Jazz Pharmaceuticals PLC
NASDAQ:JAZZ
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Jazz Pharmaceuticals PLC
Earnings Call Analysis
Q3-2023 Analysis
Jazz Pharmaceuticals PLC
Xywav, a product developed for sleep disorders such as narcolepsy, is capturing attention for its health benefits tied to lowered sodium intake compared to high sodium oxybate. Patients on high sodium oxybate showed double the risk of hypertension diagnoses or the necessity for anti-hypertensive medication within half a year of treatment in contrast to narcolepsy patients who didn’t receive high sodium treatments.
The company reports a positive growth trajectory with net product sales increasing by 9% year-over-year, amounting to around $214 million, owing partly to Epidiolex's robust demand in U.S. and European markets. Epidiolex, armed with compelling data and an expanding reach, is on the road to becoming a blockbuster. Looking at Rylaze, a cancer treatment, the sales soared by 43% compared to last year, indicating robust demand and sustainable growth patterns, while Zepzelca sales jumped by 11% year-over-year primarily due to increased underlying demand.
Extensive efforts are underway to secure Epidiolex's blockbuster status through prolific data generation with upcoming presentations at notable medical gatherings, such as the American Epilepsy Society meeting. Epidiolex's commercials are also being strengthened to solidify its footing, particularly by focusing on dosing optimization and reaching broader markets beyond the U.S.
The company's oncology segment is preparing to make strides with prospective top-line data expected from a major Phase III trial for Zepzelca, which could drive significant growth in the oncology portfolio if the outcome is favorable. In addition, Zanidatamab is poised to begin a rolling Biologics License Application (BLA) submission this year for accelerated approval to treat biliary tract cancer, with a confirmatory trial planned to run concurrently.
Several drugs in the pipeline such as JZP-150, a FAAH inhibitor targeting PTSD, and JZP-441, an orexin-2 receptor agonist for sleep disorders, are progressing, with key data readouts anticipated to occur as early as January 2024. JZP-815, a pan-RAF inhibitor for various tumor types, is also advancing with trials to determine its optimal Phase II doses based on mutation status.
The company has achieved $972 million in total revenues, prompting an increase in the full-year 2023 revenue guidance to between $3.75 billion to $3.875 billion, indicating year-over-year growth. Furthermore, the company has seen heightened activity for high sodium authorized generics and an augmented mid-point oncology revenue outlook that is expected to grow by 16%. These moves come with an adjusted operating margin goal of 44% as the company charges toward its Vision 2025 targets.
There's a coordinated surge in research and development (R&D) expenditure to between $780 million to $820 million, mirroring the belief in the pipeline's promise, particularly for transformative treatments like Zanidatamab. The company also increased the midpoint of Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) expense guidance, balancing cost management with investment in brand growth.
The company's financial stratagem has leveraged a tax rate that is set to rise in alignment with global standards, highlighting the prudence in capital allocation. Investment in R&D has flourished due to tax benefits among other factors, positioning the pipeline for long-term progress.
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[Audio Gap] large orders of fast food french fries or 5 large bags of potato chips every night before bed, or that it would take 12 years of treatment with Xywav to equal the sodium intake of 1 year of high sodium oxybate treatment. Regardless of the parallels we draw, the bottom line is clear. The sodium reduction offered by Xywav had significant potential health benefits, including lower blood pressure and improved cardiovascular health. We recently presented data at the World Sleep Meeting that built on our body of research demonstrating the clear relationship between sleep disorders and increased cardiovascular risk, as well as the meaningful improvements possible with treatment plans that consider a patient's holistic health, such as reducing sodium intake. And earlier this year, we shared data at the American Academe Neurology meeting that should narcolepsy patients treated with high sodium oxybate had a higher risk of new onset hypertension diagnosis or anti-hypertensive medication initiation within 180 days of starting therapy when compared to a match control group of narcolepsy patients not being treated with high sodium oxybate.
So [indiscernible] of those taking high sodium oxybate was approximately twice that of the control group. We believe that the majority of patients and health care providers will continue to prioritize long-term health, when evaluating oxybate therapy, and we are finding the direct competitive messaging In The Less Is More campaign to be effective. Additionally, since we know this disease and its treatment are complex, the campaign also highlights the advantages of individualized dosing regimens for Xywav patients and the support services that Jazz makes available for HCPs and their office staff to have Xywav prescriptions approved, reimbursed and delivered to patients. We also offer a range of patient services that include co-pay assistance and disease education.
Turning to Slide 10 and Epidiolex. We achieved another quarter of growth with net product sales increasing 9% year-over-year to approximately $214 million driven by underlying demand in both our U.S. and European markets. Key drivers of this demand growth include Epidiolex' strong product profile including data around benefits beyond seizure control, increased penetration in the long-term care setting and strong uptake in key European markets. all of which provide us with continued confidence in a blockbuster potential of the product.
Turning to Slide 11. We are focused on multiple opportunities to drive Epidiolex to blockbuster status including continued data generation and we expect to present several data sets at the upcoming American Epilepsy Society meeting in December. Our educational efforts around caregiver reported outcomes beyond user control from the become survey have been especially in [indiscernible], further differentiating Epidiolex from other antiseizure medicines. To accompany this caregiver reported data on improvements in cognition, behavior and other non-seizure benefits in LGS and DS, we have initiated the post-marketing Epicom trial in TSC. Epicom was designed in collaboration with HCPs and patient advisory groups to evaluate the impact of Epidiolex on behavioral and cognitive functioning and outcomes using a range of validated scales. Our commercial team also has an enhanced focus on dosing optimization, further penetration in the adult setting and continued growth outside the U.S. Turning to Slide 12 and our oncology franchise. Net product sales for Rylaze were approximately $105 million for the third quarter, a 43% increase year-over-year. Demand for Rylaze remains strong, and we see a number of factors that are driving what we believe is sustainable growth.
