Healthequity Inc
NASDAQ:HQY
| US |
|
Johnson & Johnson
NYSE:JNJ
|
Pharmaceuticals
|
| US |
|
Estee Lauder Companies Inc
NYSE:EL
|
Consumer products
|
| US |
|
Exxon Mobil Corp
NYSE:XOM
|
Energy
|
| US |
|
Church & Dwight Co Inc
NYSE:CHD
|
Consumer products
|
| US |
|
Pfizer Inc
NYSE:PFE
|
Pharmaceuticals
|
| US |
|
American Express Co
NYSE:AXP
|
Financial Services
|
| US |
|
Nike Inc
NYSE:NKE
|
Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods
|
| US |
|
Visa Inc
NYSE:V
|
Technology
|
| CN |
|
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
NYSE:BABA
|
Retail
|
| US |
|
3M Co
NYSE:MMM
|
Industrial Conglomerates
|
| US |
|
JPMorgan Chase & Co
NYSE:JPM
|
Banking
|
| US |
|
Coca-Cola Co
NYSE:KO
|
Beverages
|
| US |
|
Target Corp
NYSE:TGT
|
Retail
|
| US |
|
Walt Disney Co
NYSE:DIS
|
Media
|
| US |
|
Mueller Industries Inc
NYSE:MLI
|
Machinery
|
| US |
|
PayPal Holdings Inc
NASDAQ:PYPL
|
Technology
|
If you don’t study any companies, you have the same success buying stocks as you do in a poker game if you bet without looking at your cards.
Utilize notes to systematically review your investment decisions. By reflecting on past outcomes, you can discern effective strategies and identify those that underperformed. This continuous feedback loop enables you to adapt and refine your approach, optimizing for future success.
Each note serves as a learning point, offering insights into your decision-making processes. Over time, you'll accumulate a personalized database of knowledge, enhancing your ability to make informed decisions quickly and effectively.
With a comprehensive record of your investment history at your fingertips, you can compare current opportunities against past experiences. This not only bolsters your confidence but also ensures that each decision is grounded in a well-documented rationale.
Do you really want to delete this note?
This action cannot be undone.
| 52 Week Range |
62.44
100.27
|
| Price Target |
|
We'll email you a reminder when the closing price reaches USD.
Choose the stock you wish to monitor with a price alert.
|
|
Johnson & Johnson
NYSE:JNJ
|
US |
|
|
Estee Lauder Companies Inc
NYSE:EL
|
US |
|
|
Exxon Mobil Corp
NYSE:XOM
|
US |
|
|
Church & Dwight Co Inc
NYSE:CHD
|
US |
|
|
Pfizer Inc
NYSE:PFE
|
US |
|
|
American Express Co
NYSE:AXP
|
US |
|
|
Nike Inc
NYSE:NKE
|
US |
|
|
Visa Inc
NYSE:V
|
US |
|
|
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
NYSE:BABA
|
CN |
|
|
3M Co
NYSE:MMM
|
US |
|
|
JPMorgan Chase & Co
NYSE:JPM
|
US |
|
|
Coca-Cola Co
NYSE:KO
|
US |
|
|
Target Corp
NYSE:TGT
|
US |
|
|
Walt Disney Co
NYSE:DIS
|
US |
|
|
Mueller Industries Inc
NYSE:MLI
|
US |
|
|
PayPal Holdings Inc
NASDAQ:PYPL
|
US |
This alert will be permanently deleted.
Healthequity Inc
Earnings Call Analysis
Q2-2024 Analysis
Healthequity Inc
The company reported a $5 million midpoint increase in revenue, primarily driven by an upward adjustment for average yields on HSA cash to about 240 basis points for the fiscal year 2024. This revision takes into account an assortment of forward-looking market indicators, although the end of the national health emergency could temper service revenue. The team expects that HealthEquity's average interest rates on variable debt will be higher than the previous year but partially mitigated by a decrease in variable debt.
Looking at the growth potential, account growth is predicted to be in the high single digits, while asset growth is anticipated to be in the teens. The executive team believes this trajectory is sustainable over multiple years and aims to outperform market trends in assets and account acquisition.
An anticipated 50% GAAP tax rate for fiscal 2024 is notable, which diverges from the targeted statutory non-GAAP income tax rate of roughly 25%. The company includes a reconciliation of non-GAAP metrics in their full fiscal 2024 guidance, to account for such discrepancies. It's also mentioned that while they exclude amortization of acquired intangibles from non-GAAP net income calculations, revenue from those intangibles is not excluded.
The company is experiencing an increase in custodial revenue, which boasts high margins and strong cash generation. As a result, free cash flow is on an upward trajectory, poised to further lower leverage if not utilized for other strategic purposes. Management notes its comfort with the current leverage and suggests that the free cash flow might be directed towards portfolio transactions with reliable ROI, further debt reduction, or investment in organic innovation to foster growth within the firm's financial capabilities.
Boosted by the opportunity for organizational change post-pandemic, a significant increase in enterprise deals has emerged. The company is not only engaging more enterprise clients but also successfully capturing business from competitors. This robust enterprise pipeline contributes to the overall positive outlook for future growth.
You don't have any saved screeners yet
Hello, everyone, and welcome to the conference. Please note today's conference is being recorded. I'd now like to turn the call over to Richard Putnam. Please go ahead.
Thank you, Rocco. Hello, everyone. Welcome to HealthEquity's Second Quarter of Fiscal Year 2024 Earnings Call. My name is Richard Putnam, Investor Relations for HealthEquity. Joining me today on the call is Jon Kessler, President and CEO; Dr. Steve Neeleman, Vice Chair and Founder of the Company; the Company's CFO, Tyson Murdock; and is soon to be CFO, James Lucania.
