Microstrategy Inc

NASDAQ:MSTR

Earnings Call Analysis

Earnings Call Transcript 2024-Q1

[Shirish Jajodia, executive]

Hello, everyone, and good afternoon. I am Shirish Jajodia, Vice President of Investor Relations and Treasury at MicroStrategy. I'll be your moderator for MicroStrategy's 2024 First Quarter Earnings Webinar.Before we proceed, I will read the safe harbor statement. Some of the information we provide during today's call regarding our future expectations, plans, and prospects may constitute forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from these forward-looking statements due to various important factors, including the risk factors discussed in our most recent 10-K filed with the SEC. We assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements which speak only as of today.Also, during today's call, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations showing GAAP versus non-GAAP results are available in our earnings release and presentation, which were issued today and are available on our website at microstrategy.com.I would like to welcome you all to today's webinar and let you know that we will be taking questions using the Q&A feature at the bottom of your screen. You can submit questions throughout the webinar, and Michael, Phong, or Andrew will answer questions at the end of the session. Please be sure to provide your name and your company's name when submitting your questions.Now I'll walk you through the agenda for today's call: first, Phong Le will cover the business results and the key pillars of our strategy; second, Andrew Kang will cover the financial results for the first quarter of 2024; then Michael Saylor will provide a strategic review and discuss our recent Bitcoin market updates; and lastly, we will open up to Q&A.With that, I will turn the call over to Phong Le, President and CEO of MicroStrategy.

[Phong Le, executive]

