ICICI Bank Ltd

NSE:ICICIBANK

Earnings Call Transcript 2024-Q1

[Operator]

Ladies and gentlemen, good day, and welcome to ICICI Bank Limited Q1 FY 2024 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please note that this conference is being recorded.I now hand the conference over to Mr. Sandeep Bakhshi, Managing Director and CEO of ICICI Bank. Thank you, and over to you, Mr. Bakhshi.

[Sandeep Bakhshi, executive]

Thank you. Good evening to all of you, and welcome to the ICICI Bank's earnings call to discuss the results for Q1 of FY 2024. Joining us today on this call are Sandeep Batra, Rakesh, Anindya and Abhinek.The Indian economy continues to be resilient amid signs of slowdown in the global economy. The underlying indicators reflect continuing growth in economic activity with expansion in manufacturing and services PMI, higher tax collection, real estate buoyancy and resilient urban demand. The government-led CapEx cycle is continuing. Though there has been a pause in the monetary tightening cycle in India, the global and domestic inflation, liquidity and rate environment continues to evolve.At ICICI Bank, our strategic focus continues to be on growing our core operating profit less provisions, i.e., profit before tax, excluding treasury gains through the 360-degree customer-centric approach and by serving opportunities across ecosystems and micro markets. We continue to operate within our strategic framework and strengthen our franchise, enhance our delivery and servicing capabilities, and expand our technology and digital offerings.The core operating profit less provisions grew by 38% year-on-year to INR 125.95 billion in this quarter. The core operating profit increased by 35.2% year-on-year to INR 138.87 billion in this quarter. The profit after tax grew by 39.7% year-on-year to INR 96.48 billion in this quarter. Total deposits grew by 17.9% year-on-year and 4.9% sequentially at June 30, 2023. Term deposits increased by 25.8% year-on-year and 9.8% sequentially at June 30, 2023. During the quarter, the average current and savings account deposits grew by 6.6% year-on-year and 2.6% sequentially.The bank's liquidity coverage ratio for the quarter was about 124%. The domestic loan portfolio grew by 20.6% year-on-year and 4% sequentially at June 30, 2023. The retail loan portfolio grew by 21.9% year-on-year and 4.5% sequentially. Including non-fund based outstanding, the retail portfolio was 45.9% of the total portfolio. The business banking portfolio grew by 30.4% year-on-year and 3.8% sequentially. The SME portfolio grew by 28.5% year-on-year and 5 point -- 5% sequentially. The rural portfolio grew by 17.6% year-on-year and 3.6% sequentially. The domestic corporate portfolio grew by 19.3% year-on-year and 2.8% sequentially, driven by the growth across well-rated financial and non-financial corporates. The overall loan portfolio, including the international branches portfolio, grew by 18.1% year-on-year and 3.7% sequentially at June 30, 2023. We continue to enhance our digital offerings and platforms to onboard new customers in a seamless manner, provide them end-to-end digital journeys and personalized solutions, and enable more effective data-driven cross-sell and up-sell. We have shared some details on our technology and digital offerings in Slides 15 to 26 of the investor presentation.The NPA ratio was 0.48% at June 30, '23, compared to 0.84% at March 31, '23, and 0.7% at June 30, 2022. During the quarter, there were net additions of INR 18.07 billion to gross NPAs, excluding write-off and sale, reflecting mainly the seasonal higher additions in the Kisan credit card portfolio and lower recoveries and upgrades from the corporate portfolio compared to the last couple of quarters. The total provisions during the quarter were INR 12.92 billion or 9.3% of the core operating profit and 0.49% of average advances. The provisioning coverage ratio on NPA was 82.4% at June 30, 2023. In addition, the bank continues to hold contingency provisions of INR 131 billion or about 1.2% of total loans as of June 30, 2023. The capital position of the bank continued to be strong with a CET1 ratio of 16.66%, Tier 1 ratio of 16.76% and total capital adequacy ratio of 17.47% at June 30, 2023, including profits for Q1 of 2024.Looking ahead, we see many opportunities to drive risk-calibrated profitable growth. We believe our focus on Customer 360 extensive franchise and collaboration within the organization, backed by our digital offerings and process improvement and service delivery initiatives will enable us to deliver holistic solutions to customers in a seamless manner and grow market share across key segments. We will continue to make investments in technology, people, distribution and building our brand. We will remain focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet with prudent provisioning and healthy levels of capital. The principles of return of capital, "Fair to Customer, Fair to Bank" and "One Bank, One Team, One RoE" will continue to guide our operations. We remain focused on delivering consistent and predictable returns to our shareholders.I now hand the call over to Anindya.

