Marriott International Inc

NASDAQ:MAR

Earnings Call Analysis

Marriott's Robust Q2 with Growth in RevPAR and Global Expansion

Marriott International reported a strong second quarter with global RevPAR increasing nearly 5%. The average daily rate rose by 3%, and occupancy improved to 73%, up 150 basis points. Revenue grew 7% year-over-year to $1.34 billion, while adjusted EBITDA rose 9% to $1.32 billion, and adjusted EPS increased 11% to $2.50. International markets led growth, especially Asia Pacific with a 13% RevPAR boost. However, Greater China saw a RevPAR decline of 4%. For 2024, global RevPAR is forecasted to grow 3%-4%, with full year adjusted EPS expected to be between $9.23 and $9.40.

Strong Quarter Amidst Robust Travel Demand

Marriott delivered another solid quarter as travel demand remained robust across various markets globally. The company saw a 6% year-over-year increase in net rooms, with global Revenue per Available Room (RevPAR) rising by nearly 5%. The average daily rate increased by about 3%, and occupancy levels climbed to 73%, up 150 basis points from the second quarter of the previous year .

Regional Performance Variability

While the U.S. and Canada displayed a nearly 4% RevPAR growth, international markets performed even better. The Asia Pacific region (excluding China) led with a remarkable 13% RevPAR increase, driven by robust growth in Japan (up 21%), strong macro trends, and increased cross-border travel. In contrast, Greater China faced a 4% decline in RevPAR due to macroeconomic pressures and softer domestic demand .

Financial Performance and Fee Growth

Marriott's second-quarter gross fee revenues rose 7% year-over-year to $1.34 billion, driven by stronger global RevPAR and non-RevPAR-related franchise fees. Notably, co-branded credit card fees grew by 10%, and residential branding fees saw significant increases. Adjusted EBITDA grew by 9% to $1.32 billion, and adjusted EPS increased by 11% to $2.50 .

Guidance and Outlook

The company expects third-quarter global RevPAR to grow between 3% and 4%, maintaining similar expectations for the full year. However, Greater China is anticipated to see negative RevPAR growth, affecting the region's RevPAR-related fees. Full-year adjusted EBITDA is projected to rise between 6% and 8%, amounting to roughly $4.95 billion to $5 billion, while adjusted EPS is expected to range from $9.23 to $9.40 .

Growth in Group and Business Transient Segments

Marriott's group segment remained the strongest customer segment in the second quarter, responsible for 24% of worldwide room nights and a 10% increase in RevPAR. Additionally, business transient demand, which contributed 33% of global room nights, saw a 4% rise in RevPAR. The leisure segment, while growing more slowly, still posted a 2% rise in RevPAR, highlighting continued robust demand across all customer segments .

Strategic Investments and Pipeline Growth

Marriott added approximately 15,500 net rooms during the quarter, ending with nearly 1.66 million rooms globally. The company signed record deals in the Asia Pacific and Greater China regions, contributing to a robust pipeline of over 559,000 rooms worldwide. Conversions represented a significant driver of growth, accounting for 37% of openings and 32% of signings. Construction starts in the U.S. and Canada increased by 40% year-over-year .

Capital Allocation and Shareholder Returns

Marriott remains focused on maintaining its investment-grade rating and continues to invest in growth opportunities. The company plans to return approximately $4.3 billion to shareholders for the full year, including a $500 million cash outlay in the fourth quarter for the purchase of the Sheraton Grand Chicago. Marriott maintains a strong capital return strategy, including share repurchases and a modest dividend .

Earnings Call Transcript 2024-Q2

[Operator]

Good day, everyone, and welcome to today's Marriott International Q2 2024 Earnings. [Operator Instructions] Please note, this call is being recorded. [Operator Instructions] It is now my pleasure to turn the conference over to Senior Vice President, Investor Relations, Jackie McConagha.

[Jackie McConagha, executive]

Thank you. Good morning, and welcome to Marriott's Second Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. On the call with me today are Tony Capuano, our President and Chief Executive Officer; Leeny Oberg, our Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Development; and Betsy Dahm, our Vice President of Investor Relations. Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that many of our comments today are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking statements under federal securities laws. These statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties as described in our SEC filings, which could cause future results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by our comments.

Unless otherwise stated, our RevPAR occupancy, average daily rate and property level revenues comments reflect system-wide constant currency results for comparable hotels and all changes refer to year-over-year changes for the comparable period. Statements in our comments and the press release we issued earlier today are effective only today and will not be updated as actual events unfold. You can find our earnings release and reconciliations of all non-GAAP financial measures referred to in our remarks today on our Investor Relations website.

And now I will turn the call over to Tony.

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Thanks, Jackie, and good morning, everyone. We delivered another strong quarter as travel demand remained robust in most markets around the world and our net rooms grew by 6% year-over-year. Second quarter global RevPAR rose nearly 5%. Average daily rate increased around 3% and occupancy reached 73%, up about 150 basis points compared to last year's second quarter.