Thanks, Shirish, for today's webinar. We're excited to be reporting live from MicroStrategy World 2024 in Las Vegas, Nevada, with a packed agenda lined up for the next 3 days, and we're excited to see our customers, partners, analysts, shareholders, and employees all in person to share a passion for BI, AI, Bitcoin, and innovation. The Business Intelligence track tomorrow will feature my keynote presentation titled Let the Data Lifeblood Flow, and we'll explore how to create more innovative, competitive, high-performing organizations by using AI and BI to make smart data more accessible to the frontline employees.Our Chief Product Officer, Saurabh Abhyankar, will share the latest MicroStrategy technologies for delivering convenient, flexible, and reliable data within operational workflows, not just in dashboards, to everyone who needs it. The keynote presentation will feature guest speakers from Microsoft, Amazon Web Services, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, the U.S. Department of State, and Vuori. Throughout MicroStrategy World, wore than 30 top brands, including MassMutual, Pfizer, Fannie Mae, Victoria's Secret, and NBCUniversal will present how they use the MicroStrategy platform, Gen-AI, and the cloud to become truly data-driven businesses. The Bitcoin for Corporations track on Wednesday and Thursday will feature notable institutions and industry luminaries highlighting the advantages of integrating Bitcoin as a part of their corporate treasury and product offerings. It will be a unique gathering of corporations that are already adopting or looking to adopt Bitcoin strategies, and we are very excited to host this event. Also, for the first time, we will livestream our World Keynote as well as all the Bitcoin for Corporation sessions. For those of you attending the conference here in Las Vegas, we look forward to seeing you in person.Turning to the business highlights for Q1 2024. MicroStrategy remains the largest corporate holder of Bitcoin in the world, now holding 214,400 Bitcoin for the total Bitcoin market value of $14 billion as of yesterday. Since December 31, 2023, we acquired an additional 25,250 Bitcoin for a total purchase cost of $1.6 billion, an average price of $65,232. This past quarter, the price of Bitcoin appreciated significantly, spurred notably by the approval of the spot Bitcoin exchange traded products, or ETPs, which has drawn considerable institutional attention. We believe the introduction of spot Bitcoin ETPs further evidences the maturation of Bitcoin as an institutional-grade asset class with broader regulatory recognition and institutional adoption. We remain highly committed to our Bitcoin strategy with a long-term focus. Andrew will provide further details on our Bitcoin purchase activity for this quarter.MicroStrategy is also positioned as the world's largest independent, publicly-traded business intelligence company. Our objective is to grow in AI and cloud-powered BI software. We have over 1,800 employees focused on our software business, devoted to achieving our vision of intelligence everywhere. In the first quarter of 2024, we continued our shift towards our cloud offering, resulting in subscription services revenues of $23 million, an increase of 22% year over year. A strong growth in our subscription services revenue was driven by both existing customers' migrations to the cloud and new customer wins. Our customer renewal rate continues to remain high, and our subscription billing has remained strong. Overall, we continue to see further global adoption of our cloud platform as a result of transitioning our business strategy and product offerings from an on-prem perpetual licensed software company to a cloud-native organization.Our key strategic goals in 2024 are to grow cloud, innovate with AI, and increase profitability. Customers can benefit from a range of innovative first-to-market AI-powered functionality, powered by the Azure OpenAI LLM. Capabilities include: AutoSQL, which allows users to generate SQL using natural language; Auto Dashboard, which allows natural language generation and new visualizations; Auto Answers which allows customers to ask questions of their datasets and dashboards; Auto Expert, which allows users to ask questions of our MicroStrategy knowledge base and log support tickets on our website; and our Custom Auto Bot, which enables end users to access BI insights from within a custom bot, standalone, or embedded in any application.We also just launched Auto Express, which offers a simple way to trial our AI capabilities in minutes. In April, MicroStrategy ONE became available on Google Cloud Marketplace, in addition to prior deployments on Azure and AWS, allowing enterprises to easily find and deploy this cloud-native platform. Additionally, we expect to provide the ability to deploy MicroStrategy in a private cloud later this year. This will distinguish us from other BI platforms with the flexibility and automation that enterprise customers desire. We believe such investment in capability will encourage current on-prem customers to embrace the benefits of MicroStrategy Cloud such as containerized architecture, proactive cloud management from experts, seamless backups, and single click updates.Transitioning our customer base to the technology of the future remains a key focus, and our resource deployment underscores our commitment to the cloud-first