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

Thank you, Sandeep. I will talk about loan growth, credit quality, P&L details, growth in digital offerings, portfolio trends and performance of subsidiaries.On loan growth, Sandeep covered the loan growth across various segments. Coming to the growth across retail products, the mortgage portfolio grew by 16.6% year-on-year and 3.2% sequentially. Auto loans grew by 23.7% year-on-year and 5.6% sequentially. The commercial vehicles and equipment portfolio grew by 8.1% year-on-year, and 2.4% sequentially. Growth in the personal loan and credit card portfolio was 40.6% year-on-year and 7.6% sequentially. This portfolio was INR 1,355.15 billion or 12.8% of the overall loan book at June 30, 2023. The overseas loan portfolio in U.S. dollar terms declined by 32.1% year-on-year and 5.2% sequentially at June 30, 2023. The overseas loan portfolio was about 3.1% of the overall loan book at June 30, 2023. The non-India linked corporate portfolio declined by 39.7% or about USD 182 million on a year-on-year basis. Of the overseas corporate portfolio, about 90% comprises Indian corporates, 6% is overseas corporates with Indian linkage, 2% comprises companies owned by NRIs or PIOs, and the balance 2% is non-India corporates.Coming to credit quality, there were net additions of INR 18.07 billion to gross NPAs in the current quarter compared to INR 0.14 billion in the previous quarter. The net additions to gross NPAs were INR 19.32 billion in the retail, rural and business banking portfolio and there were net deletions of gross NPAs of INR 1.25 billion in the corporate and SME portfolio. The gross NPA additions were INR 53.18 billion in the current quarter compared to INR 42.97 billion in the previous quarter. Recoveries and upgrades from gross NPAs, excluding write-offs and sale, were INR 35.11 billion in the current quarter compared to INR 42.83 billion in the previous quarter. The gross NPA additions from the retail, rural and business banking portfolio were INR 50.72 billion compared to INR 40.20 billion in the previous quarter. There were gross NPA additions of about INR 6.66 billion from the Kisan credit card portfolio in the current quarter. We typically see higher NPA additions from the Kisan credit card portfolio in the first and third quarter of our fiscal year. Recoveries and upgrades from the retail, rural and business banking portfolio were INR 31.4 billion compared to INR 31.47 billion in the previous quarter. The gross NPA additions from the corporate and SME portfolio were INR 2.46 billion compared to INR 2.77 billion in the previous quarter. Recoveries and upgrades from the corporate and SME portfolio were INR 3.71 billion compared to INR 11.36 billion in the previous quarter. The gross NPAs written off during the quarter were INR 11.69 billion. There was no sale of NPAs in the current quarter compared to sale of INR 2.01 billion for cash in the previous quarter.The non-fund based outstanding to borrowers classified as non-performing were INR 37.04 billion as of June 30, compared to INR 37.80 billion as of March 31. The bank holds provisions amounting to INR 19.64 billion against this non-fund based outstanding. The total fund-based outstanding to all standard borrowers under resolution as per various guidelines declined to INR 39.46 billion or about 0.4% of the total loan portfolio at June 30, 2023, from INR 45.08 billion as of March 31, 2023. Of the total fund-based outstanding under resolution at June 30, INR 34.06 billion was from the retail, rural and business banking portfolio and INR 5.4 billion was from the corporate and SME portfolio. The bank holds provisions of INR 12.24 billion against these borrowers, which is higher than the requirement as per RBI guidelines.Moving on to the P&L details. Net interest income increased by 38% year-on-year to INR 182.27 billion. The net interest margin was 4.78% in this quarter compared to 4.90% in the previous quarter and 4.01% in Q1 of last year. The sequential movement in the NIM reflects the lagged impact of increase in deposit rates over the last year on the cost of deposits, offset in part by an increase in loan and investment yields. Of the total domestic loans, interest rates on 46% are linked to the repo rate, 3% to other external benchmarks, and 20% to MCLR and other older benchmarks, the balance 31% of loans have fixed interest rate. The impact of interest on income tax refund on net interest margin was 3 basis points in Q1 of this year compared to nil in the previous quarter