving in this, but would note that we have the toughest comp in the industry given that we led in cost performance in the second half of last year, with unit costs down 5% versus an industry average up 3% year-over-year in the third quarter, creating a natural headwind to those results.
For the third quarter this year, we are seeing a 5- to 6-point drag on CASMex ex from the following Boeing areas. First, 2 points of headwind is from having configured our business for a higher level of growth than we will realize this year, primarily driven by fewer and later deliveries from one. While we have done an excellent job managing costs down in the face of lower growth, we are still not at an optimal level.
While this will be a future opportunity and tailwind as we continue to rightsize our cost structure at these new growth levels, it's driving a headwind in Q3. Second, we are seeing about a 1 point of pressure from the timing of costs shifting to later in the year. This includes modestly higher maintenance spend in the second half and airport real estate costs that reset July 1. And Third, labor costs continue to step up materially, and we will see 2 points of pressure from our agreement with our flight attendants, assuming it ratifies.
And also in the labor cost category, there's a little more than a 1-point headwind from the annualization of our pilot wage snap up to industry from last September and the new agreement with our technicians from late last year. We are excited about the investments we've been able to make in our people. And with line of sight to closing our last labor deal of this round of bargaining, we now have more visibility into our future cost structure, which we now need to fully adapt our business model too.
Importantly, our long-term strategy and commitment is to maintain our unit cost advantage versus our competitors, and we remain confident this continues to be the case. On a stage length adjusted CASMex basis, we still expect to finish the year with one of the best results in the industry versus 2019. While unit metrics may be pressured in the near term, as I noted on the last few calls, we will continue to be responsible with capacity given the current demand context, and we'll focus on prioritizing margin and profitability over other metrics.
Fuel remains somewhat unpredictable, but trends in the last quarter have been a welcome change with crude around $80 a barrel and West Coast refining margins averaging only a $0.03 premium over Gulf Coast for the quarter. Although these spreads have recovered more in line with historical levels, we are still focused on neutralizing the West Coast fuel disadvantage we've seen through other initiatives over time.
For the third quarter, we expect our economic fuel cost per gallon to be between $2.85 and $2.95. Taken all together, we expect third quarter EPS to be $1.40 to $1.60 and we've adjusted our full year EPS lower by $0.25 at the midpoint. These are both principally driven by an outlook that now incorporates a new labor contract, more moderate growth in the second half of the year and the moderated domestic fare environment we've experienced recently compared to a few months earlier in the year.
That said, we still expect to be in the top group of margin producers in the industry, both this year and in years to come. Absent the grounding, we're on track to achieve at least flat margins versus last year, validating our differentiated business model and the strong fundamentals that underpin it. And in a more premium leaning environment, we're excited to not only add premium seats, but to do so without removing any total seats from our planes, a positive for revenue and our unit cost.
By any metric, Alaska has a long record of success. As we continue to build on our competitive advantages and apply learnings to adjust parts of our business within our control, we are strengthening our already successful business model that's helping us win in today's environment. And as the industry continues to evolve, we will adapt and position ourselves to continue delivering margins amongst the best in the industry. And with that, let's go to your questions.
[Operator Instructions]
And our first question today will come from Jamie Baker with JPMorgan.
It's 2 in a row. I should be paranoid. So a deal-related question, folks. So with Virgin, you disclosed, you were speaking with Justice and remedies were being bantered about. I'm trying to square that against what you said in the prepared remarks regarding the August 5th [ 8 ]. It sounds as if you're not yet having constructive discussions. Rather Eurado wait and see mojust as the market is to hear back from justice by then, is that how I should incorporate Ben's opening remarks?
Yes, Jamie, look, we went through the entire process with the DOJ and all the documents and discussions have occurred. We're in the home stretch here in 2 weeks. And we're waiting to see what DOJ comes back to us with. So we've made our case and we feel pretty strong about our case on being a pro-consumer and pro competitive. So we'll wait the DOJ's decision and go from there.
Perfect. And then second, on a yield basis, what's your paid premium class, not first class, but premium class paid premium to traditional or average economy yields. I know it's a metric you don't usually disclose. I'm estimating it's in the 15% to 20% range, just trying to find out if I'm close with that forecast.