approach. As customers and prospects move to the cloud to empower their AI driven digital transformations, we expect to see a continued decrease in product license revenues, which will in part be offset by increases in subscription services revenues. This will be most pronounced in the balance of 2024. This may result in a decrease in total recognized revenue in the short term, but in the long run we expect it to be more than offset by increases in subscription services revenue. Additional benefits include more engaged customers using our very latest software, higher retention rates, and ultimately more recurring revenues.As we discussed last quarter, MicroStrategy considers itself to be the world's first Bitcoin development company. We are a publicly-traded operating company committed to the continued development of the Bitcoin network through our activities in the financial markets, advocacy, and technology innovation. As an operating business, we are able to use cash flows as well as proceeds from equity and debt financings to accumulate Bitcoin, which serves as our primary treasury reserve asset. We also bring our enterprise analytics software development capabilities to develop Bitcoin applications. We believe that the combination of our operating structure, Bitcoin strategy, and focus on technology innovation provides a unique opportunity for value creation.Being an operating company, our software technology business remains our core revenue and cash flow generator. In addition, it also enables us to acquire Bitcoin through the use of excess cash or proceeds from equity capital raises, or corporate debt capital raises. These capital market levers allow us to deploy intelligent leverage to increase our Bitcoin holdings in a manner which we believe has created shareholder value. Since our adoption of our Bitcoin strategy, we've used 3 primary mechanisms to acquire more Bitcoin: cash flows from software operations -- since 2020, we've invested $825 million of total cash on our balance sheet; equity issuances -- we have issued $3.2 billion in equity in a manner that we believe to be accretive to existing shareholders; and debt financing -- we've issued $3.6 billion in debt through the issuance of both senior secured notes and convertible notes. We've used the proceeds from these issuances principally to purchase Bitcoin. The blended cost of our outstanding debt is fixed at 1.3% annually.In the first quarter of 2024, we generated approximately $7.2 billion of incremental value from the effect of increases in the price of Bitcoin on our existing Bitcoin holdings as well as our strategic use of equity and debt capital market activities. We began the year with 189,150 Bitcoin holdings with a market value of approximately $8 billion. As Bitcoin prices increased from $42,500 to $71,000 by the end of the first quarter, we experienced an increase of $5.4 billion in value, based on our Bitcoin holdings at the start of the year. In addition to the incremental value from the price appreciation of the Bitcoin we held as of the beginning of the year, we purchased an additional $1.6 billion of Bitcoin in the first quarter, using proceeds from the issuance of additional equity and 2 convertible senior note offerings, as well as excess cash from operations. As a result, we added an additional 25,128 Bitcoin to our holdings at an average price of roughly $65,200, which generated an incremental approximately $145 million of value from the increase in the price of Bitcoin after those purchases were made through the end of the first quarter.Overall, 2024 started off as a tremendously successful year, taking into account our Bitcoin purchases and appreciation of our Bitcoin holdings year to date. While the overall market benefited from the increase in Bitcoin prices well, we believe our opportunistic use of leverage and excess cash to acquire Bitcoin, as well as our capital market strategy generated $1.8 billion of incremental shareholder value, demonstrating our track record of generating value for our shareholders.This slide shows an illustrative example of how intelligent leverage can be used to boost returns when Bitcoin prices are increasing the baseline returns of any long Bitcoin strategy from spot Bitcoin price appreciation. Bitcoin ETPs also benefit from this, offset by the management fees that are charged for those products. Leverage provides the opportunity to generate higher returns if the price increases. In this illustration, assuming Bitcoin price reaches $250,000, keeping Bitcoin count constant, spot Bitcoin without leverage would return approximately 290%. In this example, adding leverage to acquire more Bitcoin will return between approximately 395% to 425%, depending on the amount of leverage, further boosting returns compared to simply holding spot Bitcoin.If the market value of our Bitcoin increases, we believe this would create more opportunities to manage our leverage targets. With the opportunity to take on more leverage in a prudent, risk-managed fashion, the value generated from our increasing Bitcoin holdings would be expected to outperform even further if Bitcoin prices continue to rise. We believe our unique value proposition as the world's first Bitcoin development company has enabled us to generate tremendous value for our shareholders.I'll now turn the call over to Andrew to discuss our financials for the quarter in further detail.