Before I turn the call over to Jon, I have 2 important reminders. A press release announcing the financial results for our second quarter of fiscal 2024 was issued after the market closed this afternoon. These financial results include the contributions from our wholly owned subsidiaries and accounts that they administer. The press release also includes definitions of certain non-GAAP financial measures that we will reference today. A copy of today's press release, including reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures with comparable GAAP measures and a recording of this webcast can be found on our Investor Relations website, which is ir.healthequity.com. Second, our comments and responses to your questions today reflect management's view as of today, September 5, 2023, and will contain forward-looking statements as defined by the SEC, which include predictions, expectations, estimates or other information that might be considered forward-looking. There are many important factors relating to our business, which could affect the forward-looking statements made today. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results to differ materially from statements made here today. We caution against placing undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, and we also encourage you to review the discussion of these factors and other risks that may affect our future results or the market price of our stock as they are detailed in our latest annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent periodic reports filed with the SEC. We assume no obligation to revise or update these forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events.
One more note before turning this over to Jon, which you now on board, we have rescheduled our Draper Investor Day to February 22. We're hoping for another great year of snow for those who want to ski on the greatest snow on earth. And we hope all will join us either in person or virtually.
Over to you, Jon.
Okay. Hi, everyone, and thank you for joining us. I will discuss Q2 key metrics and management's view of Kirk conditions. And Tyson will touch on Q2 results before detailing our raised guidance for fiscal '24, and Steve is here for Q&A.
In Q2, the team delivered double-digit year-over-year growth in revenue, which was plus 18%; and adjusted EBITDA, which was plus 31%, HSA assets grew 13% and HSA members grew 9%. Total accounts grew 3% muted by the previously discussed change in COBRA methodology. HealthEquity ended Q2 with 8.2 million HSA members, $23.2 billion in HSA assets and 15 million total accounts. The team added 156,000 new HSA members in its fiscal second quarter, which is healthy, but down from the record setting Q2 last year.
As in Q1, comparison to last year's blistering job growth and high turnover as well as fewer -- he transfers from small banks were offset by robust new logo growth driven by an expanded network partner footprint and HR departments seeking out win-wins. The team also added $883 million in HSA assets in Q2. I wanted to say a whopping 883, but I wasn't allowed to. So I didn't say that. That's compared to a $272 million increase in the year ago period, which would not be as swapping, reflecting not only count growth but also balance growth. Despite inflation, average HSA balances at HealthEquity grew both sequentially and year-over-year, in part due to investment. 11% more of our HSA members became investors year-over-year, helping to drive up invested assets by 23%. Remarkably, invested assets now account for 40% of HSA assets. We continue to see more members choose enhanced rates for their HSA cash, leading to higher for longer custodial yields and we believe less cyclicality in the future.
Interest rates in Q2 also gave a boost to variable rate HSA cash and CDB client funds. While custodial fee growth drove Q2 performance, the team also delivered modest progress on service fees, the bulk of which come from ancillary CDP administration products. Service revenue rose 3% year-over-year, in line with total accounts. Service costs grew just 2% year-over-year and declined sequentially by more than $4 million. As we discussed last quarter, rapid improvement in service tech continues to drive more interactions to chat and automated responses. The runout of remaining tailwinds from the COVID-19 national emergency may obscure a bit the progress that we're making when we get to the second half, but we see the results we've delivered here in Q2 as well as in the first quarter as evidence of positive trajectory on service revenue and margin.
Finally, interchange revenue, which resumed its seasonal pattern as expected, with strength in Q1 followed by a more subdued performance in Q2. We think the HSA market HealthEquity now leads can grow by about 10% annually for years to come, thanks to steady account growth and faster asset growth as accounts mature, which in turn expands margin opportunity. Team Purple can extend its long record of outperformance by doing what it did well in this second quarter.
Before turning the call over, I would like to publicly thank Mr. Tyson Murdock for his unwavering service to HealthEquity's mission, vision and values over the past 5.5 years. And in particular, for focusing his team on a strong finish and a smooth transition over these past few months. Pason's a class act, and you would do well to keep an eye out for the opportunity in whatever he chooses to do next.
As Richard noted at the top of the call, Jim Lucania who will take over as CFO effective tomorrow, is with us today. Jim will be active on the conference circuit this fall, beginning tomorrow actually. And of course, will preside at HealthEquity's Investor Day in Utah in February, as Richard mentioned.
All right. Thank you, Jon, for those kind of comments. All right. I'll highlight our second quarter GAAP and non-GAAP financial results. A reconciliation of GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures is found in today's press release. Second quarter revenue increased 18% year-over-year. Service revenue was $105.7 million, up 3% year-over-year. The total revenue grew 51% to $98.9 million in the second quarter, and the annualized interest rate yield on HSA cash was 237 basis points. Interchange revenue grew 4% to $38.9 million. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 62% in the second quarter of this year versus 57% in the year ago period. This is the highest gross margin quarter since we acquired WageWorks 4 years ago. Net income for the second quarter was $10.6 million or $0.12 per share on a GAAP EPS basis. Our non-GAAP net income was $45.6 million for the second quarter, and non-GAAP net income per share was $0.53 per share compared to $0.33 per share last year. While higher interest rates increased custodial yields and generated interest income, they also increase the rate of interest we pay on the remaining $287 million Term Loan A to a stated rate of 6.9%. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $88.1 million, and adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue was 36%, a more than 360 basis point improvement over last year. For the first 6 months of fiscal '24, revenue was $488 million, up 18% compared to the first 6 months of last year. GAAP net income was $14.7 million or $0.17 per diluted share, and non-GAAP net income was $88.4 million or $1.02 per diluted share, up 74% compared to the same period last year. And adjusted EBITDA was $174.7 million, up 39% from the prior year, resulting in adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue of 36% for the first half of this fiscal year. Turning to the balance sheet. As of July 31, 2023, cash at quarter end was $290 million, boosted by a record $77 million of cash generated from operations in Q2 and $109 million year-to-date. The company had $874 million of debt outstanding net of issuance costs, and we continue to have an undrawn $1 billion line of credit available. For fiscal '24, we're raising guidance and now expect the following: revenue in the range between $980 million and $99 million, GAAP net income to be in a range of $19 million to $24 million. And we expect non-GAAP net income to be between $171 million and $179 million, resulting in non-GAAP diluted net income between $1.97 and $2.06 per share based upon an estimated 87 million shares outstanding for the year. We expect adjusted EBITDA to be between $338 million and $348 million. Our $5 million midpoint revenue increase is primarily based on revised expectations for