RevPAR rose nearly 4% in the U.S. and Canada, benefiting from the shift of the Easter holiday. All chain scales in the U.S. and Canada from select service to luxury posted positive second quarter year-over-year RevPAR. RevPAR increased over 7% internationally, led by a remarkable 13% RevPAR gain in Asia Pacific, excluding China, or APAC. APAC benefited from strong macro trends and increased cross-border travel especially from Mainland China. Growth in APAC was broad-based, but particularly robust in Japan, where RevPAR rose 21%.

RevPAR grew nearly 10% in the EMEA region, with continued strong regional and cross-border demand and about 9% in the CALA region. To date, in 2024, the City Express portfolio has meaningfully outperformed the overall Mexican market as well as our own internal RevPAR expectation. And bottom point penetration of the hotels continues to improve steadily. RevPAR in Greater China declined roughly 4% in the quarter as macroeconomic pressures led to softer domestic demand. The region was also impacted by an increase in outbound high-end travelers. Positive RevPAR growth in Tier 1 cities, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan was more than offset by declines in all other markets with [indiscernible] seeing a meaningful RevPAR decline. Despite the adverse market conditions, we outperformed our peers and gained RevPAR index across the region in the second quarter.

Our global RevPAR index, which is at a substantial premium, also rose again in the quarter. As we look ahead to the full year, we are narrowing our global RevPAR range to 3% to 4% growth, largely due to anticipated continued weakness in Greater China as Leeny will discuss in more detail. On a global basis, in the second quarter, we saw RevPAR growth across all 3 of our customer segments, group, leisure transient and business transient. With each segment experiencing increases in both room nights and average daily rate. Group, which comprised 24% of worldwide room nights in the quarter remained the strongest customer segment. Compared to the year ago quarter, group RevPAR rose 10% globally.

Full year 2024 worldwide group revenues were still pacing up 9% year-over-year at the end of the second quarter with a 5% increase in room nights and a 4% rise in ADR. Business transient, which contributed 33% of global room nights in the quarter, saw a 4% increase in RevPAR. Leisure transient, which accounted for 43% of worldwide room nights in the quarter posted a 2% rise in RevPAR. Within the business transient segment, demand from small- to medium-sized corporates which now account for nearly 55% of business transient room nights has grown significantly over the last few years.

Earlier this month, we announced business access by Marriott Bonvoy, a new comprehensive online booking travel program that we launched to ease and expand the booking experience and travel management process for these customers. While it is still early days, this new offering is already seeing great interest, and we're extremely pleased with the initial account sign-ups and users of the platform, both of which have outpaced expectations. We continue to enhance our powerful Marriott Bonvoy loyalty program, which had over 210 million members at the end of June.

We continue to see real success driving enrollments and engagement internationally in part due to our Bonvoy partnerships with Rakuten in Japan, Alibaba in China and Rappi in Cali. Member penetration of global room nights rose again reaching new record highs in the second quarter at 71% in the U.S. and Canada and 65% globally. Our new collaboration with Starbucks is the latest example of how we're connecting our members with people, places and passions that they truly love. We also remain laser-focused on providing our guests with excellent experiences in our hotels and are pleased with our intent to recommend scores, which have continued to steadily rise. Our leading global portfolio continues to grow meaningfully faster than overall industry supply, and we added approximately 15,500 net rooms to end the quarter with nearly 1.66 million rooms.

Global signing activity has remained strong. Record signings in APAC and Greater China for the first half of the year helped grow our pipeline to over 559,000 rooms around the world. Conversions, including multi-unit opportunities remain a significant driver of growth. as owners continue to value the depth and breadth of our brand portfolio and our powerful revenue engines. In the second quarter, convergence represented 37% of openings and 32% of signings. This conversion activity has been broad-based with hotels converting into 23 different Marriott brands over the last 12 months. While still below 2019 levels, we're also pleased with the continued upward trend in monthly construction starts.

In the second quarter, construction starts in the U.S. and Canada rose 40% year-over-year. In June, we signed 3 marquee luxury conversion deals in the U.S. The renowned resort of Pellicon Hill in Newport Beach, California and the luxury collection hotel in Manhattan Midtown have already joined our system. The iconic Turtle Bay Resort in Hawaii is joining the Ritz-Carlton brand today. We are thrilled to welcome these incredible properties as we further extend our global leading position in the high-value luxury segment. Our momentum in the mid-scale space developers are showing significant interest in our new brands in the tier, City Express by Marriott, 4 points expressed by Sheraton, studio res and our latest transient conversion-friendly brand in the U.S. In CALA, we continue to sign deals for City Express and are engaged in numerous discussions across the region. Our first Four Points Express opened in Turkey and over a dozen hotels from our recent multiunit conversion deal in APAC are expected to join our system later this year.