First, health care providers have indicated that they are returning to best clinical practice and switching therapy at the first signed hypersensitivity, which was often not possible under the supply limitations with Erwinaze; second, Rylaze has been almost universally adopted in pediatric oncology protocols. We are now also seeing increased pediatric usage in several other areas. These areas include physicians switching patients from ECI-based asparaginase due to other treatment-related issues that arise as well as some use of Rylaze in first-line treatment based on its advantages of a short-acting profile relative to current first-line asparaginase therapies; third, we continue to see increased adoption of the Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 25-25-50 milligrams per meter square dosing, which is more in line with preferred clinical practice and allows for a dosing schedule that ensures sustained asparaginase levels through the course of treatment which is essential to improved outcomes for patients; fourth, we are seeing increased use of Rylaze in the treatment of adolescents and young adults or the AYA market, and we expect continued growth in this segment. Our field teams have been expanding their educational efforts to AYA treaters this year with focus on physicians who have previously used asparaginase therapy.
Outside the U.S., we recently received European Commission approval under the trade name in Rylaze and are planning to begin a rolling launch later this year. With respect to the market opportunity, the commercial landscape in Europe had a number of differences compared to the U.S., including competition and market access dynamics. Turning to Slide 13. Zepzelca remains the treatment of choice in second-line small cell lung cancer and has generated more than $800 million of revenue since launch, proving to be a highly accretive and well-executed corporate development transaction for Jazz. Net product sales for the third quarter increased 11% year-over-year to $78 million driven by an increase in underlying demand. A point of this demand relates to the continued shortage of platinum chemotherapy, which has led to oncologists choosing Zepzelca for some patients, they may have historically rechallenged with platinum therapy. Although this dynamic may be temporary in nature, it is currently resulting in greater use of Zepzelca, particularly in the community setting, whereas clinical profile and ease of administration have been well received. While we have achieved significant penetration in the second line setting, there remains an important unmet need for patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. We expect top line PFS data from a pivotal Phase III trial of Zepzelca in combination with Tecentriq in first-line small cell lung cancer at the end of 2024 or early 2025. A positive outcome in this trial would provide a further opportunity to both improve patient lives and outcomes as well as drive future growth in our oncology franchise. With that, I'll turn it over to Rob for an update on our pipeline and upcoming milestones. Rob?
Thank you, Renee. Slide 15 provides an overview of our robust diversified pipeline that includes neuroscience and oncology programs across all phases of development. Consistent with our mission and strategy, these programs focused on advancing the treatment of serious diseases for which there are limited or no options. Moving to Slide 16. This is an exciting time for our organization as we approach multiple catalysts across the pipeline. We now expect up to 5 late-stage data readouts through 2024 and with all 5 addressing areas of significant unmet need. Starting with neuroscience, recruitment in our Phase III trial of Epidiolex in Japan is progressing well, and we now expect top line data in the second half of 2024. We are pleased to announce that we have completed enrollment in our ongoing Phase II trial of JZP-150 and PTSD. Based on timing of the last patient last visit, we are updating the anticipated timing of our topline data readout to January 2024.
We also have ongoing trials for subacaltamide, or JZP-385, in both essential tremor and Parkinson's disease tremor with top line data from the ET trial expected in the first half of 2024. If results are positive, we believe this trial could serve as heart of a pivotal package. In addition, we anticipate initial proof-of-concept in healthy volunteers later this year for JZP-441, our Orexin 2 receptor agonist. Moving to oncology and Zanidatamab. We expect to report top line data from the ongoing Phase III frontline gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma trial next year. Later in the call, I'll provide an overview of our regulatory strategy for Zanidatamab, including an update on BTC. As Renee just mentioned, top line progression-free survival data in Zepzelca in combination with Tecentriq as first-line maintenance therapy for extensive stage small cell lung cancer is expected at the end of 2024 or early 2025. I'll now discuss some of our key programs in detail. Starting on Slide 17, with Zanidatamab, our highest priority pipeline asset. Given its potential across multiple HER2-positive tumor types, we are expanding and accelerating our development plans for this exciting molecule. Zanidatamab is a novel bispecific antibody that can simultaneously bind 2 nonoverlapping epitopes of HER2, known as biparatopic binding.
This unique design results in multiple mechanisms of action, including dual HER2 signal blockade, receptor clustering on the cancer cell surface, leading to internalization by a biparatopic binding and potent immune activation, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity, leading to encouraging antitumor activity in patients. Additionally, zanidatamab can prevent HER2 from combining with other HER2 proteins and with ERB receptor family members like HER3, which can further block growth signaling. Zanidatamab has shown compelling activity across a broad range of HER2-expressing tumors. And we presented promising efficacy and early survival data at ASCO in BTC and ASCO GI and GEA earlier this year. Most recently, BeiGene, which has development rights in some Asia Pacific markets outside of Japan, reported results at this year's ESMO meeting from a Phase II trial of zanidatamab in combination with chemotherapy, atezolizumab [indiscernible] anti-PD-1 antibody in first-line gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers. Data included an overall response rate of 76%, with a median duration of response of 22.8 months and a median progression-free survival of 16.7 months at the time of the cut-off.
These data, along with our own GEA program, are building a body of evidence supporting the potential of zanidatamab in treating first-line GEA. Based on compelling Phase II data, we plan to initiate a rolling BLA submission this year for accelerated approval of zanidatamab for second-line treatment of biliary tract cancer. We expect to complete the submission in the first half of 2024 and anticipate that our confirmatory trial in first-line BTC will be open and enrolling patients prior to the completion of the rolling BLA submission. Turning to Slide 18. BTC and GEA are the first of multiple indications we plan to pursue for zanidatamab. We believe zanidatamab has the potential to raise the standard of care for some of the most difficult-to-treat HER2-expressing cancers, including breast cancer, where we see a significant potential to help patients in both early and late-stage disease. We are executing a comprehensive development plan and are excited about delivering this innovative therapy to patients. If approved, we expect to initially enter the market in second-line BTC where physicians would gain important experience with zanidatamab. Following BTC, a we expect to have a PAC [ 2 ] approval in first-line GEA with a supplemental BLA submission, which provides a more streamlined approval process compared to a full BLA.