[Andrew Kang, executive]

Thank you, Phong. I'll start with first a recap of our software financial results. For the first quarter, total revenues were $115.2 million, which was down about 5% year over year, consistent with prior recent quarters. The slight decline remains in part due to our ongoing shift of revenue from on-prem to cloud. Q1 on-prem product license revenues, which make up about 11% of total revenue, were about $12.9 million, which was down 26% year over year. As I mentioned in prior calls, we continue to transition our business to the cloud, and we fully anticipate lower product license revenues to continue as we migrate existing customers off on-prem licenses and bring them on to the cloud.More importantly, as Phong mentioned earlier, we continue to grow subscription services revenues, which reflect stronger, more durable, recurring software revenue. In Q1, subscription services revenues, which now make up about 20% of total revenues, were $23 million, which reflects an increase of 22% year over year. Non-GAAP subscription billings, which represent new cloud bookings in the quarter, also grew by 30% in the first quarter to $17.7 million, which is our fourth straight year of quarterly double-digit growth in cloud bookings. Q4 last year was an important milestone for us in the progress toward cloud transition, where for the first time our subscription services revenues were higher than our product license revenues. This successful trend continued in the first quarter of 2024, which reflects the ongoing progress towards converting our revenue to recurring subscription services. The mix of revenue will continue to shift from on-premise product license to subscription services throughout 2024 as we focus on delivering meaningful AI-based products to our customers, which is only available in the cloud. We are pleased with the progress we have made from the adoption from our customers to our cloud platform worldwide, and we still have more to do and will continue to focus on new products and innovation to drive more demand in that space.Beginning with the first quarter of 2024, we modified our reported financials to break out our quarterly results into 2 categories: first, the software business category reflects income or loss from operations related distinctly to our enterprise BI software business, and the corporate and other category reflects the other non-software related components associated with our digital asset holdings, which include impairment charges and other related third-party costs. While we continue to operate under 1 reportable operating segment, which is engaged in design, development, and sales of our software platform through licensing arrangements, cloud subscriptions and related services, we believe this breakout of our operating results into these 2 categories provides better transparency with respect to the performance of our software business while isolating the impacts related to changes in Bitcoin prices.In Q1, the software business revenues were $115 million, as mentioned a moment ago, while the cost of revenues were $30 million, up 7.4% compared to Q1 of last year. The increase in costs were in part due to higher cloud hosting, a result of higher usage by new and existing cloud subscription services customers. It's also attributed to costs associated with standing up an enhanced Customer Success function, with an added focus on transitioning customers to our cloud platform, in addition to servicing and managing our strong existing customer base.Software business operating expenses were $96.1 million, up 1.7% compared to $94.5 million in Q1 of last year. The increase was primarily due to higher G&A expenses this quarter, which was specifically related to an increase in employer paid payroll taxes in connection with employee stock option exercises in the first quarter. However, overall operating expenses were also offset by lower costs in sales, marketing, and R&D, also consistent with recent quarters as we maintained strong discipline in expenses, and we continue to optimize overall headcount. Noncash stock-based compensation expense was mostly flat year over year at $17.8 million for the quarter, and overall non-GAAP adjusted operating income or profit from the software business category was $6.9 million. If you take into account the employer paid payroll taxes related to stock option exercises in Q1, which were not material in prior periods, non-GAAP adjusted operating income from the core software business would have reflected $14.3 million for the first quarter, more appropriately reflecting the quarter's profitability from our software business. Lastly, the corporate and other operating expense category for the quarter is almost entirely attributable to Bitcoin impairment charges, which were $192 million compared to $20 million in Q1 of last year, the result of Bitcoin price fluctuations throughout this past quarter.Turning to our Bitcoin strategy more specifically, we had 1 of the most successful quarters of adding more Bitcoin to our balance sheet as we acquired 25,128 Bitcoins in the first quarter, our second largest single quarter increase in Bitcoin holdings since Q4 2020. Additionally, after the end of the first quarter, we purchased an additional 122 Bitcoins using $8 million of excess cash, and as of April 26, 2024, the company held a total of 214,400 Bitcoins acquired for an aggregate cost of $7.54 billion, worth $35,180 per Bitcoin.To break down the Bitcoin acquisition activity year to date by entity: Bitcoin acquired through proceeds from equity capital markets activities that occurred after the issuance of our senior secured notes are held at MacroStrategy, a wholly-owned subsidiary of MicroStrategy. Year to date, we have added 2,652 Bitcoins to MacroStrategy's holdings at an aggregate purchase price of $137 million using net proceeds from our at-the-market, or ATM, equity issuance programs in February. Currently, we hold 175,721 unencumbered Bitcoins, representing 82% of our total holdings, or $11.2 billion in current market value, which are held at MacroStrategy. These are all unrestricted and provide the option to potentially leverage this strategic asset in the future.Bitcoins acquired through proceeds from debt activities that occurred after the issuance of our senior secured notes, namely the 2 recent convertible note issuances in Q1, are held at MicroStrategy, the parent, and also serve as collateral securing our 2028 senior secured notes. Year to date, we have added 20,180 Bitcoins to MicroStrategy's holdings at an aggregate purchase price of $1.4 billion using net proceeds from our 2 convertible note issuances in March.Lastly, Bitcoins purchased through excess cash from the software business