We're also in talks for Studio res hotels in over 300 markets, and we continue to execute on and pursue numerous types of opportunities from large development deals to one-off projects. Before I turn the call over to Leeny to discuss our financial results, I want to say thank you to all of our associates around the world for the hard work they do each and every day to advance our business and help connect people through the power of travel. Leeny?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Thank you, Tony. Second quarter gross fee revenues rose 7% year-over-year to $1.34 billion, the increase reflects stronger global RevPAR, routes growth and entire non-RevPAR-related franchise fees. Co-branded credit card fees rose 10% and residential branding fees were significantly higher than in the same quarter last year as we continue to benefit from our top position in branded residences globally.

Incentive management fees or IMF totaled $195 million in the second quarter. Growth in these fees was led by mid-teens percentage increases in APAC and EMEA partially offset by an $8 million decline in Greater China. IMF in the U.S. and Canada were flat year-over-year, in part impacted by continued softness in Hawaii. Second quarter adjusted EBITDA grew 9% to $1.32 billion and adjusted EPS increased 11% to $2.50.

Now let's talk about our outlook for 2024. Global RevPAR is expected to grow 3% to 4% in the third quarter and for the full year. RevPAR growth is expected to remain higher in the vast majority of our international markets than in the U.S. and Canada. The primary change in our full year outlook is Greater China's updated expectation of negative RevPAR growth for the rest of the year. We expect a continuation of current weak demand and pricing trends in the region with the third quarter anticipated to see the most meaningful RevPAR decline as outbound travel accelerates during summer holidays.

Note that given Greater China's lower overall average RevPAR compared to the rest of our system, it typically makes up around 7% of RevPAR-related fees although it accounts for 10% of open rooms. While we also expect marginally lower full year RevPAR in the U.S. and Canada than we had previously anticipated in part due to less group business, the first 2 weeks of November, given the intense focus on the U.S. presidential election. Overall RevPAR trends in the U.S. and Canada in the back half of the year are expected to remain relatively steady with the first 6 months of the year.

Our customer segment, worldwide RevPAR growth is still anticipated to be driven by another year of strong growth in group revenue, continued improvement in business transient revenue and slower but still growing leisure revenues. In the third quarter, gross fee growth is expected to be in the 6% to 8% range. Our owned, leased and other revenues net of expenses are anticipated to be roughly $75 million. For the full year, gross fees could rise 6% to 7% to $5.1 billion to $5.2 billion. Compared to last quarter's expectations, roughly 2/3 of the reduction is from IMF, largely from Greater China and select markets in the U.S. and Canada, like Hawaii and Washington, D.C. There's also additional negative currency impact from a still strong dollar as well as slightly lower than previously expected non-RevPAR-related franchise fees and the timing of hotel openings. [indiscernible] and other revenue, net of expenses, could now total $345 million to $350 million.

We now expect full year G&A expense could rise just 1% to 2% year-over-year. Full year adjusted EBITDA is now expected to rise between 6% and 8% to roughly $4.95 billion to $5 billion. Our 2024 effective tax rate is expected to be just above 25%. 2024 adjusted EPS is now expected to be between $9.23 and $9.40.

As Tony mentioned, we're very pleased with the robust signings and openings activity across our global portfolio, demonstrating owners and franchisees continued confidence in our brand's performance. We're focused on driving strong growth and still expect full year net rooms growth of 5.5% to 6%. Full year investment spending is still expected to total $1 billion to $1.2 billion. As you'll recall, this spending includes higher than historical investment in technology associated with the multiyear transformation of our property management, reservations and loyalty systems. The vast majority of which is expected to be reimbursed over time. We look forward to the many benefits expected to accrue from elevating our 3 major tech platforms. Our investment spending outlook also incorporates roughly $200 million for our owned lease portfolio, including renovation spending for the W Union Square in Manhattan and the elegant portfolio in Barbados.

When all renovations are complete, we'll ultimately look to recycle these assets and sign long-term management contracts for these properties. Our capital allocation philosophy remains the same. We're committed to our investment-grade rating, investing in growth that is accretive to shareholder value and then returning excess capital to shareholders through share repurchase and a modest dividend, which has risen meaningfully over time. We continue to generate strong levels of cash, including from our loyalty program, and our leverage ratio remains at the low end of our target range of 3 to 3.5x debt to EBITDAR. We currently expect approximately $4.3 billion in capital returns to shareholders for the full year. This factors in the $500 million of required cash in the fourth quarter for the purchase of the Sheraton Grand Chicago.

In closing, we have a lot of momentum in our business and strong growth prospects across our over 30 brands around the world, thanks to our terrific team. As we look ahead, we're incredibly optimistic about Marriott's future. Tony and I are now happy to take your questions. Operator?

[Operator]

[Operator Instructions] We will take our first question from Stephen Grambling with Morgan Stanley.

[Stephen Grambling, analyst]

I guess on the guidance in the second half, it looks like you kind of lowered overall RevPAR by about 50 basis points. The reduction in EBITDA about 2%. I realize a lot of that looks like it's incentive management fee related. But is that the appropriate kind of operating leverage to consider going forward? And what levers do you have to pull if you were to see the backdrop deteriorate further and try to take additional action.