We strongly believe that a substantial opportunity remains to address the unmet patient need in first-line GEA, including in the HER2-positive PD-L1 negative patient population where this care remains trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. For patients who are PD-L1 positive, we believe that Zanidatamab has the potential to be the HER2-targeted treatment of choice. While also combining with a PD-1 inhibitor in order to treat those patients with GA whose tumors expressed PD-L1. There also makes an opportunity to move into earlier stages of GA where the potential to help those patients in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. GA represents a significantly larger patient opportunity compared to BTC. And and a prior approval in BTC may accelerate adoption into GEA treatment time lines and protocols. We look forward to data from the ongoing pivotal [ III ] GA trial expected in 2024, which may support U.S. and global regulatory submissions. Breast cancer also represents a considerable opportunity, supported by promising early data for zanidatamab monotherapy in multiple combinations and across stages of disease and lines of therapy. Based on the efficacy and safety seen in studies to date, we believe zanidatamab is well set for early-stage disease including potential use as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy.
Zanidatamab has also shown promise in HER2-positive and hormone receptor positive breast cancer as part of a novel combination. Based on these encouraging signs of activity, we have ongoing trials in neoadjuvant breast cancer, including an arm in the I-SPY platform trial, which is studying zanidatamab for the neoadjuvant treatment for locally-advanced breast cancer. We are also evaluating the opportunity to expand into both combination regimens and later lines of therapy in HER2-positive and HER2 HR-positive breast cancer. Finally, we are also evaluating zanidatamab in multiple early phase trials in other tumor types, where a few HER2-targeted treatment options are available. We are impressed with the strength of data and clinical activity zanidatamab has shown across a diverse set of HER2-expressing indications such as colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and multiple other cancers where there continues to be a need for safe and effective targeted treatment options for patients. In summary, committed to rapidly advancing and expanding our development program for a molecule that has the potential to transform the current standard of care in multiple HER2-expressing cancers. Turning to Slide 19, JZP-150 is our novel, highly selective fatty acid amide hydrolase, or fall inhibitor. We are developing JZP-150 as a once-daily oral medication with the potential to impact the pathophysiology and symptoms of PTSD.
By addressing the underlying cause of PTSD, impairment of fear extinction and its consolidation, JZP-150 has the potential to improve patients' associated symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia and nightmares. Preclinical and early critical data showed activity on fear extinction and stress response. JZP-150 has a novel and promising mechanism of action, providing irreversible inhibition of [indiscernible], which we believe may have advantages over reversible inhibitors in development, and we anticipate top line data readout in January 2024. On Slide 20, I'll highlight JZP-441, a potent highly selective orexin 2 receptor agonist designed to activate and restore impaired orexin signal. Through this mechanism of action, JZP-441 as the potential take or pronounced weight promoting effects in people with less. Orexin or excitatory neuropeptides that play an important role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Patients with type 1 narcolepsy have a loss of orexin-producing neurons with impaired orexin signaling. And clinically, these patients often present with chronic disabling symptoms that significantly impact patients' ability to function normally during the day. Slide 21 illustrates the design of our Phase I program, evaluating safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of JZP-441 in healthy volunteers.
Our single ascending dose study is being conducted in sleep-deprived healthy volunteers and includes an evaluation of the weight-promoting effects of JZP-441 using the maintenance of wakefulness test, or MWT. This is a recognized disease model has historically has translated to patient efficacy. We also have an ongoing study evaluating multiple sending daytime doses in healthy volunteers intended to provide safety of chronic dosing in support of a multiple dose study in patients. Importantly, we have structured the program to maximize our learnings at this stage, including identifying appropriate dose ranges, which we believe will accelerate later development in patients. We're excited about the potential of JZP-441 and look forward to updating you on our progress later this year. Turning to Slide 22. Our team is advancing little preclinical compounds to a clinical stage [indiscernible]. JZP-815, a molecule that has emerged from our collaboration with RedX is 1 of our most recently initiated Phase I trials. JZP-815 is a highly selective potent PMRA inhibitor with a differentiated mechanism of action. It targets specific components of the mitogen-activated prokinase pathway that are known oncogenic drivers, active against multiple BRAF and CRAF mutants and a spectrum of BRAF fusions.
Activity against A-RAF mutants may be an important point of differentiation as recent data suggests the importance of PAYRAF in the context of mutant RAS activation. JZP-815 also potently inhibits both monomer and dimer driven signaling and prevents paradoxical path activation induced by BRAF selective inhibition. Slide 23 illustrates the design of the ongoing JZP-815 Phase I trial, evaluating the safety, dosing, [indiscernible], macrodynamics and initial antitumor activity of JZP-815 in participants with advanced or metastatic solid tumors harboring mutations in the MAP kinase pathway. It consists of 2 parts. Part A will characterize the safety and tolerability of JZP-815, determining a maximum tolerated dose PK profile to determine a recommended Phase II dose to be further investigated and the expansion phase or Part B. Part B will investigate the antitumor activity at the recommended Phase II dose in various tumor types based on mutation status. Overall, our R&D team has been advancing multiple programs from our neuroscience and oncology pipeline, and we have multiple upcoming catalysts and near-term data readouts. Now I will turn the call over to Bruce for a financial update. Bruce?