the average yield on HSA cash to approximately 240 basis points for fiscal '24. As a reminder, we base interest rate assumptions embedded in guidance on an analysis of forward-looking market indicators such as the secured overnight financing rate and mid-duration treasury forward curves and Fed funds futures. These are, of course, subject to change. Our expectations are tempered somewhat by the anticipated impact of the end of the national emergency period that Jon referenced in his remarks on service revenue. Average crediting rates our HSA members receive on HSA cash remained flat sequentially and the crediting rates our HSA members received are determined in accordance with the formula described in our custodial agreements with them. We continue to expect these rates will rise as overall interest rates remain elevated and have included in our guidance, a 5 basis point increase by the end of fiscal '24. Our guidance also reflects the expectation of higher average interest rates on HealthEquity's variable rate debt versus last year, partially offset by the reduced amount of variable rate debt outstanding. And then we assume their projected statutory non-GAAP income tax rate of approximately 25% and a diluted share count of $87 million, which now includes common share equivalents as we anticipate positive GAAP net income this year. As we have discussed, moving to positive GAAP net income impacts our GAAP tax rate strangely this year. Discrete tax ends may also impact the calculated tax rate on a low level of pretax income. Based on our current full year guidance, we expect roughly a 50% GAAP tax rate for fiscal 2024. As we have done in recent reporting periods, our full fiscal 2024 guidance includes a reconciliation of non-GAAP to the non-GAAP metrics provided in the reconciliation of GAAP to the non-GAAP metrics provided in the earnings release and a definition of all such items is included at the end of the earnings release. In addition, while the amortization of acquired intangibles is being excluded from non-GAAP net income, the revenue generated from those acquired intangible assets is not excluded. My time serving our members, our teammates and investors over the last 5.5 years has been a real pleasure. We made a lot of progress, and I'm confident the team will continue the course as I've driven to my next opportunity. And with that, we know you have a number of questions. So let's go right to our operator for Q&A.
Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Today's first question comes from Greg Peters at Raymond James.
I guess before I begin with my question, Tyson, I'd also like to congratulate you on your service and health equity, certainly help compete to some challenging times. Jon, in your prepared remarks, you mentioned something about sustaining a 10% growth. And I was just curious about your perspective of the macro environment from a competitive standpoint. You're seeing numbers from Dubner and others just and some are having some success, maybe as much success in growing share as you are, while others are not. Just an updated view on how the market looks to you today.
Well, I think if you sort of think about where the market is, you have two factors that ultimately drive revenue growth, which is the first thing that as investors we care about. The first is account growth and the second is asset growth. And account growth in my view, will -- if I look at it on a multiyear basis, we'll kind of be in the high single digits and asset growth will be in the teens. And revenue growth is typically somewhere between the two. I think -- and I don't really see any reason for much change in that view based if I'm trying to ask the question over multiple years. And then look, our job is to outperform the market in terms of assets, accounts, et cetera, and then to do a better job, the best job we possibly can and hopefully a better job than others at generating both revenue and profitability from doing so.
All right. My detail -- my follow-up detailed questions on free cash flow. Nice improvement on a year-over-year basis, it looks like the gap between adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow is narrowing. Maybe you can just update us on how you're looking at free cash flow for the balance of this year? And are there any headwinds that we should be thinking about with free cash flow as we think out beyond this year?
Maybe Tyson, would you mind starting with regard to the sort of balance of this year question? Anything in particular that -- I think the quest gist of the question is, was there some jump forward or the like?
No. I mean I think this is to be expected as the custodial revenue increases with the very high margin and cash generation capability, we know that it's going to accelerate that cash. And as you see, the positive GAAP net income come in, it's overcome now all the amortization from the wage works and other deals that are in there. So the business is starting to pure on that generation of custodial cash and I'd expect that to continue going forward. Of course, the one -- there's other -- there's things in there like we're going to start to pay taxes. So you got wires going out for taxes, you can see that in there. And other than that, I think the other things that are in there, like property, plant and equipment purchases and just what we spend on tech and things like that. There isn't huge changes in there that would cause other things to occur. So it's going to continue to and move up.
And Greg, as far as use of cash, we're -- first of all, it's worth noting that if we do nothing, over the course of multiple years here, and it's not too many. The free cash flow is basically going to eliminate our leverage. And we're very comfortable with current leverage. I don't don't want anyone to take my statement as suggesting otherwise. But that's probably not what's going to happen, meaning we probably will want to look at using that cash and -- or we will want to look at using that cash as we have in recent quarters. And from my perspective, in terms of order of cash utilization, there's portfolio transactions that we like because they are reliable ROI. And then we've paid down a little bit of our term A. I would expect that where portfolio transactions aren't available or where it makes sense at some point, we'll continue to do that.
And then, it’s worth noting that within the current envelope, we’ve committed to investing in organic innovation. And you’re starting to see pieces of that come through. You will see more pieces of it come through. And it’s, I think, helpful when we get a question, as I’m sure we will later about T&D expense and the like that we’re able to do that within the envelope we have and ultimately, while bringing T&D expense as a percentage of revenue down over time.
Thanks, Greg. Have a safe light.
And our next question today comes from Stan Berenshteyn with Wells Fargo.
Thanks for going to answer my questions [ph]. On a personal -- not yet, not yet, although I'd like to. But I would like to say on a personal note, Tyson has been a pleasure working with you. Maybe a couple of questions. First one on your sales pipeline. Any changes in the RFP volumes you're seeing? Any changes in your win rates or perhaps what employers are looking for?
Yes. Probably the most notable thing we've seen Stan this year is -- I mean, let me back up and say, generally, the commentary I would give on account growth is that, on the one hand, and similar to what we said in the first quarter, on the one hand, you've got the sort of less tailwind from a macro perspective, new job creation and so forth. And then on the other hand, we are seeing higher new account onboarding and then more importantly, the sort of pipeline and start work for fiscal Q4 calendar January build. And the source of that bill is -- so that's all providing a bit of an offset. And I think when I look at the pipeline, what's interesting this year is for the first time since the pandemic, the enterprise pipeline has been very robust. And I'm not prone to like give answers without data. One answer that is given is okay. People now have the space to make changes that they weren't willing to make. That's certainly possible. But in any event, it is worth noting that I think the biggest thing I would note that's different is the volume of enterprise deals that we are seeing and that are turning out not to be just price checks or whatever we're able to win business away from competitors as well as greenfield business.