Yes, Jamie, I think you are. Of the top of my head, I can tell the entire cabin is around 40%, and about half of those are paid versus not. So I think you're -- that's sort of where we sit at that -- so it's a good 40% for the cabin over the main cabin and it's been very encouraging.
Sure. But -- and again, but your 40% includes Elite upgrades, right?
Correct -- Okay. There's about half of them. Yes. Okay. Perfect.
And we'll move next to Duane Feniger with Evercore ISI.
I don't know if you have this metric, but overall competitive capacity in your markets. What was that growth in 2Q? And how do you see that evolving in 3Q and perhaps.
Duane, it was elevated, as you're aware. And even in my prepared remarks, an area like Alaska long haul, industry capacity was up over 20%, which is 12% of our network. But as you through all of our hubs, looking forward in certainly, September, October, seats are sort of flat to very low single digits up. So very much a significant reduction in the overall trajectory of growth that we see today.
Great. And sorry to stay with you, but you piqued my interest with the 65% booked comment. Can you put that in context for us revenue pacing of 65% at this point? How would that compare to, say, last year or maybe 2019?
2019 off the top of my head, we might need to follow up on that. But it's -- this is in line. It's normally anywhere in the mid-60s, headed towards the higher 60s. So it's certainly right in line over the last year or 2.
And our next question will come from Scott Group with Wolfe Research.
So Shane, I want to focus on the cost side a little bit. So I totally get the year-over-year comps are harder on CASM and less capacity growth hurts unit costs. I want to try and focus on just absolute costs for a minute.
So if you just look like Q2 to Q3, you're guiding to like a 10%, 11% increase just in absolute cost ex fuel with capacity only up 5%. And it's like almost $200 million. Help us bridge that to -- a little less than $200 million but help us bridge that? How much is pilot sorry, flight attendant, how much is the other factors? And does that new level of costs stay? Does that start to come down again as you go out to fourth quarter next year? Just any thoughts?
Yes. Thanks, Scott. In terms of like proportionality, I think labor is going to be 1/3 or so of the increase just on a percentage basis, with the bulk of that being the flight attendant contract. We do have another much more modest snap up with our pilots that will occur in September again, very different in magnitude than last year, but the last rate adjustment we have in the current contract.
The rest is really like there's some shifting timing things. We had a significant credit on the airport cost side in the first half of the year, but hit June. And as I noted in my prepared remarks, you've got new rates coming in with airports in July 1. And so we've got a slightly lower base in Q2 that rolls over to Q3. Maintenance is similar. There's some shifts from Q2 to Q3.
I don't think any of our costs are structurally different than any of our competitors. And that's -- we've talked about this quite a bit, and we will continue to. We are going to ultimately maintain our cost advantage against the legacies and shrink the cost gap to the LCCs. We have lower cost and [indiscernible] blue today, we're close to Southwest. And we're not letting delinated America can encroach on us.
And that's what our expectation is for the balance of the year and as we go forward. The other thing, I just want to make sure I know, I think we had 6 consecutive quarters of productivity improvement. That will continue, even though we're having to adjust growth lower, and it's going to be a tailwind throughout the rest of this year and into next year.
So we don't expect a high single-digit number to be a new normal for us at all. I think it's timing and some material step-up costs in labor rates, which I think this is probably the last of this size as we close this particular negotiation cycle down if our flight attendants ratify their deal.
Okay. That's helpful. And then -- so everyone has -- all the airlines so far have talked about, hey, you look at August, September, things start to flatten out on capacity, it looks good. When I just look at current schedules, it looks like you guys reaccelerate in Q4. So is that just a placeholder and you think that gets revised down for Q4 closer to flat? And for you, like you are in September? And then any early thoughts about how to think about capacity in '25.
Just on the -- Scott, on the capacity, as you heard in our prepared remarks, the year will be sort of sub 2.5%. What I'm expecting is that Q4 on a year-over-year basis will actually be a little lower than Q3 is what I'm seeing.
Yes. In 2025, not ready to speak to. One thing I will share though is we expect to take fewer deliveries next year of aircraft. And we do expect to retire more aircraft than we did this year. And so I think it's going to -- we're going to be judicious about capacity and really be thoughtful about network and making sure we're -- as I said in prepared remarks this time and on the last call, and I think the call before that, really focused on expanding margins for the company as we go forward.