Thanks, Rob. I'll start with our top and bottom line results on Slide 25. As a reminder, our full financial results are available in our press release and 10-Q. In the third quarter of 2023, we achieved $970 million in total revenues, driven by continued growth of our key products in both neuroscience and oncology. We're pleased with the continued trajectory of Xywav during a period when high sodium oxybate competition has been introduced into the market. Coupled with Epidiolex momentum, the strong growth of Rylaze and solid performance of Zepzelca, total revenue increased 3% compared to the third quarter of 2022. Our adjusted net income for the quarter was $340 million, and we reported adjusted EPS of $4.84. The decreases in ANI and EPS this quarter compared to the same period last year were driven primarily by an increase in R&D investment, partially offset by higher revenues and lower effective tax rate. The majority of our increase this quarter is related to zanidatamab. Our adjusted EPS also reflects a lower number of diluted shares outstanding compared to the same period last year. We continue to generate significant cash from our business. We recorded $307 million of cash from operations in the quarter and $925 million through the first 3 quarters of the year. Our strong overall financial position means we have significant flexibility to invest in priority commercial and R&D programs as well as corporate development opportunities.
Turning to Slide 26. We have raised the midpoint of our full year 2023 revenue guidance to a range of [ $3.75 ] billion to $3.875 billion. As a reminder, we raised revenue guidance last quarter and have continued our strong commercial execution on key growth drives Xywav, Epidiolex and Rylaze. Our guidance represents year-over-year total revenue growth even as we faced the headwind of oxybate competition. Our 2023 neuroscience guidance remains unchanged and reflects expectations of continued growth of Xywav and Epidiolex, offset by the expected decline in Xyrem with a revenue range of $2.715 billion to [ $2.85 ] billion. With regard to high sodium authorized generics, royalties from high sodium oxybate AGs as were $29 million in the third quarter of '23, which reflect a significant increase over the first half as we move to a 6-month fixed rate royalty for the AG agreement with [ Hickman ]. The royalty rate will increase again after this 6-month period, at which point, it will remain fixed for the duration of this agreement. AG Royalties are included in our neuroscience guidance. We have raised the midpoint of our 2023 Oncology revenue guidance to a range of $975 million to $1.05 billion, which reflects 16% growth at the midpoint.
I would like to draw your attention to several items on Slide 27. Our strong cash generation, combined with our disciplined capital allocation provides us with flexibility to make strategic investments in our business. This includes an increase to our R&D guidance and an increase to the midpoint of our SG&A guidance while remaining on track to deliver ANI growth in 2023 compared to 2022. Our updated guidance midpoint, equate to an adjusted operating margin of approximately 44%. While margins will vary over time, we believe we are well positioned to achieve our Vision 2025 goal of driving a 5% improvement from 2021 to 2025. One note regarding ANI as we look to the future. In the third quarter, we benefited from a lower effective tax rate partly driven by tax benefits derived from our increased R&D expenditure, expiration of statutes of limitation and changes in product mix. We expect that our ETR will increase next year as global tax rates are harmonized. Consistent with our capital allocation strategy, our enhanced investment in R&D is a direct result of our success in diversifying and advancing our pipeline. We have increased our R&D guidance for 2023 to a range of $780 million to $820 million, reflecting our confidence in our pipeline programs. In particular, we are making substantial investments in zanidatamab to more aggressively pursue development opportunities that we believe will benefit patients and create long-term value for Jazz.
Looking at SG&A, we are updating our guidance to the range of $1.065 billion to $1.105 billion as we invest in a disciplined manner to drive further growth in key brands. We believe there is tremendous unrecognized value potential in our stock. We, therefore, continued share repurchases under our existing repurchase program. In the third quarter, we completed approximately $75 million of share repurchases. At the end of the third quarter, approximately $261 million remained available for share repurchases under our current plan. Importantly, given our strong overall financial ambition, we are able to include share repurchases in our capital allocation strategy without compromising our ability to execute business development opportunities and invest in our innovative R&D program. Additionally, we are reiterating our adjusted EPS guidance of $18.15 to $19. I'll conclude our prepared remarks on Slide 29. Our [ group ] performance this quarter was driven by focused execution and strong commercial results, evidenced by the durability of our oxybate franchise, continued growth of Epidiolex and strength of our oncology business. We continue to advance our pipeline, invest in long-term growth, and we expect up to 5 late-stage data [indiscernible] 2024 that have the potential to further diversify and transform our business. We remain focused on strategic capital allocation. With our strategic investments, expanding product portfolio progress and focus on operational excellence, we believe we are well positioned to achieve Vision 2025 and deliver further diversification, sustainable growth and enhanced value to patients and shareholders. That concludes our prepared remarks. I'd now like to turn the call over to the operator to open the line for Q&A.
[Operator Instructions]
Your first question comes from the line of Jessica Fye from JPMorgan.
This might be a little tricky to respond to, but in there were some headlines stating that Jazz might be exploring various strategic options, including breaking up the company or a sale of a business unit. I generally think of guys is more likely to buy a business than sell a business. But is there anything you want to clarify for folks with respect to how you're thinking about business development and [indiscernible].
Jess, welcome back. Good to hear your voice. So I'll point out that Jazz made no such announcement. There were a story in 1 place, unnamed sources. I'll also remind you, as an Irish takeover panel company that we can be forced to clarify publicly if there's something actually going on in pretty short order and that did not happen. We were very focused on corporate development and a way to grow our business. So that's been part of our strategy historically. It specifically called out as part of Vision 2025. And we think the strong financial position of the company ending the quarter with $1.6 billion in cash, a strong cash flow of $925 million over the first 3 quarters, the substantial continued deleveraging of the company, put us in a really good position to continue to put cash to work to grow our business.
Your next question comes from the line of Jason Gerberry from Bank of America.