are also held at MicroStrategy, the parent entity, and also collateralized our 2028 senior secured notes. Year to date, we have added 2,418 Bitcoins to MicroStrategy's holdings at an aggregate purchase price of $136 million using proceeds from excess cash. As of April 26, there are in total 38,679 Bitcoins held at MicroStrategy, or $2.4 billion in current market value. Our commitment to our Bitcoin strategy remains unchanged and steadfast, and we plan to strategically and opportunistically buy more Bitcoin as we have in every quarter since August of 2020, using excess cash from operations and proceeds from any capital markets activities. MicroStrategy remains the largest corporate holder of Bitcoin in the world, and we remain committed to our Bitcoin acquisition strategy with the utmost conviction, long-term focus, and with a strong risk-managed approach.As a Bitcoin development company, the unique ability to access the capital markets and the positive impact from using intelligent leverage are illustrated on this slide. During the first quarter of 2024, our total Bitcoin holdings increased by 13.3%. During the same period, our total basic share count, comprised of total basic Class A shares outstanding and total basic Class B shares outstanding increased by only 4.6%. This is in part due to the deferred dilution impact of leveraging convertible debt and our opportunistic execution of these financings, which has resulted in tremendous value creation for our shareholders. The difference between our Bitcoin accretion and the share dilution is representative of the yield we were able to generate for our shareholders as a Bitcoin development company. Hypothetically, assuming all outstanding convertible notes are fully converted at their respective conversion prices, all outstanding options are fully exercised and all restricted stock units and performance stock units fully vest, the fully diluted share count would have increased by only 4.8% during the first quarter. Thus, the increase in our Bitcoin holdings has outpaced the increase in our total share counts in Q1.Turning to Slide 15. Bitcoin has significantly outperformed most other asset classes year to date. As of March 31, 2024, the aggregate cost of our Bitcoin purchases were $7.5 billion versus the carrying value of our Bitcoin holdings of $5.1 billion. This is compared to the market value of our holdings of $15.2 billion based on the Bitcoin price as of last day of the quarter. Currently, the market value of our Bitcoin holdings is significantly above our average cost basis, which is equal to an average purchase price of approximately $35,200. The new accounting rule that was approved by the FASB last December requires companies holding digital assets, including Bitcoin, to adopt fair value accounting treatment by Q1 of 2025. We fully plan to adopt the change by when the rule takes effect, and we are determining when the most appropriate time to do so would be.Now turning to our capital markets activities. Since the inception of our Bitcoin strategy, we have issued $3.6 billion of corporate debt through senior secured notes and convertible notes with a very attractive blended interest rate of approximately 1.3%, with staggered maturities over several years through March 2031. Leverage remains a key component of our active capital allocation strategy, which, when opportunistically deployed, enables us to add more Bitcoin holdings at an attractive cost. Our 2 recent convertible note financings were both upsized and well received by the market. We issued $800 million of convertible notes due March 2030 at an annual interest rate of 0.625% and a conversion premium of 42.5% to the closing price of our Class A common stock on the pricing date, reflecting a conversion price of approximately $1,498 per share. The following week, given the strong rally in MSTR stock price, we were able to access the market again in a follow-on offering and issued an additional $603.75 million of convertible notes due March 2031 at an annual interest rate of 0.875%, a conversion premium of 40% to the volume-weighted average price of our Class A common stock on the pricing date, and a conversion price of approximately $2,327 per share. The net proceeds from both convertible note issuances were used expeditiously to acquire additional Bitcoin.In addition to raising debt, we continue to demonstrate a solid track record of issuing permanent equity in a manner that we believe is accretive to shareholders. Since the third quarter of 2021, we have raised a total of $3.2 billion in proceeds through our ATM offerings, with an average price of approximately $464 per share across total equity raised. As we have done in the past, we will continue to actively monitor the capital markets and carefully evaluate the most accretive use of the capital markets to drive incremental value for our shareholders.Debt financing helps us maintain healthy leverage relative to the market value of our Bitcoin holdings, and raising equity helps us to deleverage our balance sheet when needed. The primary use of proceeds from our debt and equity capital activities to date have been to acquire additional Bitcoin, which we have done in a manner we believe to be extremely accretive. Our overall capital allocation strategy continues to be focused on increasing our total Bitcoin holdings while managing our debt very closely and prudently. Lastly, as of the end of the first quarter, we grew unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on our balance sheet to $81.3 million, and we continue to maintain more than sufficient overall liquidity to manage our ongoing operating needs.The next slide illustrates our debt maturity profile. And as you can see, the nearest maturity is more than 6 quarters away and not until late 2025. While the 2025 convertible notes have been trading well in the market, as we have said previously, we continue to monitor the markets and evaluate liability management opportunities in order to manage our debt, as well as opportunities to raise additional financing in the future. The management team has demonstrated a strong track record of disciplined approach to navigate through volatile times in the Bitcoin market, and we believe we have established significant credibility to execute on our strategic goal of generating value for our shareholders. As Phong said earlier, we believe that the combination of our operating structure, Bitcoin strategy, and focus on technology innovation provides a unique value proposition for shareholder value creation when compared to other forms of exposure to Bitcoin.Thank you for your time today and for your continued support of MicroStrategy. I'll now turn the call over to Michael for his remarks.