Got it. That’s helpful. And then one more on custodial assets. Can you get an update on the current mix of assets that are in enhanced yields? And where do you expect that mix will be 12 months from now?
So we've given guidance for the guidance is maybe the wrong word. We've said that I listen, I pay attention. Richard has given me a face. This is what I get for being here. You -- so we said that we'll hit about 30% by the end of the year, and I think we'll end up doing a little better than that. It is true that at this point, one of the limiting factors that we're working with is the timing of roll-off of our deposit contracts and the like that are also barriers as well as appropriate education of consumers. So I guess I would say that in general, the enhanced rates program is moving at or above the pace we have discussed. And we think that the end result of this is going to be both a higher for lack before neutral rate as well as ultimately less cyclicality because of the features that we've been able to to design into this product. And so I'm really excited about where we're headed with it. I'm excited to have Jim take a look at it and see where he can add and improve, and we'll have more to say about it as we go in the next couple of quarters.
Thank you. And our next question today comes from Glen Santangelo with Jefferies.
Just 2 quick ones for me. Jon, I was kind of curious if you can give us any update on the average duration of the portfolio and if that's changing at all with this enhanced rates product because I think as most of us are probably aware, I mean, and you are 3 years ago, today, the 10-year was sitting at 65, 70 basis points, right? So you're getting ready to do a replacement kind of coming up here in a few months. And I was kind of curious if you could help us in any way think about the waterfall. And then I just had a follow-up on margins.
Yes. I'm going to give you a lot of words that I'm not sure are going to answer the question you asked, okay?
So, let me just -- let me copy [ph].
In general, we have not made any change with regard to the fundamentally with regard to the approach we take to the duration of our cash portfolio. I think that's fundamentally what you're asking that is to say with -- and by cash, in particular, I mean our deposit portfolio, right? We deploy the actual contracts that are deployed or 4- or 5-year contracts. And when you kind of swizzle in the fact that there's variable rate cash and there's money above the minimums and whatnot, right? You're really talking about duration historically, and by duration here, I mean, liquidity-related duration that's around 3 years. Now so I think the premise is right. There are a couple of things that -- I mean -- and I think generally, the premise that your question, I think suggest that you have, Glenn, which is that over the next couple of years here, there's a lot of cash that will be running out of deposit contracts and particularly to the extent -- well, even if it were placed on new deposit contracts, but particularly the extent it's place enhanced rates, right, is going to produce a nice bump here and that will include all of the COVID re-cash [ph].
So you think about -- and that includes both the natural runoffs, but also the kind of roughly 5-year single placement associated with the timing of the wage conversions in calendar 2020, I believe. I may have that wrong, 20 or 21 one of the 2. But -- so there is a lot of opportunity here. We think it was absolutely the right time to be looking at whether the deposit instruments were really serving our needs and those of our members. And I think we've made the right choice in pursuing this mechanism. And look, the result is going to be under any reasonable economic scenario or any plausible economics not at the moment is going to be that it's not just that cyclically, we're going to see higher profits. It's that on an ongoing basis, we're going to see higher profits from the custodial line, and that seems good.
Right. I mean just to use your words, Jon, I mean, you said there's a bump comment, and I just want to make sure I'm correct in thinking there is a bump company even if you don't want to size it today because when we go back and we look at those consort of cash rates, I mean, it's pretty clear there's a big bump coming...
Yes. I mean, you -- as you well know, Glenn, when -- I think people got a little ahead of their skis at the beginning of calendar '23. And maybe -- and so I want to be thoughtful about not creating an even bigger on your skis to yard sell, but -- but I think -- but the premise is correct, and I think it will be sizeable.
All right. And maybe Tyson, just one quick one on the margins. I mean the EBITDA was up -- adjusted EBITDA was up 360 basis points year-over-year. And I know there was some membrane balance growth and the improvement in the custodial yields obviously and some technology benefits. But I was wondering if you could just real quickly sort of unpack that to help us think about what's really driving that better EBITDA when you think about those 3 contributors.
Yes. I mean it is the custodial revenue obviously falling down to the model, and we knew that would drive it. And like we've talked about, you go back to history and way back, and we did hit a 40% EBITDA margin in one of the quarters in the middle of the summer, like this one. And so we're moving back towards that as that moves up. But I do think that we've been very thoughtful about how we've managed the controllable costs. And when I say that, I mean not something like stock comp, which is -- which we benchmark just fine with all of our peers, but it does get added back into EBITDA. What I'm talking about is what our executives work on every single day. And we're very thoughtful about how we build budgets and who we hire and how much we improve compensation and those types of things. And so, I think that's just a matter of the seriousness with which the team takes that and that's why we're able to raise our EBITDA guidance by 5% along with the top line.
Normally, you see it as a percentage of that top line raise. So it's just being thoughtful about those efficiencies. I do think that it's also true that there's efficiencies to be gained and have been gained on the service cost line item. And that's again where a lot of the executives are working on that. And I think we've set ourselves up for longer-term success there as well, and it will start to show. And so I think those are some of the things that are sort of showing through on that. And I think we'll continue to get the benefit of the enhanced rate program, pushing down through there as well like we've been talking about. So that will continue for some time.
Awesome. And best luck, Tyson.
Thanks.
And our next question today comes from Sean Dodge with RBC Capital Markets.
Sure. Thanks. Maybe just going back to the enhanced product. And just to further clarify how those work. I know, Jon, you said you placed cash in those for 5 years, but you've also said before they're designed to produce more smoothness and yields over time. So does that mean -- should we think about these being more like a variable rate product? Or is that smoothness coming more from the fact that these are layered in over the course of the year and not all happening in lumps around the January time frame. And so as these roll kind of on their 5-year ladder, it's happening more intra-year instead of in January, and that's where the movement is coming from. Maybe just to help clarify that.