I guess mine will be around the evolving competitive landscape in the oxybate space with Lumeris and they had an update this morning about 1,000 patient enrollment forms. Just curious, your guidance suggests that nothing's really changed relative to your assumptions regarding competition from the start of the year until now. But just curious if you would -- if you're seeing anything in the marketplace worth noting? Or if you think that ultimately, maybe the competitor is just getting more of its business from either naive or patients who have discontinued Xywav historically? That would be helpful.
Yes, Jason, thanks for the question. And before I turn it over to Kim for a little more color, I'll just say in your comments, you're exactly right that we foresaw competition in the oxybate space this year, both from authorized generics of Xyrem and the branded fixed dose high-sodium product and built that into our guidance. We've actually raised our neuroscience guidance last quarter and continue to perform in line with our guidance. But Kim, maybe you could give a little more color on the oxybate landscape.
Yes, sure. So yes, Xywav is still growing in narcolepsy. We're pleased to see despite the additional competition from the high-sodium oxybate were introduced this year. Our growth in narcolepsy has slowed in line with our expectations in our own forecast as there remain fewer available patients to transition from Xyrem and our early success with Xywav and some patients have decided to go ahead and give [ FT218 ] try generally, in terms of what we're hearing from health care providers right now is that they're still telling us that they place a high value on both the low sodium value proposition of Xywav as well as on the fact they've gotten used to being able to individualize or customize the dosing regimen for individual patients depending on their needs.
Many HCPs have expressed an interest in gaining eventually some experience with the new fixed dose, high-sodium [indiscernible] product. and where they're typically doing that, they're telling us is among those patients that have come in and really insisted on giving it a try. So overall, we remain very confident in the strength and durability of our oxybate franchise. We do see Xyway continuing to be the activated choice now and in the future, and it is still the only 1 approved for treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia.
And lastly, when we continue to look at our data in terms of those portion of patients who are naive to oxybate treatment, they're being started numbers oxybate treatment. The vast majority of these patients continue to be being initiated on Xywav. So we think that's very strong evidence that overall overwhelmingly physicians still feel it's most important to focus on the patient's long-term health.
Our next question comes from the line of Ami Fadia from Needham & Company.
Mine is on JZP-150. Can you talk about sort of mechanistically why you think that 150 mechanism is perhaps differentiated than a reversible inhibition. And with regards to your ongoing trial with regards to the [indiscernible] endpoint, what would you say -- what would you consider as a clinically meaningful change that you would like to see? And with regards to your trial, can you talk about powering, should we expect to see a statistically meaningful result? And if you could go back and explain why the lower dose -- why you have 2 doses in the trial and not just the higher dose?
Rob?
Yes. Thanks, Bruce. Thank you for the question, Ami. So starting with the first part of that around why the mechanism is differentiated. I would first say that we think we're interested in JZP-150 because of FA as an underlying part of the pathophysiology potentially. So we know that PTSD patients have low levels of anandamide by inhibiting [indiscernible], you can raise those levels. So we think this is 1 of the mechanisms that potentially directly addresses the underlying pathophysiology. We think we're differentiated in being irreversible, as you mentioned, because you can create a more sustained file inhibition. In other words, you ultimately have to resynthesize [indiscernible] in order to get back to baseline levels. It just allows for consistent in basic we think is which we think is more important. In terms of clinically meaningful effect sizes, we haven't said what we're necessarily striving for in this, but you could certainly look across different mechanisms and see what has been achieved in terms of the [indiscernible].
In our trail, we think we're certainly well powered for for a clinic leading ful effect given the 270 patients that we've enrolled across those 3 arms. And to your point about a low dose and a high dose in this trial, we included 2 dose levels, because we wanted to evaluate what we felt was based on prior receptor occupancy data, full constant inhibition [indiscernible] versus a lower dose that would be just under that full. And that sort of bracket the range of exposures that you might want to see allows us to collect safety data in that range and then would put us in a better position to select doses for a pivotal trial, if and when we move forward with that.
Your next question comes from the line of Marc Goodman from Leerink Partners.
Yes. I was hoping you could give us a little flavor on what's going on with Zepzelca. It seems to finally have grown after many quarters. It's just seeming flat. So if you can just give us a little color there. And then could you just give us the total oxybate patient number for us, please?
Yes, I'll take the second part of the question first. And then, Kim, maybe you could jump in on Zepzelca growth, which agree looked really nice this quarter. On total oxide patients, we've stopped giving that number. As you noticed in the royalty revenue off the AG of $29 million during the quarter, that has jumped up significantly, and that revenue, of course, is derived from patients that would not be included across Xywav and Xyrem. So essentially, total patients doesn't track to our revenues anymore because that Xyrem plus Xyrem royalty is a little bit distinct. We've continued to give patient numbers in narcolepsy and idiopathic insomnia as we exit a quarter, to give you a sense of growth of the Xywav [indiscernible], but I'll just point out total revenues in total patients don't track the way they have historically for Jazz until this quarter. In the first half of the year at the much lower royalty rate on the AG and earlier at the AG launch, the difference wasn't significant.
It is significant now and will only continue to be. On Zepzelca, I'll just point out, we're really happy with this deal when I talk about why we do corporate development and add assets to the company. I think Zepzelca having generated over $800 million in revenue since launch has shown that to be a deal that was highly accretive and continues to reward our investors. So Kim, do you want to talk about dynamics there?
Yes. Really happy with the 11% year-over-year growth we saw in the third quarter. And we'll say that the increased demand this quarter is partially attributed to the temporary platinum chemotherapy shortage that unfortunately the U.S. is going through, which did lead Zepzelca to be used in some patients or oncologists may have historically rechallenged with another round of platinum therapy after their first-line platinum treatment, and we've really been emphasizing for some time that this is where the [indiscernible] are most impressive, but it's been difficult getting some of the customers to make this switch we did roll out this past few months, some new data that we haven't shared with customers before in this platinum-sensitive patient population to help them feel more capable using it.