[Michael Saylor, executive]

Thank you, Andrew, and thank you, everybody, for being with us here today. I'd just like to add a few comments on our strategy and Bitcoin in general, following up on the words of Phong and Andrew. I'll start with our performance scorecard. We like to keep score every quarter and evaluate ourselves against all the relevant benchmarks. So, I think this slide is very instructive. What you can see here, in a nutshell, is all of the enterprise software companies that we compete against in the business intelligence business and their performance since we embarked on our Bitcoin strategy in the summer of 2020. And you can see we're approximately 10x to 30x more in performance to any of those companies. You can see all the big tech stocks over the last [ 3 and 3/4 ] of years, the strongest one is Google, and we've outperformed them anywhere by a factor of 8 to 80, and we're very pleased with that.But of course, our primary strategy is a Bitcoin strategy. And so I think, to understand why is MicroStrategy able to return 937% in a period when the S&P returned 52%. And I think we just have to start with the idea of what's the right treasury strategy, or how do you capitalize the company? And you can see if you capitalize the company on bonds, bonds have a negative 21% return over this timeframe. Bonds have a negative real yield. They're not returning the cost of capital. The best surrogate for the cost of capital, I think, is the S&P index, the 52%. And so if you were able to capitalize your company on the S&P index, you could maybe keep up with the cost of capital. What you can see here is that gold and silver don't really work. As the money supply expands, the S&P index tracks it, and gold, silver, and bonds underperform. Nasdaq is pretty close statistically.Why is Bitcoin better? Because MicroStrategy's performance is really based on Bitcoin performances start. And I think Bitcoin illustrates a couple of principles: one is digital is better than analog. Bitcoin is digital property, and it's digital. So, Bitcoin is outperforming because it's digital and a world of digital transformation. I think the second thing it illustrates is a commodity is better than a security, and Bitcoin is an asset without an issuer, which makes it a global asset. And a security will never be a global asset because security has an issuer, and issuer is a company, and a company has a nexus and a country and has an operation. So, Bitcoins perform well because it's digital, because it's commodity. And the third thing this illustrates is that a scarcity is better than a commodity. So, the fact is, Bitcoin is commodity, but it's hard capped at 21 million, and gold is not hard capped, and silver is not hard capped. So commodities generally make very, very poor investments. The world has learned to invest in market baskets of securities like the S&P index. But it would be the wrong lesson to say that, therefore, securities are better than commodities. Securities have their own risk factors. The right lesson to take away is that something digital is better than something analog, something scarce is better than something abundant, and something global is better than something local. And Bitcoin represents all of those things. In the last 4 years, it has emerged in the western world as that global, digital, scarce commodity, i.e., digital property.Now, MicroStrategy, if it had just simply adopted Bitcoin purely, perhaps it would have had the same performance as Bitcoin. But how do we actually outperform Bitcoin? I think the key here is volatility is a benefit to us. And so, we have harnessed volatility, and we've also harnessed our unique ability to issue securities such as convertible bonds. And the fact that we embrace the securitization of Bitcoin, and we embrace the volatility of the asset class, has given us the ability to raise capital. As you recall, we've raised billions of dollars of equity capital and billions of dollars of debt capital. We wouldn't have been able to raise as much capital without volatility. And you could see with our convertible bonds, we managed to raise $3 billion in convertible bonds at substantially less than 1% interest, really about 50 basis points, 0.5% interest.So, MicroStrategy's performance is being driven by 2 things: first, we're raising $3 billion at 0.5% instead of paying a nonvolatile interest rate. Nonvolatile could be 8% to 10%. So, instead of paying 8% to 10% interest, we're paying 0.5%. So, clearly, that's a big performance boost. And the second is, if we were nonvolatile, and we didn't have an asset-rich strategy, we couldn't raise the $3 billion at all, because a lot of times, senior debt would be capped at some EBITDA multiple of some sort. So, we would have access to a small amount of capital at a high cost of capital. So, MicroStrategy has got a very low cost of capital and access to a lot of capital because of our particular strategy. But we're capitalizing on what clearly is the best capital asset, Bitcoin, in the world over this period. And the combination of those 2 things is what catapulted us to that 937% performance.Can we go to the next slide now. I would say this quarter, the first quarter of 2024, it's the end of the crypto childhood or the crypto cowboy era, where you had 15 years of lots of confusion, chaos, and jockeying of thousands and thousands of crypto assets. Well, Bitcoin is the winner, and it is the one emergent institutional asset that has come out of that 15 years. Bitcoin spot ETFs were approved in January of this quarter, and that was a very big milestone. And as we go into this next quarter, it's pretty clear that Bitcoin is the only crypto asset that's going to be approved for sale in the form of a spot ETF in the United States. And so, Bitcoin is very unique. It is the one crypto asset that has been embraced as an institutional asset. It's the one crypto asset that a publicly-traded company can hold on its balance sheet, can capitalize upon. It's the one crypto asset that Wall Street firms are going to be able to sell on a spot ETF basis. The entire modern institutional asset economy, the options market, the securities market, the money manager system, the institutional mutual funds, the institutional ETFs, they're all going to be centered around Bitcoin as the digital property going forward.And so, while we're at the end of the beginning, we're now, I would say, at the beginning of the middle. We're at the beginning of the stage of rapid institutional adoption of digital property in the form of Bitcoin. This chart shows that at the end of the first stage, Bitcoin is a bit more than $1 trillion asset. And from this stage forward, it won't really compete against other crypto assets. It will