And we'll take our next question from Andrew Didora with BofA Global Research.
Shane, I was actually going to ask the 2025 capacity question as well. But I guess, kind of big picture, given kind of the delivery delays. Is it fair to say that next year will continue to remain below sort of your medium- to longer-term targets of kind of mid-single-digit growth?
Yes, Andrew, I think that's a fair way to look at it. I think we're going to we really want the 10, and I think that certification is extending to the right. That's really what the bulk of our forward order book is now positioned as a MAX 10. And I think there's a lot of opportunity for us to continue to work and further optimize the network. And so I think it's fair that we would likely be below as we sit here today, looking out our longer-term sort of growth target in 2025.
Yes. Got it. Makes sense. And just thinking about it in that type of growth environment, will we see unit costs kind of at that similar high single-digit level into the first half of '25 because it doesn't seem like much of these headwinds will ease by then? Or do you expect some sort of relief earlier than that?
Yes. Thanks, Andrew. It's really early for us to be thinking about or talking about 2025. What I would say is, philosophically, no, we wouldn't expect to see this level of elevated unit costs. It's not been a part of our thinking about the business or the business model. It's not going to become a part of our thinking about the business model to have high single-digit unit cost.
And I think for the full year, we're going to be in a fair place. And if you look at us against 2022 or against 2019, were no different holding our own on a unit cost basis against all of the industry. And we'll be very mindful about continuing to work on the productivity and other efficiency levers in the business.
Some of these things do begin to actually lap in the part of the base next year. And then last thing I'd just remind you, we had a lot of capacity out of Q1 of last year. So there's going to be some noise in the comps even as we go forward in 2025.
And we'll move next to Dan McKenzie with Seaport Global.
Going back to the premium on economy, is the 40% premium over mainline cabin across all stage links? Or is it reasonable to assume it's a little bit higher in the longer haul and a little bit less on the shorter haul flights?
Dan, yes, that's absolutely correct. And just as a reminder, we have a premium class across our entire regional fleet as well. And our stage length is one of the longest domestically in the industry. And so this is why premium class is such a huge asset for us. And I think our regional aircraft probably fly most -- longer than other regional aircraft as well. So that's why the PC product is a really good fit for us.
Yes, of course. And then going back to San Francisco being 80% recovered? How much revenue does that account for? And is it primarily corporate that hasn't recovered or leisure? And then how are we -- how are you thinking about the recovery cadence from here?
Dan, my comments were specifically to business travel. And I think we have the network post COVID positioned very well in California. And as you look at our growth, Certainly, in the Bay Area has been very moderate just because we're not going to get ahead of the demand curve there. And again, in Los Angeles, we've been focusing more on some of these Latin and high leisure markets, which have generating revenue done quite well for us.
But again, we are on a low growth cadence here for the next little bit, and what we will be doing is spending a lot of time. There's sort of no autopilot here on network. We will be managing this dynamically through this year and into next year to ensure that we've got the airplanes in the right markets to maximize our revenues and to accommodate where our guests actually want to fly.
And our next question will come from Ravi Shanker with Morgan Stanley.
Kudos for sneaking in that autopilot fund in there. Just on the premium cabin, kind of just given the new initiatives and the target to kind of raise the mix there, where is that incremental customer coming from? Is that converting from main cabin? Is that coming from One World partner airline? Is that coming from other legacy carriers, who's the incremental customer?
Yes. Thanks, Ravi. I think it's sort of all of the above. And I think we are being going to tell a lot more of a story around our premium product in general, both first class and premium class. Our international partners can sell into that. And we've just seen, as I shared earlier, just a real appetite and demand for that premium class cabin. I think as you look at the industry and you look at the lower end of fares, we meet those very well with our Saver fare, but we are doing a much better job at actually selling the product we have.
For instance, not too long ago, the only way you could buy premium class on us directly was to go into the seat map while you were choosing your seat, and we would upsell you there. Now we have it fully on our front page matrix, and then it will be coming to mobile here soon. So I think we have real merchandising opportunity catch demand out there that perhaps folks haven't seen it as much as we could have put it in front of them.
And Ravi, it's Ben. I just -- even higher level, we're talking about not just the premium seat but a premium experience. And I think this is what really differentiates us from our domestic competitors. From the time you check in, we're innovating lobbies with automated backdrop. We have lounges.