The answer is there are really 3 sources of this, and we thought quite a bit about this as we work through these products. The first is the second point you mentioned, that is to say the fact that money -- when you do cash -- I'm sorry, keep saying when you do deposits like you strike the deal and you send all the money, and that's it. Here, you do have the ability to layer money in kind of for lack of from dollar cost average in and out. And so that does really help. And at some point, we're not going to be talking about if we have our way, we're not going to be talking about tremendous uncertainty on this topic when we announced the December quarter and the like, and I'm sure you'll all look forward to that as we will. The second factor is that the variable cash that we need to maintain liquidity is built into the instrument. So in the bank instruments, right, yes, they have a minimum Max, but fundamentally, they still work like term deposits. And so we have a separate cash today about million or about 4% of our 3.5% of our total HSA cash that is in purely variable rate instruments, and we need to have it there because that protects us against any liquidity issues. And so the liquidity is built into the contract. And so that's very helpful in terms of eliminating situations where you have as occurred in March of 2020, very rapid changes in government policy and the like that produce big changes and particularly downward in variable rates. And then the third factor, which I guess will get into a little bit more, I'm sure this will be on the agenda when we get to Investor Day. But is some stuff that is internal, I'll just say, internal to the contracts that is just really designed to some extent, to provide a little bit of trade-off between rate and non-cyclicality. We really recognize that it's not in the interest of our investors nor is it valuable in terms of managing the business for people to start thinking about these dollars as anything other than what in the end they really are, which is fees, right? And when we've been -- when we're fully exposed to deposit products as we have been, though we've done everything in our power within that world to try and minimize that cyclicality, right? There's still -- particularly when you're close to rebound, there's quite a bit of it. And so that's the third factor. And again, we'll, I'm sure, go into details at some point. But take all these together, and it's not that there aren't going to be ups and downs, there are okay? But it should be the case, a, that we're at -- the more money that goes into these products, the higher the neutral rate will be. And second, the less variability there will be -- or the less variability there will be with short-term changes in interest rates.
Okay. And then you said -- so the goal is to transition 10%, give or take, of the deposits to these, it sounds like you're tracking at or slightly better than that. Is that still the way we should be thinking about that over the longer term? Or are there opportunities out there at some point to start to accelerate how quickly you transition cash [indiscernible]?
So what I’m asking me to tell you otherwise, that’s the way you should think about it.
Thank you. And our next question today comes from Scott Schoenhaus with Stephens.
Guys, can you hear me? So congrats on Titan. It is also a pleasure working with you. Good welcome to your next adventure. So I just -- most of my questions have been asked. I just wanted to drill on on the service fee side. How much of that was driven -- the growth driven by -- I think you talked last quarter about slightly raised fees versus the underlying improvement in like commuter CERA, if you could break out any differentiation that would be great.
So if you look at it, service fees, particularly if you take the if you look at it, service fees, I believe, grew slightly faster than accounts than total accounts. And it's a little tricky because most service fees come from CDBs and the like. But I would say that the bigger issue here was just -- was volume driven. And we are starting to see some of the rate increases that we put out there and talked about in the first quarter, start to come through in actual collected revenues and the like. But I think you're going to see a little more of that, particularly as we get into the beginning of fiscal '25 as a critical factor. Of course, we also hope that volumes are up as well. But I think for the moment, what you're seeing is a little more volume driven on the top line.
Great. That’s great color. And then just on the balance sheet, like $290 million of cash. Anything changing in the M&A environment versus 90 days ago?
We commented 90 days ago that we felt like kind of given the proximity to the deposit crisis on the bank side that yields weren't likely. And that's why we went ahead. And if you recall, back at the end of April, started to -- we did a partial paydown on our term A. We sort of just did the math and it made sense. But I should say Tyson did the math and then he showed it to me, and I said no, like 5 times and he kept showing it to me, and he was right. But I think that with a little bit of distance from that, it's -- we are seeing a little bit of that. You've seen some transactions announced primarily in areas where the HSA is a piece of the business but not the whole of the business, and those generally are transactions that we're going to do at this point. But so you've seen a few of those. I think also in truth, the fact that things like the move to enhance rates, the increased investment that we're making and presumably others who want to be competitive, will make too all those factors raise barriers to staying in the market. And so I do think that it's possible that over the next while, you will see 1 or 2 of the larger players. I don't think the very top of the bracket, but in that area, break free, and we're pleased to be in a position to be ready to do those transactions. And the nice thing about them, as you know, is that from a shareholder perspective, we've done a number of these. We know we don't need any kind of bank or multiple magic to make them work. It's -- we look at the IRR. And if the IRR works, we can do it. And from a cash flow and leverage perspective, these portfolio type transactions start cash flowing on day 1, and you're not having to muck around with synergies and all that we've dealt with in other transactions, but not in this type. So I guess I would say, that's just a long way to say, I think it's incrementally a little bit better. But I think particularly on the smaller transactions, like just plain old bank transfers that occur a little less -- still less of those. I think the small banks got a pretty good scare. And I think they're still pretty scared.
And our next question today comes from Allen Lutz with Bank of America.
I guess one for Tyson. As we look at the custodial revenue and I went back and looked at custodial revenue really since the IPO, and it goes up basically every quarter, only in fiscal '21 didn't really ever dip. But I guess I wanted to talk about the components of the about $4.5 million increase sequentially in custodial revenue in the quarter. Can you just talk about what are some of the drivers of that? And then should we see some of those sequential drivers impact revenue going from 2Q to 3Q this year?
Yes. I mean we have some deposits that occur in the middle of the year, which are smaller, Alan. So we make adjustments there. And as we feed money into enhanced rates as well, kind of operating we've got to make sure we operate between the mid and the MAX on the deposits on the FDIC side, but we could start to continue to feed dollars into the enhanced rate program. You see that start to accelerate as well. And so as Jon said, we're a little ahead of schedule on our goals there, too. So that's part of the steroid story. We've also continued to do a little bit better on how we monetize client-held funds against the rate environment that's currently available to us. And so we make a little bit of improvement there. And I give credit. We got a new -- we got a new treasurer in there. He's making improvements and looking for ways to squeeze more times and nickels out of this, and clearly, he's doing a good job. And so it's kind of all those things amalgamated together.