and 3 basis points in Q1 of last year. The domestic NIM was at 4.88% this quarter compared to 5.02% in the previous quarter and 4.14% in Q1 of last year.The cost of deposits were 4.31% in this quarter compared to 3.98% in the previous quarter, reflecting the increase in deposit rates over the last year, though, rates on incremental retail term deposits have largely stabilized and wholesale deposit rates have moderated. We expect the cost of deposits to continue to increase over the next couple of quarters.Non-interest income, excluding treasury gains, grew by 12% year-on-year to INR 51.83 billion in Q1 of 2024. Fee income increased by 14.1% year-on-year to INR 48.43 billion in this quarter. Fees from retail, rural, business banking and SME customers constituted about 78% of the total fees in this quarter.The dividend income from subsidiaries and associates was INR 2.91 billion in this quarter compared to INR 3.47 billion in Q1 of last year. The year-on-year decline in dividend income was due to lower final dividend from ICICI Securities Primary Dealership.On costs, the bank's operating expenses increased by 25.9% year-on-year in this quarter. Employee expenses increased by 36.3% year-on-year, reflecting the annual increments and promotions, and the increase in number of employees over the last 12 months. The bank had about 135,000 employees at June 30, 2023. The number of employees has increased by about 27,650 in the last 12 months. Non-employee expenses increased by 19.5% year-on-year in this quarter, primarily due to retail business-related expenses and technology expenses. Our branch count has increased by 174 in the first quarter, and we had 6,074 branches as of June 30, 2023. The technology expenses were about 9% of our operating expenses in this quarter.The core operating profit increased by 35.2% year-on-year to INR 138.87 billion in this quarter. Excluding dividend income from subsidiaries and associates, the core operating profit grew by 37% year-on-year.The total provisions during the year -- during the quarter, I'm sorry, were INR 12.92 billion or 9.3% of core operating profit and 0.49% of average advances, including the seasonal impact of Kisan credit card NPAs and lower write-back from corporate recoveries and upgrades relative to the last couple of quarters. The provisioning coverage on NPAs was 82.4% as of June 30, 2023. In addition, we hold INR 12.24 billion of provisions on borrowers under resolution. Further, the bank continues to hold contingency provision of INR 131 billion as of June 30, 2023. At the end of June, the total provisions, other than specific provisions on fund-based outstanding to borrowers classified as non-performing, were INR 223.46 billion or 2.1% of loans. The core operating profit less provisions grew by 38% year-on-year to INR 125.95 billion in Q1 of this year. There was a treasury gain of INR 2.52 billion in Q1 compared to a gain of INR 0.36 billion in Q1 of the previous year, primarily reflecting proprietary trading gains capitalizing on market opportunities during the quarter.The tax expense was INR 31.99 billion in this quarter compared to INR 22.6 billion in the corresponding quarter last year. The profit after tax grew by 39.7% year-on-year to INR 96.48 billion in this quarter. Sandeep earlier talked about the capital adequacy position with the CET1 ratio including profits for the quarter of 16.66%, Tier 1 ratio of 16.76% and total capital adequacy ratio of 17.47%. These ratios include the impact of increase in risk-weighted assets for operational risk, which is computed in the first quarter of every fiscal year. Also, during this quarter, there was a redemption of Tier 1 bonds of INR 40 billion.Growth in digital offerings, leveraging digital and technology across businesses is a key element of our strategy of growing the risk-calibrated core operating profit. We continue to see increasing adoption and usage of our digital platforms by our customers. There have been more than 10 million activations of iMobile Pay by non-ICICI Bank account holders at end June 2023. We have seen about 230,000 registrations by non-ICICI Bank account holders on InstaBIZ till June 30, 2023. Our Merchant STACK offers an array of banking and value-added services to retailers, online businesses and large e-commerce firms, such as digital current account opening, instant overdraft facilities based on point-of-sale transactions, connected banking services and digital store management among others. We have created more than 20 industry-specific STACKs, which provide