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Thanks, Stephen. So a couple of things in that question. One is the reality that when we typically talk about one point of RevPAR being $50 million to $60 million in fees, that's assuming events equally across all markets around the world and it doesn't have any FX impact. And so I think you are clearly seeing with the drop that we talked today that the impact of the change in our outlook for Greater China has a disproportionate impact. When I think about Greater China's mix between base fees and IMF, is obviously quite different than it is in the U.S. where you have an owner's priority return. So from one point of RevPAR in Greater China, that is typically something more like $3 billion in fees, which is going to be more heavily weighted towards IMF than it would be in the U.S. where it would have a dramatically smaller impact. So I think we really have to look at the geography rather than necessarily just thinking about it and being half point overall because it is overwhelmingly related to Greater China with just a slight truly [indiscernible] can be lower expectation in the U.S. and Canada.

[Stephen Grambling, analyst]

Got it. That's helpful. Maybe 1 kind of unrelated, could be related follow-up is just there's always these questions around fees per room and how the NUG plus RevPAR translates to overall fees. There's a lot of puts and takes in the quarter, but has anything changed in your thought process or as we look at the longer-term algorithm as we think about that fees being related to net unit growth plus RevPAR?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Yes. No, we think you're absolutely right. We believe the algorithm absolutely holds up over time. You do have, as you described, the impact of certain elements changing unevenly. So in this particular situation, it is one market having a potentially large change in expected RevPAR for the rest of the year. But what we've talked before about our expectation of fees per key is actually rising over time, especially as we think about also having our rapidly growing non-RevPAR fees. So we're very pleased with those continuing trends and do not believe that the fundamental algorithm is any different.

[Operator]

And we will take our next question from Shaun Kelley with Bank of America.

[Shaun Kelley, analyst]

Just wanted to start with the RevPAR guidance. So if we kind of take the pieces here, obviously, we know where we came in, in the first half of the year, and you've given us color on Q3. I believe in the prepared remarks, you said Q3 would be the weakest point for China. But when we kind of do the pieces, I think Q4, the implied guidance is below Q3. So what's driving that sort of weaker Q4? Is it group timing? Is it some other shift you mentioned the election, but I think you also said U.S. is pretty stable. So what's driving, check the math. But if the math is right, what's driving the weaker Q4? Is there anything in that Q4 run rate, anybody needs to be concerned about or aware of?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Yes. Thank you, Shaun. And you're right, we can point out kind of an interesting distinction there between Q3 and Q4. With China only being roughly 10% of our rooms, that impact of the the lowest quarter in the back half of the year being Q3 doesn't have that much of an impact on Q4. What's going on in Q4 is as we described that we are seeing a bit lower group bookings, specifically in Q4 around the election, which is having an impact on the expectations for U.S. and Canada in Q4 versus Q3, though as we described, when we look at the entire back half of the year, we do expect to see really a similar sort of RevPAR growth number as you see in the first half of the year. And then on top of that, you've got your other international markets just continuing to normalize. So when I look at the first half of APAC and EMEA and CALA, I would expect that their back half is a little bit lower. And so in that regard, as you move towards Q4 and you continue to see additional normalization, although still quite strong RevPAR in those markets. And you put all that together and that's where you get a bit lower outlook for RevPAR in Q4 than Q3.

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

And maybe just to add a little more context to that, Shaun. The -- obviously, we knew there was an election this year and baked what we've seen as historical softness. But when you look back over prior election cycles, we tended to see a little bit of roof softness the week of election, given sort of the unique attributes of this election cycle, we're seeing that bleed into the week after the election as well. So it's -- from a group perspective, about half of November is feeling the the impact on the group side.

[Shaun Kelley, analyst]

Great -- and just as my follow-up just to kind of hit on China specifically. Obviously, I think you gave us a little bit of the heads up that this softening last quarter. The real question that I expect we'll get some is, is this bleeding it all into the development side, right? The signings and the development think side was a highlight for the quarter broadly. But what are you seeing on the ground there? And is that softness at all starting to impact developer conversations or signing conversations in Greater China?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

It's a great question and it's sort of an interesting riddle. As you heard in my prepared remarks, we had record signings in the first half of the year in China. I think it's really about the long-term prospects in China. Our owner community, certainly, the SOEs there continue to believe in the long-term dynamics of travel and continue to both sign and start construct them. So we really have seen no slowdown at all on that front. In fact, it's interesting. We signed 63 select service deals in the first half of the year in China. Almost half of those are expected to open within 12 months. So as we look at the pace, we ask the same question is you, are we stacking paper? Or are we signing deals that are going to materialize as openings and the pace of construction is really encouraging.

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

And the only thing I'll add is that I think with our continued strength in RevPAR index in Greater China, especially as you see demand softening over the past 6 months or so. We have seen increased owner appetite for being with the really strong brands that we have and across the full range of brands. So we're really pleased to see kind of from the limited service segment all the way up through luxury, the really strong demand for the brands, including conversions in China, I think really demonstrating that it's frankly in the weaker times that sometimes the brands can prove the most powerful. .