We shared the secondary endpoint results we had around overall survival and progression-free survival. So I think the combination of that data with the shortage of chemotherapy, did lead many customers to give it a try there. And largely, we think that they're seeing positive results that even when the platinum supply shortage continues to improve, which we hope it does, we do anticipate that some of these health care providers, some of them may revert back to their previous practice of reals with platinum, others may now reach for more often. In addition, we saw many HCPs getting experience with this product in the community and outpatient setting. And we're really impressed with the ease of administration as well as the clinical profile. Remember that Zepzelca doesn't require any inpatient monitoring. So again, that business that we think may continue to be a bit sticky after the shortage -- so overall, we're well established as the treatment of choice in second-line small cell lung cancer, and we think -- we've gotten some nice momentum here from this market event, but we really do see most of the opportunity for future growth in this brand coming from the first-line setting, and we've got a Phase III trial going on there now.
Your next question from the line of Balaji Prasad from Barclays Capital.
Looking at [indiscernible] on Epidiolex, could we like the well-defined patient populations in narcolepsy or [indiscernible] or oncology, this is 1 where the market sizing still seems incomplete. So can you discuss the opportunity in the adult setting, as you spoke about this afternoon, the additional ex-U.S. launches? And what would this translate to in terms of an expansion of market size. Maybe an extended a related question, as you continues to call out that it's well on its way to $1 billion. What can we expect beyond this in terms of longer-term growth treasury? Is it going to be mid-single digits or high single digits? How can we think about it?
Thanks for the question, Balaji. I'll jump in on that one. So I'll just note as -- we don't provide product-specific guidance, but I will comment on the broader opportunity and that I'll turn it to Kim to talk about some of the very specific dynamics that we're seeing in the U.S.
So when you think about the growth that we saw in the current quarter, we had 9% year-over-year. But importantly, we had 14%, if you look at the first 9 months of this year, compared to the prior period. So we are confident we're on track for blockbuster status and in line with our Vision 2025 expectations. And I think when you think about Epidiolex, there are 3 areas to keep in mind in terms of important growth drivers. One, this is a global product. As you know, that means global opportunities for expansion and growth. We're now approved and reimbursed in 24 different countries. We have the pivotal study underway in Japan, which we expect to read out at the end of next year. And then we have strong underlying demand growth also in the U.S., which Kim will comment on a moment. We also view Epidiolex continue to view this as very much a long-lived durable asset. We have a robust portfolio of Orange book-listed patents, the majority of which go out to 2035, but also 2039. We do see this as something that is very much a long-term revenue drive for the company. And then third, perhaps most importantly, it's a highly differentiated treatment. Epidiolex is very well characterized and tolerated, which, of course, lends itself well to polypharmacy, which is the norm in this area, we've generated significant data around its use, which HCPs are finding helpful.
And this really underpins our investment in data such as the EpiCom study that I mentioned before. And all 3 of these main factors give us collective confidence in that long-term potential Specific from the U.S. dynamics, we had a number of launches in different countries and across different indications across [ '23], and we expect that to continue in 2024. So maybe I'll turn it to Kim to comment on adults long-term care segment and other demand -- sorry, drivers of demand.
Sure. Thanks, Renee. So yes, I think we've talked about for the last year or so, we've really been putting I'd say, an increased focus on the adult segment there and particularly as it pertains into U.S. to the long-term care setting where many of the adults with these conditions reside. And we're seeing really nice growth there in that population disproportionate to what we're seeing in the brand overall. So that is a nice growth driver. But across both the pediatric and adult market, there are, I'd say, 3 other things that are really driving the growth, and I think speak well for the future.
Renee mentioned the data. We've talked quite a bit with you about the data we are sharing the data regarding combination with clobazam and the beyond seizure benefits of Epidiolex particularly as it relates to behavioral improvements and cognition improvements specifically because we're trying to expand the definition of efficacy and really differentiate the brand from existing products today. And I'd say both of these pieces of data really are eye opening and do a great job of that. in the marketplace, particularly that beyond seizure data in the LGS and Dravet space. The third 1 is that we have done a really nice job, I think, over the last couple of years of expanding, I would say, or improving the quality of access to Epidiolex pretty much since launch, we had a very high percentage of commercial lives that have coverage as well as Medicaid lives that have coverage for Epidiolex.
But what we've really seen in the last couple of years and in particular, is that the quality of that coverage is improving in terms of the utilization management criteria becoming less burdensome. The utilization management criteria being broader in terms of providing easier access to Epidiolex for a broad range of patients with refractory conditions.
And ultimately, we are hearing from our customers' feedback that they are finding it easier to get their patients Epidile, which, of course, only reinforces their confidence in prescribing it. And then lastly, persistency has been really a hallmark of this brand since it was launched similar to activate once patients get through the early titration period, they tend to stay on Epidiolex for a long time. But despite this, we still have seen room for opportunity to invest in improving that persistency, both at the beginning of the treatment and when patients have been on it for some time, and we're seeing nice improvements there, particularly if we can get AC peice to support patients and get them up through that titration period. Overall, we see them stay on the drug for a pretty long time. So lots of things there to point to as current and, I think, future growth drivers in the U.S.
Your next question comes from the line of Akash Tewari from Jefferies.
This is [indiscernible]. So we have 1 big question [indiscernible]. So you are guiding to data for JZP-441 in health and volunteers by year-end? I guess, what level of MWT do you need to see to move this program forward? Also, what makes you feel comfortable about the leverage profile?
Sure. Should I take that [ one ]?
Yes, please.
Yes. So we have certainly some benchmarks with other orexin agonists that are in the clinic. So in terms of what we'd be looking for, in the healthy volunteer MWT study is comparable efficacy. And I think that model translates pretty well into patients. And so we have the benefit of benchmarking across a range of doses that we're evaluating versus other compounds, not only in the orexin class, but also other wake-promoting agents.