bespoke and purpose-based digital solutions to corporate clients and their ecosystems. Our Trade Online and Trade Emerge platforms allow customers to perform most of their trade finance and foreign exchange transactions digitally. Our digital solutions integrate the export transaction life cycle with bespoke solutions providing frictionless experience to our clients and simplify customer journeys. The latest digital solutions include Insta EPC for instant disbursal of export finance, the eDocs solution for regulatory compliance, vessel tracking for real-time status update on shipments, and document tracking for movement of export document. About 70% of trade transactions were done digitally in Q1 of this year. The value of transactions through the Trade Online and Trade Emerge platforms in Q1 2024 was 1.4x the value in Q1 2023.We have provided details on our retail, business banking and SME portfolio on Slides 32 to 43 of the investor presentation. The loan non-fund based outstanding to -- the loan and non-fund based outstanding to performing corporate and SME borrowers rated BB and below was INR 42.76 billion at June 30, 2023, compared to INR 47.04 billion at March 31, 2023, and INR 82.09 billion at June 30, 2022. The total outstanding of INR 42.76 billion includes INR 7.27 billion of loan and non-fund based outstanding to borrowers under resolution. The maximum single borrower outstanding in the BB and below portfolio was less than INR 5 billion as of June 2023. At June 2023, we held provisions of INR 4.02 billion on the BB and below portfolio compared to INR 4.09 billion at March 31. This includes provisions held against borrowers under resolution included in this portfolio.The total outstanding to NBFCs and HFCs was INR 874.18 billion at June 30, 2023, compared to INR 834.9 billion at March 31, 2023. The total outstanding loans to NBFCs and HFCs were about 8% of our advances at June 30. The sequential increase in the outstanding to NBFCs and HFCs is mainly due to disbursements to entities having long vintage and entities owned by well-established corporate groups.The builder portfolio, including construction finance, lease rental discounting, term loans and working capital was INR 427.12 billion at June 30, 2023, compared to INR 398.87 billion at March 31, 2023. The builder portfolio is about 4% of our total loan portfolio. Our portfolio largely comprises well-established builders and this is also reflected in the sequential increase in the portfolio. About 3.8% of the builder portfolio at June 30, 2023, was either rated BB and below internally or was classified as non-performing compared to 4.6% at March 31, 2023.Moving on to the consolidated results. The consolidated profit after tax grew by 44% year-on-year to INR 106.36 billion in this quarter. The details of the financial performance of subsidiaries and key associates are covered in Slides 46 to 49 on the investor presentation.The value of new business margin of ICICI Life was 30% in Q1 2024 compared to 32% in fiscal 2023. The value of new business of ICICI Life was INR 4.38 billion in Q1 2024 compared to INR 4.71 billion in Q1 2023. The annualized premium equivalent was INR 14.61 billion in Q1 2024 compared to INR 15.2 billion in Q1 2023. The profit after tax of ICICI Life increased by 32.7% year-on-year to INR 2.07 billion in Q1 2024 compared to INR 1.56 billion in Q1 2023.The gross direct premium income of ICICI General was INR 63.87 billion in Q1 2024 compared to INR 53.7 billion in Q1 2023. The combined ratio stood at 103.8% in Q1 2024 compared to 104.1% in Q1 2023, excluding the impact of the cyclone which was about INR 0.35 billion. The combined ratio was 102.9% for Q1 2024. The profit after tax was INR 3.9 billion in Q1 2024 compared to INR 3.49 billion in Q1 2023. The profit after tax of ICICI AMC was INR 4.74 billion in this quarter compared to INR 3.05 billion in Q1 of last year. The profit after tax of ICICI Securities, as per Ind AS on a consolidated basis, was INR 2.71 billion in this quarter compared to INR 2.74 billion in Q1 of last year. ICICI Bank Canada had a profit after tax of CAD 16.4 million in this quarter compared to CAD 7.2 million in Q1 last year. ICICI Bank U.K. had a profit after tax of USD 9.4 million this year compared to USD 3.4 million in Q1 of last year. As per Ind AS, ICICI Home Finance had a profit after tax of INR 1.05 billion in the current quarter compared to INR 0.4 billion in Q1 of last year.With this, we conclude our opening remarks, and we'll now be happy to take your questions.