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Smedes Rose with Citi.

[Bennett Rose, analyst]

I wanted to ask you a little bit more. I mean you mentioned some weakness in Hawaii. And I just was wondering, are you seeing across all regions? Or is it maybe more isolated in Maui with what's been going on there? Or kind of -- and is it sort of leisure or is it sort of group incentive meetings? What's sort of driving relative weakness in that region?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Yes. Yes, sure, Smedes. And yes, I think I think Maui is definitely still seeing the slowest recovery. You still have the reality that the dollar is very strong and [indiscernible] has been always been a very popular place for Japanese travelers. And so we overall, in Hawaii, we've still not seen the level of Japanese travelers back in the state. But obviously, the tragedy in Lahaina has clearly had a huge impact on the island. And while we were there with Tony with the senior team a couple of weeks ago, and there's been fabulous progress, and it is really coming along well. But clearly, still, that island in particular, is having a slower recovery than the other parts of Hawaii. But Hawaii overall, is still feeling the impact of the strong dollar.

[Bennett Rose, analyst]

Okay. And then I just wanted to ask you, you mentioned that IMF fees were flat in North America. I think. Can you just remind us what percentage of your system in North America is currently paying IMF?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Sure. Absolutely. So interestingly, it's the same percentage as a year ago in the second quarter, 26% of the hotels in the U.S. are paying incentive fees in the second quarter and just as a reference point, in China, in Greater China, we went from 86% to 80%. So you see that really large delta given the structure of the management agreements. Overall, we're managed contracts for Marriott, we went from 62% paying incentive fees last year in the second quarter to 61% this year. So you can see that in the U.S., it's fairly steady and more limited to certain pockets geographically that weren't quite as strong. .

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Joe Greff with JPMorgan.

[Joseph Greff, analyst]

Your gross fee guidance for the full year is lowered by about $50 million to $100 million versus what you gave in May. I was hoping you can break that out between the net impact from China, the election impact in the U.S. and FX?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Yes. So let's do this. IMF are definitely 2/3 of that. And I would say, if you're looking at that a solid half if not a bit more, is from Greater China. Now that you've got to get into how much is the RevPAR versus how much is FX, and there is a bit of both. Then you're also looking in IMF and some in the U.S., which, let's call it, broadly speaking, roughly 10 from various markets not performing as well as we expected a quarter ago. Then you've got also FX overall, is affecting both some base fees and IMFs. So to separate it out, you get into a bit into kind of which element are you describing. But I would say that China is the biggest impact on the change in IMFs, which is 2/3 of the overall $75 million in reduction. And then you've got a bit from the U.S. and a bit from. Obviously, the lower RevPAR globally has a little bit of impact and then ever so truly ever so slightly is related to non-RevPAR fees.

[Joseph Greff, analyst]

Great. I think, Tony, in your prepared remarks, you talked about construction starts in the U.S. and Canada, up 40% year-over-year. And we're hearing that from others as well. Can you talk about construction starts outside the U.S., how that has been trending?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Yes, of course. So as I said, here in the U.S., up about 40%, which is really encouraging. In Greater China, I might refer to the comment I made earlier. Again, in China, as you know, oftentimes projects that come to us are well under construction. So we tend to look more at what percentage of those deals might open within 12 months of signing and to see the early half in Greater China are really encouraging. In APAC, Asia Pacific, excluding China, there is still some challenges getting projects announced. And there's a continued weight for a little easing in the interest rate environment. And in EMEA, you've got a similar circumstance. Financing is continuing to be a bit of an impediment but despite everything I just described between all of the regions that we talked about, construction starts on a global basis are up that same number about 40%. And the other thing I would tell you is the combination of some improvement in construction start activity and continued really strong performance on the conversion side. We've now had 27 straight quarters with about 200,000 rooms or more under construction. So even with really strong openings, continue to see those starts fuel the under-construction pipeline.

[Operator]

And our next question comes from David Katz with Jefferies.

[David Katz, analyst]

What I wanted to do was just get a little further insight on the NUG guidance broadly speaking, which is the same. And the makeup of that dug where we're focused on, let's say, the MGM deal, which is a different kind of fee structure than what you have. And should we be looking at that lug in that pipeline through a more updated lens where there are going to be more of those kinds of deals in there and just thinking about how we model fees in response to that no over time if my question is clear enough?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Yes, it is. And I think the short answer is, I don't think it should cause you to think materially differently about the value of our NUG, about our fee structures. MGM was an extraordinarily exciting and unique opportunity to bring 2 powerhouse sets of brands together and that caused us to be creative on the deal structure. But the vast majority, almost the entirety of the pipeline fits squarely in our traditional approach to managed and franchise deals.

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

The only thing I would add David, is that we are really pleased with the number of multiunit deals that we're signing. But overwhelmingly, they're multiunit franchise or managed deals that are typical, but they just represent an owner wanting to sign a number of properties up with Marriott rather than a.