One thing, if you're doing a year-on-year comparison, this is what I'm doing, Richard's bidding, and I expect to be I expect that to be noted since I don't mostly do what Richard tells me to -- but good for a compliment. I'm just looking for acknowledge that occasional positive importance is that in last year, 2 things happened that I think are -- you're not going to see this year, and they happened in tandem. One is, obviously, rates took off, variable rates took off from 0. So the variable component was -- in percentage terms was a big boost that we didn't see coming at the beginning of the year. and where I should say, certainly wasn't there. And then second, and tied to that, we began this effort that the Tyson referenced about generating custodial income from the CDB side of the business. And that was a lot of work over the course of a couple of years since the WageWorks transaction because that's where most of that CD CDB funds come from. And yet there wasn't a real sorry to start it up because marginal rates were roughly 0. And so you won't have that same ramp this year. So if someone's doing a year-on-year comparison, I think the better way to do that is to look at -- you just -- you can look at where things are now, you can add whatever cash you think you can add to the current pile and take our rate guidance for what it is, and you'll have a pretty good view of what things are going to be for -- the rate guidance obviously implies about 10 basis points higher in the second half. And so the math is not that arcade.
Very well done, Jon. Thank you. Finally, now I can dive in one quick one -- one quick last one. So Jon, you talked about new logo growth and expanded network partner footprint as kind of supporting the growth for HealthEquity? And then you talked about a 10% market growth rate. I guess as you think about some of the wins you're seeing this year, new logo growth, if I'm a prospective customer, what is the impetus to change or to switch vendors this year? Is there something different that's driving more customers to switch? Or is it just kind of more of the same?
I think -- and now we're getting into the realm of like speculation informed by data, which is the most dangerous kind. But I think there's 2 things that are happening. And I would invite Steve to comment on this as well. The first is that I do think it's probably fair to say that there are some HR departments that are coming out of the pandemic, and in particular, coming out in a period where they've already now seen 1 year of inflation and its impact on the wage side, but they didn't see it much of an impact on the benefit side until this year, and now they're seeing it. So there's a little more attention being paid to benefit design and do I have the right vendor mix to optimize what I'm trying to do on the benefit side. And I think we're a great partner in that environment. And then I think the second factor is that it's becoming somewhat clear who's in this thing to win it. And I think there's -- the number of firms that are really there to do that is somewhat smaller than it was. But maybe, Steve, you -- as I say, Steve spends Healthcare. He spends more time in airplanes than I do almost doing anything. So you're as qualified as I speak to what's going on out there.
Jon nailed that, Alan, if you just go back to the history, right, we did the wage deal right before Covid and Covet hit everyone. And look, we -- it took us a while to get everything lined up and integrated and getting the teams working together and regaining frankly trust from brokers and consultants and large employers and things like that, that we could execute with the much bigger company going from 900 HealthEquity teammates to 3,500 as after the acquisition to really be able to nail it. And I think we've regained a lot of that trust back candidly. And whether it's the trust of an HR professional that knows that to make a big -- it's a big deal, right, to move 5,000, 10,000 or even 50,000 or 0 or 1,000 of their folks over they have to close the accounts, that's reopen new ones, everything. They have to be pretty sure that they're going to the right solution. And so I mean, I think the great thing about HealthEquity is, is that our service has always been highly regarded. We were able to do a lot of these integrations and things like that. And now I think if you really talk to the market, you talk to the consultants, talk to large employers, small employers, midsized -- and of course, all of our health and partners, they really believe that we're hitting our stride from a service perspective, which makes it a lot easier to make those kind of changes when you don't need to worry about just systems not working and things like that. So I think we're very well positioned. And then more macro Jane spoke to the fact that when you're just trying to hire people and you're dealing with red resignation and a great transfer and all the other stuff, and now it's a little more of a rhythm to people's benefits. Now is a good time to kind of say, all right, tend to start looking at where we can really drive some deeper adoption of health savings accounts and things like that. And they know that we're the proven leader in that space of really helping their workforce embrace health savings accounts.
Thanks, Allen.
And our next question today comes from George Hill of Deutsche Bank.
Tyson, I'll echo the positive settlement has been great working with you. I guess, Jon, 2 quick ones for me, and I'll try to keep it brief. First, as you talked about the enterprise pipeline being robust. I don't know if there's any way you can quantify that or throw some numbers around it? And kind of what's the strategy to gain share as we go through the upcoming selling season? And then I'll pause and come back for the second one.
Yes. I got out of the game of giving sales pipeline numbers, and I'm not going to get back into it -- two in one day. But let me say, from a strategy perspective briefly, this isn't rocket science. We are the market leader across this bundle. And we're good people, and we have -- if you were -- we're not going to like throw up NPS numbers and the like. But if you look -- were to look at that data, you would see that where I think others have been a little more challenged over the last year or two, particularly this last year, the team just busted its but and delivered -- and I'm not using this word likely a remarkable open enrollment season. And if you think about the way enterprise works, a lot of those enterprise deals start during -- they kind of start -- the sales cycle starts at the end of the prior year, and people can do things like they can call your call center in January and see how long the wait is and see whether people are harried or not and all those kind of things. And so those things matter.
And then lastly, George, I'll say, from a strategy perspective we are -- and we are showing our clients where we are spending on cashing my ships here, Richard, on the Tecatand people are seeing what we're doing. It's not like they're not -- as you know, as do press releases for features or clients, so that's not what we do, right? But folks who are looking at our road map, we're looking what comes out every month or so, who are looking -- and you'll see some of this over the course of the next 6 months. But but there's really neat and interesting stuff going on. And what it basically just conveys is that, again, back to an earlier comment that we're at a place of that relative to some of our competitors and certainly relative to other segments, we are very fortunate to be in a place where we can invest at a time we're investing in the infrastructure, in the technology, in feature function, in product, actually matters versus a period where there's not that much new happening. And so I think the enterprise that really gets to pay attention to that, whereas the small groups kind of don't. They're seeing that. And I think you're going to see it too over the course of the next year or so.