We have partnership with One World. We have a fantastic loyalty program with great rewards. We have the premium product on board. We've got excellent food and beverage, local food and beverage. And so you look at the entire experience, we're providing a premium experience. And I think this is where the accretion comes from with the premium seats.
Understood. That's great and look forward to experiencing that. Maybe as a follow-up, I just wanted to confirm that when you check your net promoter scores and customer like booking behavior and everything. Is everything back to normal after the January incident? Or is there still some lingering impact?
Yes. I think as we actually even said last quarter, I think the -- we're not seeing any lingering impact or effect at all from the grounding in the first quarter.
Yes. And I'll just add. I'm so proud of how our company got through the first quarter. If you think about the -- how immense that incident was on January 5 and the grounding, how our company came out of it, losses in Q1 to this fantastic quarter where we're posting in the streaming margins, it's really a tribute to all the people here. And I'm so proud of them and Ravi. And no, I think everything is behind us. And we feel pretty good going forward in the future. And I mentioned in my script, in 2023 DOT data, we had the lowest customer complaints of any airline in the industry. And I think that's just the attribute of what our people are doing out there in our operation.
We'll move next to Conor Cunningham with Melius Research.
Just as you -- just on the premium topic for a quick second. When you're expanding the first class, I'm just curious on how much CapEx is actually driving to you. I don't know if you've mentioned that anywhere. And then it seems like a pretty quick turnaround time, I just -- on this -- the whole overhaul thing. Just did you have any issues finding MRO capacity at all to do this retrofit. So I'm just curious.
Well, let me start. I think I said in my script, Conor, we just didn't come up with this a month ago and put it in here. This is something we've been thinking about a lot. We've invested in our premium experience now for many, many years, and this just doesn't happen overnight.
So on the 800s on the first-class seats, we have 12 in there. It's a smaller airplane. But over time, we feel that we need to match with the rest of our fleet. So that's where we're going to 16%. Now in terms of CapEx,.
Cornor it's going to be roughly $1 million an airplane, and it will be spread out over a couple of years. It's a new seat in the 800. The 900 ER is easier. It's just repitching and that will be done relatively quickly. And now, we've had good allocation from our MRO partners available to us or years and good capacity looking forward.
Okay. That's helpful. And then when I think about your historical seasonality of your business, you guys make the vast majority of your money in 2Q, 3Q, Ben, you mandated significant change in 1Q as you think about the opportunity in fourth quarter, what are your learnings that you saw in 1Q that you could apply to the fall? Is it more of just an off-peak versus peak changing of capacity. Just curious on how you're thinking about evolving seasonality in general of your earnings stream?
Yes, Connor, thanks for the question. I'll let Andrew provide more detail. But for us, as you know, like we are -- the Q2 and Q3, you're right, is we're super, super strong, and we outperformed mostly everyone. And Q1 and Q4, there's just several weeks in both of those quarters where it's weaker than the rest of the year. And those are the ones that we are attacking.
And like I said in my script, we try and control the things we can control, and we're going to point airplanes in places where we know we can make money. So with that, we made some -- actually some pretty significant announcements. Andrew, just a little more color on that.
Yes. And Ben is exactly right. And I think we are being more judicious than we've ever been before on the first -- on the fourth quarter and the capacity side and the days of week. But I just want to just remind folks that this is not just about network. I think we're nearly done with a 3-year monetization of our digital platform. So conversion rates, what we're able to sell, how we're able to sell. We just think there is more merchandising opportunity.
You heard that we've reracked our the whole sort of the loyalty program and how we've rolled that out and looked at redemptions domestically, globally and the awards we're monetizing more of the cabins and seats in front of the exit row excuse me, and then also the exit rows and premium class. So I think we're looking at the entire portfolio of being very exact and disciplined on the network side, but we also have numerous revenue initiatives, offering guests better product and service and more options. And I think we're going to just see us continue to improve.
Our next question comes from Mike Linenberg with Deutsche Bank.
I want to just go back, you called out in the guide about this moderating domestic revenue environment. I think, Andrew, you kind of mentioned it, I felt like I heard it a few times. How much of it is pure macro versus just supply demand out of kilter? And maybe another way of asking is that we see volumes domestically running up 6%, 7% right now. But I think the prevailing view is that maybe a much greater portion of that is stimulated demand.