[Audio Gap]

So in that regard, it's great for our growth, and we're really pleased with the continuation of those relationships, but they don't represent a fundamental change in the nature of the agreement.

[David Katz, analyst]

That's really, really helpful. Ken, while we're on the subject, as my follow-up, could we just touch on the MDM deal and talk about how it's going, any data points or anything like that would be helpful?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Yes. The short answer is it's really going great. I talked to Bill not long ago, I think, from both companies' perspectives, we are elated at the volume of both transient and group leads that are coming through our systems. The number of folks that are considering linking their MGM rewards and Marriott Bonvoy accounts, the number of groups that are unique groups that are now available to the MGM portfolio. So I think on all fronts, we are thrilled.

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Brandt Montour with Barclays.

[Brandt Montour, analyst]

So I want to talk about group and group pace for '25. Have you guys seen that pace remain consistent? Has it strengthened or softened quarter-over-quarter and have you seen any booking hesitation from large groups for '25 in relation to the election and the uncertainty around the election?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Yes. So good questions. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, the forward bookings for the balance of '24 are consistent with last quarter with about 9% improvement in 2025, as we look ahead. Right now, 2025 is pacing at 9%, which is a little erosion from last quarter. But most of the change is due to pace in room nights. Some of that is around -- or the length of time that folks are booking now, but group continues to be a standout.

[Brandt Montour, analyst]

That's great, Tony. And then just a second question on owned and leased. It looks like the 2Q came in nicely ahead of plan and you raised the full year, -- maybe just highlight which region stood out there and then the second half outlook for owned and how that squares with your broader sort of shifting in thoughts for that portfolio?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Sure. As you know, our own lease portfolio is a bit disparate around the world, and so it can depend on certain markets. Obviously, in Europe and its business has been good. And so those results are strong. But it also contains termination fees in that category. And I think the reality is the outlook for termination fees is a bit higher than it was a quarter ago. It's as you noted, a very modest change in the overall guidance. So we're pleased with how well the hotels are doing in that portfolio. We've got a little bit of renovation impact that goes on. But otherwise, overall, really consistent view of the results in that segment with a little bit more termination fees. .

[Operator]

And we will take our next question from Dan Politzer with Wells Fargo.

[Daniel Politzer, analyst]

In terms of the unit growth, certainly pacing well, and you've given a lot of color in terms of both China as well as ex-China. As we think about kind of the exit pace for this year and the setup for next year, to what degree do you have confidence in achieving that 5% to 5.5% CAGR that you laid out at your Analyst Day last year?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

So first of all, it won't surprise you. We're not ready to talk about specifics for next year, but we certainly continue to believe that the 5% to 5.5% guidance that we gave in September of '23 is appropriate. Whether it -- we've got a specific budget that looks at a number that is higher or not. We will get there as we move through the process. The thing I'd like to point out is conversion and also the adaptive reuse numbers that Tony talked about relative to Greater China. Given that we are looking at a roughly 30% of our room openings coming from conversions and then the adaptive reuse numbers that we've talked about. I think we do continue to see a great rise of near-term openings over the next 18 months around the world. Tony pointed out the 3 luxury conversions that opened this year in the U.S., and those were in the year for the year conversions for the company. So those deals were signed this year and opened this year. .

So from that perspective, we do continue to feel really good about the demand for the brands and then we talked a little bit about the uptick in construction starts, and I think you put that together and that bodes well for the company's continued net rooms growth.

[Daniel Politzer, analyst]

Got it. And then just, I think, Lenny, you mentioned that leisure is still growing, albeit slowly. Can you maybe unpack that a bit and talk a little bit about the underlying trends there, either by chain scale or booking window or any changes you've seen in that customer base?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Yes, sure. You're right. We saw leisure growth 2% and while that's clearly nothing like group that was at 10%, it is still encouraging given they came out of COVID rapid fire and with huge increases in RevPAR. So very pleased. Global leisure nights were up 2%. ADR was up 1%, and even the U.S. and Canada leisure RevPAR was up 1%. And when you look at the various segments, global luxury resorts were up 4.1% in terms of RevPAR and U.S. lung sorts were up almost 1%. So while I think there is at the margin I hear more caution from the U.S. customer. We do see that there continues to be very strong demand on the leisure front. .

The other thing I'd point out is that we clearly are seeing a stronger performance in the upper chain scales than compared to the lower chain scale. And you're seeing that throughout the industry as well. So when you look at premium and luxury, that overall is stronger than it is at the lower than [indiscernible].

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

And Dan, just to provide a little more context. I mean Leeny referenced the strength we've seen in leisure, I remind yourself, leisure was the fastest customer segment to recover. And over the last 5 years, RevPAR and the leisure segment is up [ 14% ] and so to continue to see quarter-over-quarter improvement in leisure RevPAR on the shoulders of that sort of recovery for us is quite encouraging.

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

And the last thing I'll say is we do expect for the full year, while it will not be that it will be relatively the slower growing segment compared to group in BT. We still do expect it to be up for the full year as well. .

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Bill Crow with Raymond James.