So I think we'll have a good sense of when we hit a level of efficacy are confident or with -- and then -- sorry, the second part of the question was?
Liver tox profile, how -- yes.
Yes. So we don't think the liver toxicity is a class effect, and we think based on what has been said from the Takeda compound that is likely to be related to that specific structural class -- and so we -- even at the time that we in-licensed from Sumitomo, we were operating in a different chemical series. And so we don't think any of that risk is carried over. in our preclinical toxicity studies, there was no concern based on liver toxicity either.
Your next question comes from the line of David Amsellem from Piper Sandler.
So I also had a question on the orexin agonist JZP-441. So we've seen some early tolerability data at World Sleep for the other compounds, urinary urgency being 1 that comes to mind, also visual disturbance. I wanted to pick your brain on how you're thinking about those as being on target effects or is something else going on? And just your general level of I guess, vigilance is the right word on those kinds of AEs?
Yes. So I mean, listen, the early days across these compounds, we have a lot to learn. But I would say the therapeutic index is going to be very important, whether that be to what we perceive as on target effects like the [indiscernible] frequency that you mentioned or potential off-target like hepatotoxicity. The therapeutic index is going to be important. Part of that may relate to the half-life of the compound. I mean, if you have something that is too long a half-life, you may see residual effects into the evenings coming in at some, which is obviously counterproductive from the therapeutic intent. And so having a favorable half-life from being able to dose early creates therapeutic index for either on target or any potential off-target toxicity will be important. And that's part of what we're doing in our healthy volunteer studies, both of the healthy -- both of the single dose as well as the multiple dose is really exploring the therapeutic range and we're dosing the things that will allow us to select them an optimal regimen to be evaluated in patients.
Your next question comes from the line of Joon Lee from Truist Securities.
This is Jeremy on for Joon. How are you looking at the oxybate market evolving both in terms of Xywav and Xyrem? And has the EG impact been as expected?
Yes. I'll start on that 1 and just say, again, the way things have played out this year has been very much in line with our expectations. Xyrem has been declining for years now, largely because we've been successful with Xywav giving patients a healthier lifelong treatment option.
That decline has continued this year. Obviously, complemented by having new entrants in the marketplace. But that revenue stream for us is now very small relative to our total business at about 16% of our revenues this quarter if you add up Xyrem and our royalties on the AG. And we're focused on growing Xywav. We think the product has great durability as an asset. We are very excited about the opportunity to continue growing the idiopathic hyper insomnia market. We know there are more patients to reach. We know diagnosis can improve. And as physicians gain more experience using this product and seeing the benefit in their [indiscernible], the mirrors what we saw in clinical trials, we think that's very favorable for their intended increase use of the product. And we still think there's growth left in the narcolepsy market. We haven't seen much of a change in the overall growth dynamics since the Avadel launch, but it's usually true that having multiple companies out talking about a disease that is sometimes underdiagnosed can be helpful. So we're excited to continue to grow Xywav.
Your next question comes from the line of Gary Nachman from Raymond James.
First, can you talk about Rylaze landing in Europe and specifically your expectations on how much that product will contribute ex-U.S. over time? What's a reasonable target there? And then just on your point, Bruce, on Xywav in idiopathic carbon, how concentrated is the current prescribing base? And what are some of your initiatives to try and expand that further? And at what pace do you think you'll be able to do that to happen to more of those patients.
So 2 different questions. Maybe I'll hit Xywav first and say the prescriber base for IH is very overlapping with the narcolepsy prescriber base, about 90%. As you heard in our comments on the call, we are increasing our effort behind IH to have some folks focus on that, specifically get out to some physicians who may be a little less familiar with using oxybate to support them, but the prescriber base is very similar. Rene, do you want to talk about Rylaze a little bit?
Yes, I'm happy to. So we're really pleased to be able to make out available in Europe. And as we said, we expect to begin that rolling launch later this year. I will stress the market dynamics are very different in Europe versus the U.S. So in Europe, we have [indiscernible] on the market as a competitor. We have quite a different pricing scheme and then certain steps to take from a market access perspective to ensure that Rylaze is secured on protocols, which will take some time. So taking all of these things in consideration, I would say, being on the market in Europe will provide growth, but characterize that as relatively small and something that would be achieved over time relative to the overall opportunity in the U.S. And then on the topic of the U.S., maybe I'll turn to Kim to provide a few comments on what we're seeing there.
On IH or Rylaze, I can do both.
On Rylaze, yes.
On Rylaze, specific. Okay. Great. Thanks. Happy to do that. So yes, we were -- we continue to be just I'm very pleased with how this product has performed. We never really had the opportunity to understand what the peak of this market can be given always supply constrained. So we've obviously don't give product-specific guidance. We haven't talked about the peak, but we're just continuing to see strong demand which we think reflects significant patient need. I think Renee mentioned in the presentation that some of the growth drivers we've seen and the demand that's being driven was expected, and some of it was a bit unexpected -- in this unsupplied constrained market, we did expect this health care providers switching patients more rapidly due to hypersensitivity responses, but we are also seeing quite a bit of switching going on in terms of other types of [indiscernible] related issues from ECI-based asparaginase.
In addition, while we don't promote it that way, and we don't promote the product for first-line use, we are seeing a fair amount of first-line use based on the advantages of this product having board acting profile relative to current first-line asparaginase therapies and the concern that some providers have in particularly in some patient populations like the adult patient population around the potential for treatment-related issues. And then lastly, we've been seeing some really nice growth in the overall efforts we've made this year in the adolescent and young adult market, we're seeing this population starting to increase usage in these patients.