Like what's your -- when you look at your forecasting and where you see things what do you think organic demand, like true demand, absent any sort of stimulation? Or are we really starting to see some macro softness? And then I have a follow-up.
Yes. Great question. What I would say is this, firstly, there's just the general population and then there's flyers and people who travel, and I do think there's a little bit of a difference there. I do think on the lower end of fares. Just even in the last 28 days, we've seen more of a shift out of OTA mix into direct, which sometimes they're the lower fares, so that would seem that there's softness there. But I think mostly for us, it's just really a capacity story.
As I said, we grew seats 8% in first class, and our revenues went up 8%. And in the second quarter. The main cabin was a little bit of a different story. So I do think that in general, demand, if we -- the adjustments we're making to our capacity, I think, will go a long way of getting equilibrium there.
Just to remind you on that, like if you look at our -- again, what counts at the bottom line, if you look at our margin and if you look at ex the impact of [ 1282 ] our full year margin, even with all the incremental cost step-ups that we have, it will be the same or better for 2024 than it was in '23. And I think that's a remarkable achievement. And I think it's a tribute of the business model we have and the investment we made in premium. And so -- like I do think there's a lot of resilience there in that we're attracting the right set of customers, and we have enough segmentation in our product to win. And so we feel pretty good about where we are and where we're going.
Great. And then just a quick one on -- now that you're well established as a oneworld partner, although maybe you're still saying you would probably tell me that you're still maybe in the third or fifth inning, not to seven. What are you seeing like the contribution? And it may even be what is driving you to go from 25% to 28% because someone who comes off a BA flight and maybe is connecting to, I don't know, a Portland or Medford or whatever, maybe even the state of Alaska.
They want that front seat product. So if we think about it, I don't know if it's load factor points or whatever that you're getting now that you've synced up very nicely. I mean you gave some numbers on how much more you're selling in the oneworld, what is that driving on your own metal?
Yes, that's a great question. And I would just say in the scheme of size, if you will, that the number of international connections onto our network, given our domestic size and what we do carry it is not a huge component of it. I think the oneworld is really our loyalty members being able to carry their elite benefits globally and staying within the oneworld system and Alaska's loyalty system is the real upside.
But nonetheless, to your point, as we continue to put more first-class seats on our aircraft as well as premium that opens up more opportunity as for all the long-haul connections we do to provide them and many of them also choosing premium seats up their long trip.
Andrew, it's 7 -- What percentage of revenues?
Total revenues from the partners is about 7% of the mix -- again...
Does that include -- Andrew, is that your regionals as well? Or is that nonregional connections?
Sorry, I think Mike, he's just saying 7% of our revenue is enabled by our partnerships. He wasn't -- we weren't talking mainline versus regional. So that's coming from our oneworld and other partners -- And I think it's going to grow from there. And to your point, it's a high-value traveler, generally speaking.
We'll hear next from Savi Syth with Raymond James.
If I might, the 3Q cost bridge chart was very helpful. I was just curious what in there might have been incremental versus what you were thinking before? And just along that the line of questions that you've gotten so far on the cost side, I think historically, I think the thinking was if you grew about 5% or a little bit higher than that, you can keep unit costs flat. Is that relationship still holding?
Savi, thanks for the question. Yes, I think in terms of the second half forecast, what has changed from like earlier in the year, certainly, the growth rate coming down and us holding resources and sort of having been configured to fly more, that -- it's not like we have a had line of sight to that, but it's certainly different than our original expectation for the year.
Our labor deal was somewhat higher in terms of the final negotiated compensation than we had been thinking about and planning for not assembly, but it was a higher deal than we had originally thought at the beginning of the year, it might be. And then the rest is really some timing shifts of airport credits and how those land relative to the rest of the year and some shift in maintenance timing. So I think the shifting of expenses happens kind of every year. It's hard to predict and in this year just happened to be relatively significant on the maintenance side and airport credit side.
The thinking in terms of leverage against growth, that we have not changed our thinking. If we grow 4% or 5%, we would expect unit cost to be flattish. And in fact, I'd like to do even a little better than that over time. That is still a philosophy that's intact and live Alaska.