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions] The first question is from the line of Mahrukh Adajania from Nuvama Wealth.

[Mahrukh Adajania, analyst]

Congratulations. My first question is on cost of funds. Over the last 2 quarters, in each of the quarters, you've seen an over 30 basis points Q-o-Q increase in cost of funds. So do we see this increase moderating from here on? And where or when do cost of funds peak? So that's my first question.

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

So, I think, I don't want to talk about the level, but we will see the cost of funds continue to increase, I would guess, for the next couple of quarters. And by then the repricing impact should have largely taken place, that trajectory will continue.

[Mahrukh Adajania, analyst]

Okay. But in, say, any kind of color that you could give on how much deposits have already been repriced and how much are pending repricing, how much liability?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

Not really, because it's a function of both scheduled and premature repayments and also, of course, now given the growth in the deposit base itself, function of the rates that we see incremental deposits are being raised. So, I think, we -- if you look at -- you could try and look at it based on sort of the current versus historic deposit rates and that should give a fair idea. We still have some way to go.

[Mahrukh Adajania, analyst]

Okay. And my next question is on loan growth. So, in the quarter, at least on a sequential basis, unsecured has grown much faster than secured, even housing. Is there any challenge to asset quality in any of the segments? So, maybe not in the income segments you operate in, but there are often [ non-noises ] about unsecured NPLs going up, it may not be for banks like you, but in general. So, any stress in any segment which could then lead the regulator to hike risk rates?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

No, I wouldn't want -- I mean, we can talk about our own portfolio. And as you can imagine, we also pay close attention to market commentary, as well as regulatory commentary and keep looking at the portfolio and various cuts of the portfolio. So we are quite comfortable with our origination and the quality of the portfolio that we have, as well as the incremental volumes that we're doing. So, no concern from our side as such. I think, we continue to see pretty decent opportunity for penetration in our existing customer base, and also for new customer acquisition in our target segments.

[Operator]

The next question is from the line of Kunal Shah from Citigroup.

[Kunal Shah, analyst]

Yes. Congratulations for a good set of numbers. So, firstly, on just the deposit growth, a lot of catch-up which has happened in this particular quarter itself, getting towards almost of 18-odd percent. So within this term deposits, incrementally how much would have been, say, wholesale versus retail?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

Since the proportion in our deposit base hasn't really changed. I think, we've always said that 75% to 80% of our deposits overall are retail and that continues. So we've seen pretty strong growth on the retail side. And, of course, we have seen some flows on the wholesale side as well, but retail continues to be the prime driver.

[Kunal Shah, analyst]

Okay. And in terms of, again, the larger part of deposits in terms of the repricing. So, Mahrukh also asked that question, but should we see further catch-up, maybe in the deposits, which would have been raised currently, this would not have entirely got reflected in terms of the cost of deposits now and that should lead to a higher cost of deposits catch-up in the coming quarter?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

As I mentioned, there is a deposit rate. Now, if you look at the retail deposit rate, it has been more or less stable for the last 6, 7 months. So, to the extent that there are deposits from prior periods that have to mature and reprice, that effect will play through. In addition, of course, the growth in deposits itself. So, if you look at this quarter, we have increased our term deposit base by about INR 620 billion. So, that growth -- incremental deposit will also affect the overall cost. So we will see a continuing increase in the cost of deposits for the next couple of quarters.

[Kunal Shah, analyst]

Sure. And second on employee costs. So, last time, you already had a one-off of the retirement and maybe the pace was expected to moderate, but in fact, even on that base we have seen a sequential uptake. So, you highlighted mainly the annual incentives, but how much would -- what could be the stable level of employee cost we should look at it? What was the one-off in terms of the annual incentives, which would have been very [indiscernible]?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

See, we don't really disclose the annual incentives, et cetera. But if you look at it, we have -- we had done significant additions to the team in the second half of last year and we have, of course, on top of that, added number of people in the first quarter as well. And also, given the increments and started the year at that level. So that is what has led to the increase in the employee cost. And from here on, we will see -- based on our business plans, we do expect to continue to hire, and that will start contributing to revenues also at some point.