And as I mentioned, this is 1 of the places where we see them using the product a little bit differently than we had originally anticipated. So overall, the market has embraced it, especially in the pediatric market where it's been adopted universally in pediatric protocols but really seeing increased usage of [indiscernible] -based asparaginases in the adolescent and young adult market for Rylaze.
Your next question comes from the line of Gregory Renza from RBC Capital Markets.
Congrats on the update. Bruce, maybe just a more specific 1 on the competitive dynamics of oxybate that you've described this evening. Just curious if you would put into context the value or maybe the value loss of that [indiscernible] FT218 patient. I guess that is -- how important is that tried trying Lumeris and the corresponding prescriber? How important is that patient to the market strategy that Renee laid out. Would you see, if anything, an opportunity to capture or maybe recapture such patients as that options become established in the marketplace.
Yes. I love the way you ended your question, which is right where I was going to go with my answer, which is we absolutely expect a new product to get some use. But we think all high-sodium patients, be they on Xyrem, AG Xyrem or the Lumeris product or potential future Xywav products as we saw from the data we shared earlier this year at the neurology meeting, we can see even as little as 180 days, an increase in hypertension diagnosis or initiation of anti-hypertensive therapy when starting on a high-sodium oxybate products.
So as physicians and patients have already discovered this matters, and we believe that will continue to be important, making Xywav the [indiscernible] of choice.
Your next question comes from the line of Charles Duncan from Cantor Fitzgerald.
This is [indiscernible] Kim on for Charles. Congrats on the quarter. Regarding PTSD, what are your perspectives on the unmet need and the potential for psychedelic medicine such as maps MDMA and possibly compasses felons therapy? And where do you see JZP-150 fitting in the emerging treatment landscape?
Rob, do you want to jump in on that?
Sure. So when I think about a treatment like MDMA and what is associated with that in terms of the support that 1 needs ultimately, I think that that's going to be appropriate for a subset of the population. PTSD is overall very, very common. And so we think JZP-150 could potentially be much more broadly applicable.
Your next question comes from the line of Jeff Hung from Morgan Stanley.
For the [indiscernible] here. What's the bar for success in the essential tremor study? And can you talk about what gives you confidence that the Phase IIb will read out positively?
Yes, I think we have a good sense of -- Yes. I think we have a good sense of what's a meaningful change on the TETRAS endpoints and then more focused on the ADL and a subset of the performance scale as well. And so from our Phase II and from interactions with KOLs and FDA, we have a good sense of what's going to be a meaningful change there. And you've seen the other studies that have been published that could be relative benchmarks. Why do we think that JZP-385 is differentiated? Well, a couple of things. One is that it's a state-dependent inhibitor. So it selectively acts on active ion channels, which should ultimately create a better therapeutic index. We have a once-daily formulation. And based on our prior studies, we selected a threefold dose range for the Phase IIb, 10, 20 and 30 milligrams, which I think has really allowed us to kind of push that dosing and exposure up to really get maximal efficacy. So we think it's differentiated on that basis and hope to see pretty robust efficacy with -- across that dose range.
Your next question comes from the line of Mohit Bansal from Wells Fargo.
So I have a question regarding the oxybate franchise. So can you comment on if there is anything going on with the pricing of Xywav with the -- with Lumeris and outside generics on the market. I'm asking because this is not the first time since the launch of AG, we have seen a sequential decline in this franchise. So just wanted to understand, how do you see growth to get to the $2 billion number that you talked about in 2025.
So the quick answer on pricing is there has not been a significant change in terms of sort of our revenue per patient in the past few quarters. In terms of the revenue decline, that's driven by a loss of Xyrem revenues, which, as I've said, have been going down for a long time and are now representing a smaller and smaller portion of our overall revenues while Xywav continues to grow. So those 2 things at present, as was built into our guidance for the year, essentially are offsetting each other to some degree, but our focus is on growing that Xywav business in narcolepsy and importantly, in idiopathic episome even as we see royalty income off the AG continue to increase.
Your next question comes from the line of Troy Langford from TD Cowen.
Congrats on the progress in the quarter. Just with respect to the opportunity [indiscernible]. I guess what else do you guys think you need to check off that list before you can complete the regulatory submission for the product in H1 '24 or H1 next year. And related to that, do you all think that you would need to significantly amplify your current oncology sales force to effectively commercialize the product?
Yes, I'll jump in on that 1 and just make some comments about our level of excitement about [indiscernible] and then ask Rob to comment on the path forward from a regulatory perspective. So as we mentioned on the call, we are extremely excited about this opportunity. This is a highly derisked asset, a global asset for us.
And then also 1 with significant revenue potential. We talked a bit about the data that's been generated to date since doing this transaction, we continue to be impressed with what we in terms of just robust antitumor activity in HER2. And that's in both monotherapy and in combination with other agents, and that gives us a ton of confidence to put both significant investment behind the molecule, but then also to outline the opportunity as having peak revenue potential of over $2 billion. In terms of the near-term need from a commercialization perspective, we don't believe that this is going to require significant augmenting of our current field force. We believe that, that will be quite efficient. And of course, we are focused on going to market first with BTC, as Rob outlined, and then we'll build from there. So Rob, you want to comment on development?
Yes. I think the specific question was what else is needed to complete the BLA submission for BTC. And it's just the usual components. As you might expect, some of those components are going to be available sooner than others. And with breakthrough designation, we've been given the opportunity to do a rolling submission. That allows us to submit components as soon as they're ready to give the sort of a head start on reviewing those components. And then as we said, within the first half of the year, expect to be able to promote everything that's needed to complete that submission.
And we have no further questions in our queue at this time. I will now turn the call over to Bruce for closing remarks.
Thank you so much. I'd like to close today's call recognizing our Jazz colleagues for their efforts in delivering new therapeutic options to patients and also thank our partners and shareholders for their continued confidence and support. Thank you all for joining us today.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation, and you may.