That's helpful. And finally, on the new product launch, you're not taking a receive. In fact, you might be actually adding a few seats. So is that -- should we think of that being kind of a unit cost and unit revenue guy as we kind of look to the next 18 months or so?
Absolutely. And I think I mentioned that I think it was the last couple of words in my prepared remarks that, yes, we're not losing one fleet, we're adding 2 seats to the other. We're going to get premium revenue into all of those seats, and we'll have slightly more seats to spread costs over.
Our next question will come from Tom Fitzgerald with Cowen and Company.
Most of might have been answered and maybe this is too granular, but I'm just curious on the new routes into Mexico. Do you have like -- is that all just pretty much a U.S. point-of-sale leisure? Or do you have -- do you participate in any of the VFR traffic that goes back between the 2 countries?
Yes. Tom, most of it, if you look at the cities, it's just expanding our core U.S. leisure side point of sale, which have done well. And again, the good thing about these is that these are 100% new revenue sources. And while we trim capacity in other areas, This, again, you'll see the 18 routes. This is -- a lot of this doesn't start until December or even January. And a lot of this is focused on the depth of the winter in the first quarter. So we feel really good about these changes.
And Tom, welcome to the earnings call. Thanks for being on. And we won't do this again, but please send our best to the new, I guess, Managing Director and Mentor, Hale, who we'll miss on these calls.
For sure.
Our next question will come from Stephen Trent with Citigroup.
Just a follow-up, if I may. I appreciate the color on the premium increase. And forgive me if I missed this, but do you see any parallel adjustments that you might make to your app or for example, any pivots in your thinking on changes in the distribution channel as you increase that premium?
Yes, Steve, that's a great question. And as I shared earlier, we now have on our website full category of premium and we -- excuse me, our app will be updated here in the next month or so as well as some other significant changes to our app. So we have upside in distributing our products through our app, which is increasingly where bookings are going.
Okay. I appreciate that, Andrew. And just one other quick question. I appreciate what you have mentioned on the Boeing deliveries and what have you. Over the long term, do you see any possibility that perhaps the Embraer E2 could potentially play a bigger role in your fleet depending on what happens with supply from the larger OEMs?
Steve, I don't have -- we're not looking at that aircraft today. I think we're really excited about the order book we have with Boeing. We want to get the 10 into the stable of aircraft, and that's really our focus. We've got a great arrangement and deal with them. They do a great job for us, and we're really focused on executing that fleet order over the next several years.
Our next question comes from Chris with Susquehanna Financial Group.
I want to go back to, I think it was Wayne's question on competitive capacity. You did give, I think, a number for 2Q and 3Q, I think you said that you would expect -- I'm not sure for 3Q, whether you were referencing that competitive the competitive capacity drop versus your network or sort of domestic as a whole? I'm just trying to kind of localize as we think about potential opportunities for yield acceleration, whether it's broad-based or we look at your network map and see potential opportunities around hubs and things like that?
Chris, it obviously varies by carrier, by hub, I will say, at the higher level. The amount of competitive increase in CASM hubs at the highest level is extremely low single digit. On average as we go into September and October, and we continue to see adjustments to the further out. So I would just say they're somewhat flat to marginally up.
Okay. And the second question, I realize you don't want to speak to or explicitly give any color on capacity here, but for next year. But as we think about the goal of expanding margins here, and you have fewer deliveries. So should we think about the pieces of capacity to parts stage engage as sort of more stage engage, dependent or positive or accretive for next year? Just want to understand sort of at a high level how you're thinking about that because each of those pieces to come with margin -- different margin profiles?
Yes. Steve, look, I think our -- sorry, I think it's I think the growth next year is likely to be really similar to the number of units we take on. We have 1 of the longer stage lengths in the domestic industry because of where we fly off of the West Coast, most places, people are going are 3, 4, 5, 6 hours away, which is also one of the reasons our segmentation and premium configuration worked so well for us. The real next opportunity for gauge growth is when we have the MAX 10 come in. And that seems to be -- it's not next year. So maybe in 2026, we get to see a benefit from that. But we are excited to see a tick up in gauge once we start to take the 10% probably in '26.
Well, thanks, Chris, and thank you, everyone, for joining us. We'll talk to you next quarter.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for attending.