[Kunal Shah, analyst]

Sure. And one last question on MCLR differential to private banks. We are still much lower, almost like 25 to 45 basis points kind of a [ gear ]. Any plans to catch up on that? Maybe, obviously, it's a factor of cost of deposits and the return expectations, but still it's much on the lower side. And should we see we're getting the benefit on the corporate when we do the lending, maybe clearly a pricing benefit vis-a-vis the private peers?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

So, I think the way in which MCLR is required to be computed is pretty prescriptive. So we basically follow those guidelines and there is an outcome, there is some discussion beyond that, but it's pretty limited. And so, there is no real question of, say, on the base MCLR, which is the one-year MCLR is doing a catch-up per se. It is a function of the formula.In terms of the corporate lending, I think, if we -- even if we look at the current level of MCLR that we have, there are, of course, corporates who are borrowing below that level. So those end up getting linked to -- do end up some amount of -- getting linked to external benchmarks and so on. So, I don't think that the level of the MCLR itself does have some impact, but not -- may not be as much, because finally what matters is really the level of yield. I mean, the MCLR is just a benchmark like other available benchmarks.

[Operator]

Kunal, sorry to interrupt you. I'll request you to join the queue again for a follow-up question. I request all the participants please restrict to 2 questions per participant.The next question is from the line of Nitin Aggarwal from Motilal Oswal.

[Nitin Aggarwal, analyst]

Congrats on the results. One question is like, has there been any change in the way ICICI Bank is looking at its subsidiaries now? Because [indiscernible] changing plans to increase stake in ICICI Lombard down for the [indiscernible] period of ICICI Securities. So, any color on that?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

And I don't think there is any fundamental change as far as ICICI Lombard is concerned. As you are aware, our shareholding had come down below 50% due to an M&A that the company has done. And as per statute, we can't hold between 30% and 50%. And when this event happened in 2020, the view was that we would have to go down to 30%, for which we had obtained the regulatory exemption for 3 years, which we subsequently were able to obtain an extension of 1 year. But as things panned out, I think we felt that it would be possible to look at increasing our stake back above 50%, and that is what we decided to do. And we are, of course, awaiting regulatory approval for that, and the application is pending. So, I think, if you look at it from a strategic perspective, whether it is at 48% or 51% is still a very large holding. It's a company carrying our name and so on. So I don't think anything fundamentally changes. It's more a way of what is the best -- a question of what is the best way of complying with the statute.As far as ICICI Securities is concerned, I think we have always said that it is very core to our business and there is a lot of synergy between ICICI Bank and ICICI Securities. And we have been quite clear that we don't intend to monetize, although it is a listed company and required to maintain a minimum public float, we would not want to go below 75% in that entity. And then as we saw the opportunity to enter into a Scheme of Arrangement and make it a wholly-owned subsidiary, we thought that that would be the right path to pursue given the synergies between the 2 companies. But I don't think either of these is really fundamentally strategic changes.

[Nitin Aggarwal, analyst]

Okay. And second question is, there has been a slight increase in our NIM advances this quarter, which -- so is it possible to share how much of this increase is due to the mix change and growth and how much is due to repricing of loans? What I'm trying to really assess is like, this quarter the NIM compression has been around 12%. So, in the absence of any repricing-related benefit, is it fair to say that NIM could see sharper decline in 2Q and 3Q, when the repricing could be at its peak?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

So, this quarter, I think, if you look at it, we have seen some increase in our yield on investments and on our yield on advances. I think, we did get some benefit of the last repo hike, which happened during Q4, because the portfolio reprices over a period of time based on the reset date. So that benefit did come. There was also some benefit in the yield on advances, because -- in the yield on investments, I'm sorry, because of the repricing of some of the floating rate bond portfolio and so on. So, assuming that repo rate remains where it is, those kind of -- that benefit will not be there in the subsequent quarters, that's correct.

[Nitin Aggarwal, analyst]

Right. And if I can squeeze in one more question. On the corporate lending piece, like, we have reported pretty strong growth, 19%, some of the peers this quarter have not grown that piece as -- and citing the pricing pressures. So how do you view versus the competitive environment in wholesale business?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

So, actually, I think if you look back a little further, we were not growing till last year, our corporate loan portfolio as much, while some of the peers were growing it at a much faster clip and our main concern was around the levels of pricing. I would say, over the last year, possibly, certainly, there has been some improvement -- at least year, post the monetary tightening cycle, there was some better opportunities for corporate lending. So, we continue to look at the risk-adjusted returns and really the whole overall ecosystem approach, because we don't see the lending decision in isolation. And wherever we see that there is an overall opportunity for the corporate, that particular -- profitable opportunity from a particular client and their ecosystem, we participate in it. I think, basically, what we're looking for is the first principle of return of capital. We want to keep the portfolio reasonably granular and really look at cases where we have a larger ecosystem opportunity in terms of their value chain and their employee base. So, within this construct, we're quite happy to grow the corporate portfolio.