[William Crow, analyst]

If I could just start with a follow-up on that last question. Are you seeing the sluggishness at the low end creeping into higher income levels at this point?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

No, not really. I think one thing that's just interesting is that ancillary spend around the world U.S. and Canada and frankly, all of the other regions. Ancillary spend with a hair softer than we anticipated. And I think it does show that the consumer in general is perhaps being a bit more judicious about the fancy dinner or going on that extra trip when they're on a [indiscernible]. And that is really the only thing. It's not trade down in any meaningful way. And as we pointed out, the resort RevPAR was sturdy. But that's really the only item that I can point to.

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Yes. I think, Bill, the the empirical data that supports Leeny's observation, when you looked in the quarter at occupancy improvement by quality tier, Luxury was actually the tier that had the best improvement at almost 2.5 points of occupancy year-over-year. And so again, that high-end consumer continues to show real resilience and real appetite for travel. I think the one thing we're watching is what Leeny pointed out, and that's the ancillary spend.

[William Crow, analyst]

Yes. Okay. If I could just follow up with a quick one about the balance of travel between inbound and outbound international. This was supposed to be the summer where it kind of equaled out and that's not happening. Can you just update us your thoughts on how you see that recovery playing out, especially inbound into the United States?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Yes. So interestingly, inbound is about the same as it was prior to COVID, your 4% to 5% of the nights in the U.S. are from cross-border. And it's the same as usual. We're big cities like New York and Miami continue to get outsized presence from cross-border travel. But they also continue to be from the markets like Canada and Mexico coming to the U.S. As we look at going to other markets, we are seeing that we've gone in hair higher than '19 levels. We're almost 20% of our business around the world, this cross-border. Now part of that, the reality is we've got more international rooms than we had in 2019. But you continue to see, with the strong U.S. dollar, you continue to see great travel from U.S. travelers, for example, going to Japan, going to Europe, Middle Eastern travelers traveling to many other countries. So I think the global nature of travel is only increasing, which, from our perspective, is fabulous. .

[Operator]

And we will take our next question from Aryeh Klein with BMO Capital Markets.

[Aryeh Klein, analyst]

Going back to China, historically, that region has been a sizable outsource of travel demand globally. And based on the commentary, that appears to be largely holding. Why do you think that case? And is that something you anticipate changing?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Could you repeat it? You broke up some on the question? Do you mind repeating it, please?

[Aryeh Klein, analyst]

Sorry about that. Yes, so just China has been a sizable outsourcer of travel demand globally. And based on the commentary that he still appears to be holding. Why do you think that's the case? And is that something you expect to change given the broader weakness in China?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

So I'll give you a couple of facts and also a reminder that a year ago, you were just starting to see Chinese travelers leaving the country. So 1 of the big differences in Q2 is that was meaningfully better airlift out of China to other parts of the world. And while the U.S. airlift is still not back to where it was, overall, they're about 75% back to where they were in terms of airlift to other countries and particularly to other countries in Asia Pacific. So no doubt, our Asia Pacific hotels outside of Greater China benefited from the higher income of travelers in China wanting to go outside of China now that, frankly, it was a fairer opportunity to do so on the heels of the recovery from COVID.

So we are seeing that. I will say that the travel to and from the U.S. is definitely not back to the levels that it was. And we do continue to expect to see really strong outbound demand from Greater China, but I will point you again to the overall macroeconomic picture there in Greater China, which is, frankly, meant that overall levels of travel spend have not recovered as fast as perhaps might have expected.

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

The only thing I would add are the other catalysts we've seen is the Chinese government has been more aggressive in striking Visa deals with preferred destinations, removing one more layer of friction for outbound Chinese travelers, especially at the high end, and we're seeing that particularly in our results across APAC.

[Aryeh Klein, analyst]

And then just on the 40% increase in U.S. construction RevPAR, is there any notable difference between the starts on select service hotels versus full-service hotels?

[Brandt Montour, analyst]

No. Overwhelmingly, our pipeline, as you might imagine, is overwhelmingly limited service in any event. And most of the full-service deals that we're doing are conversion. So this is quite similar to 2019, where they're overwhelmingly select service new builds. .

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Robin Farley with UBS.

[Robin Farley, analyst]

Just going back to the topic of unit growth. You talked about the increased construction starts. But if you look at sort of overall under construction as a percent of pipeline, it's still I want to say it's that 37% is still quite a bit lower than historic. So I'm just wondering you mentioned not really China, not the issue there. It's a lot of projects that are sitting that haven't gotten the financing? Or is it actually churn and like projects falling out, new projects coming in. So that percent of under construction isn't necessarily picking up? Just any color around that?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Yes. It's definitely not churn. I mean we continue to see kind of historic low levels of dropout from the pipeline. I think here in the U.S., while we're encouraged by that pickup of 40%. You still -- and it's a bit ironic because when you talk to the lenders, often the hospitality component of their commercial real estate portfolios are the best subset of that portfolio. But the availability of construction debt is still relatively constricted to where we were in a pre-pandemic situation. And as a result, we're not back to where we were pre-pandemic terms of shovels in the group. Trends are going in the right direction, but we're just not all the way back yet.