compete against gold, art, equities, real estate, bonds, and on other types of store of value money, in wealth creation, wealth preservation, and the capital markets. And as you can see, if you look at this chart, probably some number between 10% and 50% of all this wealth is really just pure capital. The use case is store of value. Many people buy equities, real estate, bonds, and arts and other monetary instruments as a store of value, just like they buy gold as a store of value. Bitcoin as digital property is a store of value. But it's the emergent high-performance, high-volatility, high-functionality, high-utility store of value, and it's global. So, we actually think that it's going to continue to grow from here.And this is the second quarter of about a 40-quarter Bitcoin gold rush, where we are going to see Bitcoin embraced by more and more banks, more and more money managers, more and more nations. You'll see more Bitcoin ETFs in Hong Kong and Australia. You'll see more derivative products and other types of related products built on top of it, or you'll see it built into more things. And so, the next decade, we think, is auspicious. We can go to the next slide.The halving just took place a week ago -- a couple of weeks ago, April 19, I guess, specifically. And when you consider the impact of the halving, it's pretty profound. First of all, it reminds us that Bitcoin is a scarcity and not a digital commodity only because Bitcoin's supply is asymptotically approaching 21 million. As of now, Bitcoin has the highest stock to flow ratio in the world. So, it is the hardest investment asset in the world and the most scarce or certain. In the first quarter, about 2,600 Bitcoin a day were acquired by the spot ETFs that were launched. And during that timeframe, we had about 900 Bitcoin per day sold by miners. But then following the halving on the 19 April, we moved to 450 Bitcoin a day available from natural sellers, the miners. This is pretty critical, and you can see there is an imbalance between organic demand and organic supply. I don't think that the halving is priced in. I don't think that the market fully appreciates just how profound this is.But the chart on the right gives you a way to think of it, which is if a large investor, a sovereign wealth fund or a mega institutional investor decided that they wanted to buy 450 Bitcoin per day, and they were going to buy it at the market price of Bitcoin every day for the next 4 years, assuming the price of Bitcoin stayed constant at $60,000, they would have to invest $39.4 billion of capital. But if Bitcoin's price moved up at $100,000, it's a $65 billion commitment. At $150,000, it's a $98 billion commitment. And if the average price of Bitcoin in that timeframe is $250,000, that's the same as $164 billion of capital being put into this network. So, the network was chopping along at 900 BTC a day before the halving. But after the halving, you just have a very reflexive protocol change that is going to remove 450 Bitcoin a day for sale at any price for the next 4 years. And of course, there will be another halving 4 years from now. They will remove another 225 Bitcoin a day from the supply, and there will be another halving 4 years after that to move another 112 Bitcoin per day out of the supply. This is unique to Bitcoin. You won't see it in any other commodity in the world. You're not going to see it in any analog commodity because it's impossible. But you won't see it in any other digital commodity in the world because Bitcoin is the winner. Bitcoin is going to be, in all likelihood, the only digital commodity that is made institutional-grade by a spot ETF in the American capital markets. So, this is a profound insight, and we view this as being very bullish for the asset class.We can go to the next slide. MicroStrategy's approach is the same as it has been, but I think we're getting a little bit better at it, and I think we're starting to understand our unique advantages as time goes on. We are a Bitcoin development company in the same way that you might have a real estate development company. If you are able to create a company and then take it public and then issue securities in the capital markets in order to buy and develop commercial real estate, you would have an advantage over private companies doing the same thing, because public companies always have an advantage in financing. You would have the option to raise financing not just from banks, but also from the public capital markets. So, we are a public company and an operating company, and that gives us flexible control or active control over our capital structure.And the second thing that we have is the ability to innovate with software development. And we'll be showing some innovations at our conference this week that we're very excited about. We're also unique because we can generate cash from operations. And as Phong and Andrew pointed out, we've been able to invest $825 million in cash to date in order to acquire Bitcoin, and we're able to leverage the capital markets. And I think we take a very balanced view toward capital markets. When we think it's appropriate for us to issue equity or raise permanent equity capital via shelf registration, we do that. And we've done that to raise $3.2 billion in equity capital. And when we think the markets are more supportive of us issuing debt or especially convertible debt, then we do that.As Andrew pointed out, this strategy was very accretive in Q1, and the effective difference between the accretion of Bitcoin and the dilution of our share count was more than 8%. So, if we're able to generate an 8% yield in a single quarter, then we believe that's going to support a premium to our underlying net asset value going forward, and it's going to allow us to find more accretive capital markets opportunities in the future that we will avail ourselves of to the benefit of our shareholders.And so, in summary, Bitcoins cross the chasm to institutional adoption. Bitcoin is unique and is being uniquely recognized as the one institutional crypto asset. And MicroStrategy has now developed a very balanced strategy of acquiring Bitcoin with cash flows, with equity, with debt, and we're providing a useful set of public securities, both equity as well as options, as well as debt instruments that institutional investors can use in order to tailor their portfolio as they invest whether it's long or short or hedged in the macro economy and the crypto economy, doing it on exchanges and in a way that's compliant with all of their operating charters. And that, in a nutshell, I think, explains the MicroStrategy value proposition and our opportunity going forward.And with that, I'll go ahead and pass the floor back to Shirish.