[Operator]

Next question is from the line of Saurabh from JPMorgan.

[Saurabh Kumar, analyst]

Sir, just 2 questions. One is, the attrition level at ICICI Bank, would it have gone up in fiscal '23 versus fiscal '22?And secondly, the growth that we're seeing in personal loans and credit cards. So have you moderated down risk filters? Or is it due to more cross-sells through your existing clients, like, if you could give some qualitative color around that?

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

So, first, I think on attrition we have not yet published our BRSR. That will come out hopefully in the next 10 to 15 days, and then the numbers would be in the public domain. I would -- I think you've seen the numbers which have come out of some of our peer set, and they are reasonably high and that's reflective, I guess, of what is happening -- what has been happening across the system over the last 2 years, I would say. So I don't think that there is any specific thing that we would want to call out really regarding attrition in our context.On your second question, on credit cards and personal loans, so we have not moderated any sort of whatever diluted any risk filters on a large-scale basis. Of course, we would always be trying to sharpshoot and sort of figure out which are the pockets where we can do more and which are the pockets that we should do less. But broadly, I would say, our stance on risk has been quite consistent, and we keep reviewing the portfolio and the outcome today are well within our tolerance range.

[Operator]

Next question is from the line of Prakhar Agarwal from Elara Capital. Prakhar, may I request you to unmute your line from your side and go ahead with your question, please.Due to no response, we move to the next participant. Next question is from the line of Param Subramanian from Nomura. Param, may I request you to unmute your line please, and go ahead with your question.

[Parameswaran Subramanian, analyst]

Yes. Am I audible?

[Operator]

Yes. Now you are.

[Parameswaran Subramanian, analyst]

My question is on operating expenses. So, if you look over the last couple of years, the operating expenses have actually been growing faster than the overall balance sheet growth, and it continues to be so. So, any timeline or any guidance on when this starts moderating or we see some sort of operating leverage kicking in? Of course, we still have the employee headcount and the branch rollout still in the pipeline. But, yes, any color around when we see an operating leverage playing out? That's my first question.

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

So, we don't really look at it that way. I mean, in that sense if you look at this quarter also, the operating income growth is a little bit higher than the operating expense growth. So, what we look at is really the overall PPOP and that having a positive direction on a risk-calibrated basis. And we would look at all levers of profitability within that. Currently, as we have said in the past, we feel that there is a lot of opportunity for us to grow our franchise and we would continue to invest in that.

[Parameswaran Subramanian, analyst]

Okay. Fair enough. Just one more question again on the unsecured loans. Now, if you look across the market participants, there hasn't really been an increase in the lending rates across the market. Now, in your sense, is this being led largely by competition? Or do you see any pressure in being able to increase your lending rates over the year? And is this something that should play out, say, over the course of the year? Because if we compare with other segments, the other segments have not really seen any repricing over the last year. Yes, that's it for me.

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

Sorry, which particular segment are you referring to? I missed that.

[Parameswaran Subramanian, analyst]

Unsecured personal loans largely, yes.

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

No. I think, it is -- it has been quite competitive, and rates have not moved up. So, I don't see immediate sort of move up in rates. There have been a lot of players entering that segment, a lot of banks, as well as some of the NBFCs. And, I guess, credit experience in that segment has also been pretty good over the years. So, in that sense, some reduction in the rates from what we have seen historically would be justified. But yes, today, the rates are at probably pretty low level, but I don't see them increasing much from here, although probably ideally they should.

[Parameswaran Subramanian, analyst]

Congratulations on the quarter.

[Operator]

Thank you very much. I now hand the conference over to the management for closing comments.

[Anindya Banerjee, executive]

Thank you all for sparing time on the Saturday evening, and we'll be available to take your questions off-line as well. Thank you.

[Operator]

Thank you very much. On behalf of ICICI Bank Limited, that concludes this conference. Thank you for joining us. You may now disconnect your lines. Thank you.