Okay. That’s helpful. And I think I knew you weren’t going to give me an answer to the pipeline question, so I have a follow-up, which I also – I’m not sure that you’ll give me an answer to. But given that we talked about kind of the average – well, I know that the company historically is not – you guys don’t think of yourself as in the business of prognosticating rates. However, people in my business are in the business of prognosticating rates. And given where we are in the rate cycle, do you guys ever think about proactively trying to extend duration? Because I imagine a lot of people in my business if we’re looking out 3 years, we probably think the next rate move is down versus up. So just kind of like is there anything that you guys are seeing in the rate environment that kind of makes you want to change the way that you guys think about how you kind of put that custodial cash to work and duration and timing.
Yes. So I'm going to give you an answer that is only slightly different than I've given to this question before, but the slide is probably relevant. Let me first say the answer we generally give is that we -- from the perspective of the instruments and the duration of the instruments in which we have invested in the HA cash world, we've not -- exactly as you say, we've not been prognosticators and we've tried to generally hold aggregate duration for liquidity in that kind of 3-, 4-year range. I will say one of the benefits of the enhanced rates product, one of the features that allows us to have some trade-off around this is that we can meet our liquidity needs while the instruments in the portfolio are somewhat longer-term instruments. And so while that wasn't particularly designed with a moment like this one in mind, a practical effect of it is to the extent that we're placing funds, whether it's at the end of the last cycle or in this cycle and towards the end of this cycle, not by cycle, I mean, year and so forth, we're going to be locking in that context, higher yields on those placements for an extended period of time. And so I do -- again, I want to be thoughtful and cautious in saying that. First of all, when managing the company in expenses, we think about neutral rates because like spending into -- and honestly, we're not actually at neutral yet if you think about it. But I do think there is a practical effect of the way we're doing this is that it is going to produce more benefit from this cycle than we've seen from prior cycles or than we would see if we were just using our same deposit instruments that we have in the past.
That was relevant and helpful.
And our next question today comes from Mark Marcon with Baird.
Yes. First of all...
You don't want Macron -- [indiscernible].
Tyson, it’s been a pleasure working with you. In terms of serious questions, just on the yield moving up so much on the cash, was that partially just due to the enhanced yield product is becoming a bigger portion of the overall deal? Because obviously, Fed funds doesn’t fully explain it. So I just wanted to 100% clarify that?
Yes. In addition, I would say, during this period, to the extent we had any bank placements, and they would have been small. We've talked about before that the bank placement market is very favorable right now.
Great. And then if we take a look at investments, I mean, 23% growth in terms of the investments there. Obviously, there’s been an impact with regards to the overall market. But what are you seeing just in terms of the behavior of the holders? Are they starting to chase additional yield even through like intermediate bond products or anything along that line? Are you seeing any sort of movement from that perspective? And how should we think about that?
Yes. Thank you for asking that question, Mark. We -- our portfolio offering does include things like ultrashort bond funds, that kind of behave in the same manner as money market, but I think don't fuzz the distinction between insured by the federal government and not insured by the federal government. And so as sometimes you see with some of what our other folks in the marketplace might do. I don't think they intend to, but it's the practical effect. So -- and those funds have been quite popular. So I do think there's an element of this that is investor that is members saying, "You know what, I'd like to get more yield than I can get on cash. I know I'm not going to do anything with it. Let me put it in at least today, tomorrow, I'm willing to give up the clarity of I can swipe my card or whatever, and I'll put it in some of these products. I think there's some of that. I also think that the -- every day, there's an article in the paper that's -- you can decide what the motivation is, but it's like yes, those 5% CD yields are great, but it still doesn't beat the stock market over the long term. And so there's some of that, too. But I think it's probably fair to say that there's an element, and that's a win from our perspective in that -- well, sure, on that incremental dollar, we might earn more if it were sitting in cash. That's a customer that's going to be more sticky. We're giving them the product they want. We try to guide them to exactly the product that they're asking for. If they're getting capital A advice from us, that's part of the discussion. I mean it's -- I just think at the end of the day -- and it -- while our -- the rates we pay on cash are determined from a formula, nonetheless, it's probably the availability of those products in part that has allowed not just us, but the broader industry to kind of keep a lid on custodial expense. And so I guess I sort of think that's a win. That's how I think about it.
One question today comes from David Larsen at BTIG.
Congrats on a good quarter. And Tyson, it was great working with you. I thought you did a great job guiding the company through a very, very tough cycle. Can you maybe just talk about either Jon or Tyson, the revenue delta on interchange 1Q versus 2Q, it's obviously down about 13%. And just any more clarity around like the COBRA impact? And if you can describe what exactly that was, that would be very helpful.
Tyson, you want to hit Part A of that…
Yes. On the interchange, David, I mean, that's just the normal seasonality. So we've got people essentially spending as they've loaded up the HSA accounts in the first part of the year, they're going to spend more. And then as we move into the summer months, they're going to spend less as they're not home spending actually. And so we always get that seasonality through. So you'll see a Q1 high point, you'll see a Q2, Q3 softer point. And then as we move into Q4, you've got the use it or lose it and you've got kind of the remaining funds on those CDB accounts that get used up. And so you see a stronger Q4, and that's why you see that. And so that seasonality is look a little funny in history. So it is hard to decipher that because the cover effect over quarters in history now, it doesn't look as smooth as just that seasonality, I explained. So that's kind of one thing. And then Jon, you're going to hit the oversight of it and less David has on a roll.
Yes. And on the COBRA side of it, that's just -- again, we've got -- we've mentioned in the script a little bit of the legislative effect of that. And so with regards to FSD and Cobra, this that's been tough to forecast all the way through having the national emergency legislation out there. And with regards to COBRA, just the fact that people don't have the optionality to go into COBRA multiyear after exiting a job, that changes how we essentially drive revenue off of the different communications that we make to them and also just the number of people that sign up, given the, I think, even the broader strength in the economy that maybe wasn't expected. So those are kind of the things that kind of push those things around.