[Robin Farley, analyst]

Okay. And just as a follow-up, looking at 2025, and I know you haven't guided specifically, but you had that sort of 2-year guidance that kind of implies for 2025. that conversions will kind of accelerate, I think, as a percent of new units next year. And I think conversions are already a greater contributor to your net unit growth than historic. Just looking at that 30% this maybe you can refresh us maybe that's -- I'm not remembering that right. But if you're already at sort of the higher the historic percent. Help us think about what dynamics you're expecting that will sort of drive incremental conversions as a percent of total for 2025. And because of there's acceleration overall, your unit growth expectation, it's not just acceleration in percent of total acceleration in absolute units as well?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Yes. So again, as Leeny pointed out earlier, we're not quite ready to put a stake in the ground on specific guidance for '25. But we continue to see conversion volume at 30-plus percent of both signings and openings. It feels like our momentum in conversions is accelerating and it's really encouraging to see the way the owner and franchise community is gravitating towards the strength of our revenue engines .

[Operator]

And our next question comes from Patrick Scholes with Truist Securities.

[Charles Scholes, analyst]

My first question, how would you describe your visibility as far as bookings in China as opposed to the U.S., even more granular, what would you say the typical booking window looks like for China versus over here?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Yes. So I think our visibility is pretty good, but the booking window is historically short right now. And so that's making it challenging for us to look much beyond the end of this year. Right now, you are seeing very, very short-term booking window kind of 1 to 3 days versus what we see around those the rest of the world is closer to 20 days.

[Charles Scholes, analyst]

Okay. And then a different topic here. I'm wondering if you could give us an update on your recent trends for spending key money to make development happen?

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Of course. It's a trend that we analyze quite a bit ourselves. And so I'm going to give you a couple of statistics. We're only halfway through '24. So I'm going to compare 2019 to 2023 full year. It's interesting the percentage of deals in full year 2023 that required key money is actually a bit lower than what we saw in 2019. And similarly, the amount of key money offered in deals that had key money in 2023 was almost 10% lower than what we saw in 2019. Now to be sure, there's a couple of other trends below the surface of those encouraging statistics. To be sure the environment is becoming more and more competitive, and we continue to apply the same lens we've always supplied, which is in deals that are strategic and have significant fee upside that's when we consider leveraging the company's balance sheet.

And number two, back in 2019, I don't know the precise statistic, but the bulk of the key money we deployed would have been in the upper upscale and luxury, and I think now you are seeing selectively the opportunity or the need to deploy key money or other capital tools lower in the quality tier framework.

[Operator]

And we will take our final question from Michael Bellisario with Baird.

[Michael Bellisario, analyst]

Just first question, just a follow-up on the ancillary spend. Is the lower non-RevPAR fee outlook? Is that being driven by lower card spending? And then are you also seeing that softer ancillary spend within the group segment? Or is that comment just specific to leisure transient?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Yes. No. So good questions. I would say the lower ancillary spend is across the board. So a little bit only a little bit, but a little bit everywhere both leisure as well as group. And then on the non-RevPAR spend, overall, we are still seeing credit card spend go up very nicely. We're still looking at credit card fees being up 10% in 2024. It is the average spend that has moderated a little bit in terms of a typical cardholder in the U.S. But again, only a very, very small amount. And just as a reminder, the ancillary spend is related to credit card spend because obviously, people use their credit cards to buy these things. But our ancillary revenues are going to come through the RevPAR line because those are earned at hotels. The non-RevPAR fees are entirely a function of what's going on, obviously, in residential and timeshare and in the credit cards. And that's where, to your point, we're seeing average spend moderate a bit. But again, overall, credit card spend will go up very nicely because we're really pleased with the adding of new cardholders to our portfolio.

[Michael Bellisario, analyst]

Got it. Understood. And then just one follow-up just on your lower-end chain scales. You've noted a lot of discussions and signings, but where are you at with shovels in the ground, say, for studio res, and then are you still focused on the multiunit development deals? And then when do you switch to single asset deals?

[Kathleen Oberg, executive]

Yes. So as we spoke about before, we are really pleased with the large number of multiunit conversion deals that we've had under discussion and some cases, closed around the world. So that is great. And then we've talked about specifically in the mid-scale and having over hotels under discussion with multiunit developers. And we are seeing more of them actually put in the space, the shovels in the ground.

[Jackie McConagha, executive]

Operator?

[Operator]

Thank you. We have used up our allotted time for questions. I will now turn the call over to Tony for closing remarks.

[Anthony Capuano, executive]

Great. Well, as always, thank you again for your interest in Marriott. I hope you enjoy the balance of the summer. Hope you're out on the road, and we'll look forward to speaking to you next quarter. Thanks. .

[Operator]

This does conclude today's Marriott International Q2 2024 earnings. Thank you for your participation. You may disconnect at any time.