[Shirish Jajodia, executive]

Now we will begin our Q&A, and the first question is for Phong. Can you elaborate on the company's new positioning as the Bitcoin development company, and are there any new developments that you would like to highlight?

[Phong Le, executive]

I guess we talked quite extensively during our prepared remarks about the Bitcoin development company. I think, perhaps, the question is more specific about the development portion and whether we're doing any software development in the Bitcoin area. For those who are attending Bitcoin for Corporations on Wednesday, we'll have about a half-day talking about the technology ecosystem associated with Bitcoin. It will also share some new developments in an area of Bitcoin security that we're working on, and I think people will be excited to see some of the things we're doing in that space. We continue to experiment and continue to advocate for Bitcoin development, and so there's more work going on in that area that we'll share in a couple of days.

[Shirish Jajodia, executive]

Next question is for Michael. MicroStrategy's equity premium towards Bitcoin holdings has expanded materially over the past few months, and despite the recent Bitcoin pullback, the premium remains healthy. How do you think about the premium, and what do you attribute this to?

[Michael Saylor, executive]

I think that if we had no leverage, and we generated no accretion, then we would start to look like a spot Bitcoin ETF. But if we have leverage, then the leverage will justify a premium. If the leverage was -- if we just had $1 billion of leverage, and we were paying 10% interest, it would be a small premium. We would be basically levering $1 billion at 10% interest that's yielding where Bitcoin is appreciating at 40% or more. So, there would be definitely a premium, but it would be the difference between the leverage and the yield of Bitcoin or the appreciation of Bitcoin on a small amount of money on $1 billion. But if we have more leverage, and if the cost of the capital is lower, then it justifies a higher premium.So, when you get to $3 billion of converts, and when the converts are 50 basis points, then you've got more leverage, and you've got a lower cost of capital. So, I think that justifies a higher premium. When you're able to issue billions of dollars of equity at that premium, then that justifies, in turn, an even higher premium. And it also strengthens the capital structure, providing us with unpledged assets that we can use for future financings, or use to leverage future corporate opportunities. And then, of course, when we're able to do convertible issuances and then convert into Bitcoin and capture not just the premium upfront, but the benefits over the next 6 years of Bitcoin appreciation, that justifies another premium.So, you could imagine, if you thought you could generate an 8% accretion per year, there's no reason why you couldn't justify 100% or more premium in that asset value. If you could generate an 8% accretion more often than once a year, if you could do it from quarter to quarter, or every other quarter, or do anything consistently over time, then it's quite possible to come to any number of different premium calculations. Ultimately, the company's premium is a function of our ability to execute over a long period of time, and also the market's view as to whether or not they appreciate that. And, of course, that's a shifting sentiment. And there's uncertainty into the future, so there will continue to be uncertainty about what the right premium ought to be. And I think that's what makes the market.

[Shirish Jajodia, executive]

Next question is regarding Michael's 10b5-1 plan. Has the plan to exercise MicroStrategy stock options completed already? And can you please provide further color on the executed plan and the thought process behind the stock sales?

[Andrew Kang, executive]

Yes, Shirish, let me take that one. So, I guess, first off, Michael's option exercises were planned and actually fully disclosed. I believe it was in our Q3 filing of last year. And as most know, as officers and directors of the company, we have to put in place a 10b5-1 plan, which discloses that upfront. The plan was related to 400,000 options, which Michael received back in 2014, which were set to expire this April. So, the sales were programmatic. Michael sold 5,000 shares on each trading day between January 2 and April 25 at market prices. And again, the sales were executed under the plan. It was completed on the 25th as disclosed, and he does not have any additional 10b5-1 plan in place at the time. So, it's worth noting also that, obviously, Michael still holds a significant ownership stake in the company. And I know there's been a lot of some questions and chatter around on the sales, but it's really as simple as they were put in place, disclosed, and programmatic to do so before his options expired.

[Shirish Jajodia, executive]

We are coming to the end of the time. We'll take 1 last question here. This one is for Phong. Can you please elaborate on the progress of converting software clients to cloud from license and the AI-related partnerships?

[Phong Le, executive]

Yes. So they're one and the same. A lot of our AI and cloud partnerships are with the large hyperscalers, especially Microsoft, AWS, and Google Cloud. We're being pretty aggressive working with our hyperscalers and our partners this year to get as many customers to cloud as possible. We have some pretty ambitious plans. And Andrew noted, that does have a short-term impact of product license revenue because product license revenue represents the incremental revenue of on-prem customers, and as we move customers to cloud, you'll see that offset over time. So, moving fast, using our partners, AI is only available in the cloud, so it's another impetus for customers to move to cloud, but it'll have some short-term disruption in our product license revenue and our total revenue. Many companies have gone through this transition. We're well equipped to do the same, and I'm excited about the prospects of what that means for us in the long term.

[Shirish Jajodia, executive]

Thank you, Phong, and thank you, everyone, for your questions. We received a lot of great questions, and we tried to address in the prepared remarks and the Q&A afterwards. So, this concludes the Q&A portion of the webinar today. I will now turn the call over to Phong for the final closing remarks.

[Phong Le, executive]

Thanks, everyone. I really want to thank everyone for being with us today. We appreciate your support. We're also excited to host MicroStrategy World in Las Vegas over the next 3 days and looking forward to seeing customers, prospects, partners, analysts, and shareholders alike at this one of a kind event. For those who aren't able to be here in person, we're also livestreaming our keynotes from MicroStrategy World, which starts at 09:30 a.m. Pacific time tomorrow, and the entirety of Bitcoin for Corporations, so you'll be able to watch both of those online. If you're not able to be here in person, you're invited to join. Get details at our website, www.microstrategy.com. We're as enthusiastic as ever with both our enterprise software strategy as well as our Bitcoin strategy, and we wish you a good quarter and look forward to seeing you all again in 12 weeks. Thank you, all.