Okay, great. And then I think what I’m hearing also is that in terms of like the risk of a recession or the risk of a slowdown next year, you’re not seeing any of that in terms of demand. In fact, it’s kind of the exact opposite. There’s lots of demand, you’re signing up a bunch of clients. Is that right?
I mean I don't know that our clients in the human resources department are experts at predicting recessions. But I think people are -- I think it's probably fair to say that what's happening out there is that people are anticipating tighter conditions, whether that's a recession or not, I don't know. But the effect of anticipating tighter conditions is there is that they're attentive to plan design and win-wins and things like that, that we talked about earlier in the call. So -- but in terms of -- when I look at the account numbers that change as a result of that are a function just of new job adds and the like, I mean, our data are moving in tandem with the national data at this point. So I think there's nothing that would surprise you there.
Okay. And then I think you basically renegotiate your contracts every 3 years with your clients, which I think would imply that the yields that drive custodial revenue should continue to increase through next year, right?
I would refer back to the answer on that one to -- I think it was Glenn that asked a similar question. And just -- but just to say, our duration is 3, but our bigger contracts, the deposit contracts themselves, maybe 4 or 5 years. So there's -- you're going to see quite a few of these come through over the next couple of years. And also during, obviously, the last few years, there's been quite a bit of growth. So you need to -- if you look at this, you need to go back to your reference year versus dividing today by that number.
Okay. And – and when you say you’ll see quite a few of these in a favorable manner, I think, is what you were saying around…
Yes.
Okay. And then just lastly for me. Your service gross margin obviously showed some pretty good improvement. You got as high as like, I think, 38% in 2Q of ‘22. How high can your service gross margin trend to?
We've talked about this in the past. I don't -- I'm not able to make like long-run predictions. What I will say is we're targeting the total margin and particularly as we reduce the cyclicality of the other components, I think that makes a ton of sense. So I -- but I do think we have some room to grow from here. I mean we ought to be able, over time, to get this number back into the 30s. It may take us a little while, but the drivers of that are going to be, first of all, particularly growth in the CDB businesses that are profitable. And then secondly, the underlying HSA account growth and then third is going to be ServiceTech where we can bring cost down. And we've delivered a little bit of that in this quarter and a little bit of last quarter. And heck, we do a little out each quarter. And at the end of this, we'll have a software business, I don't know. I'm just kidding that won't be true, but it is an opportunity.
And our next question comes from Sandy Draper Guggenheim.
Thanks very much. Not a lot left to ask. So first, I'll just say we'll also echo Tyson. It's been a pleasure working with you. Hopefully, we'll get to cross path at some point in the future. I guess the first question, if I just do the simple math of looking at the cash per account, it's down a touch. I know that's just a 1-day comparison last quarter to this quarter. Just trying to think because you have much more visibility, and this sort of ties to what you're saying, Jon, about the investments. Is there any notable change in behavior you're seeing now versus maybe the past couple of years about the desire for people to pay themselves back versus put the money in and not reimburse themselves. That would be the first question.
Now I have to ask how many they're going to be because after -- I'm just glad Greg is already off the line to hear all these like 8 partners. No, I'm kidding, but here goes. Look, I think, first of all, it is worth noting that if you look at total assets for the quarter, this was actually a record growth period ex Q4s. I mean you're talking about close to $1 billion in asset growth over the course of a single quarter, and that's really good. Also, if I break it down, and I think that the short answer here is going to be that I don't think there's been very much difference other than the -- as we talked about in an earlier question, the increased interest in investment, no pun intended. Because if you look at Q2 contributions, they're up year-over-year exactly as you would expect. And it's just that the transfers from cash to investments were way up. And I think that just reflects -- it ultimately reflects a better market backdrop. I mean if I look at the same period a year ago, the S&P was off 13%. And during this period, it was plus about the same number a little bit more. And so the better market backdrop and all that kind of stuff. But the underlying contribution behavior, which is, I think, really the thing you would care about was kind of about the same. Spend was seasonally pretty much what we expected. So I don't think it's any fundamental change in spend behavior.
Okay, great. And then if Steve hasn't gotten board and dropped off, maybe a quick one for him. You commented on the environment around sales. But Steve, you are man on the ground in D.C. anything coming out that you're going to come out of D.C., whether it's regarding Medicare potential bigger step-ups and potential ability for people to invest or save in HSAs, anything new out of DC? Or is it really nothing going on there right now?
Thanks, Sandy. And I think on this very day, there's nothing going on in D.C. But they are coming back, we continue to have some fantastic discussions. And I think what kind of is different is that now these are more bipartisan. And we're just kind of focusing on what do Americans need and whether it's loosening up a little bit on some of the qualifying attributes around the higher plan you've been around long enough, and thank you for your support over the years to remember that there was a lot of lack of clarity around things like preventative care, right? And that was actually clarified under the Trump administration that allowed people to start paying for more medications for installers and things like that and still have a high up plan. That helps. And so that was not only to help that they introduced it, but then the bit administration has been very supportive of those and then change it also. So now when you look at -- especially the large employers and then plans are offered by health funds, and you look at their benefit design, they are covering things like high blood pressure meds and diabetic meds and stuff like that as allowed by regulation. So I think that has actually cloud a little bit of the ground that we're trying to do, which is to say, all right, we all agree that every American needs what we would refer to as soon one that can work with any plan, obviously, with the Hyve plan, we know that it's the HSA, but is there -- are there other mechanisms to try and do that. And so I just -- I'm encouraged by the bipartisan nature of the discussions and despite everything that everyone sees when they turn on, they're given news station and how they think it's so torn apart. I haven't seen that when I talked to Democrats and Republicans in Congress. And so we are hopeful that we'll continue to see some -- what we refer to as HSA or other type of account expansion, allowing just more Americans to have the benefits of one of these portable personally owned investable accounts and kind of plan the they have. So that's what we've been focused on. It's just saying how can we expand that. But yes, I mean, let's -- thanks for the question. I believe we're continuing to make progress, and we're hopeful that certainly before the next presidential election, there will be some bills and truths that can continue to expand the benefit. So we will make sure that as legislators made these decisions, and they started -- they start to disseminate that information out, then we will pass along, but it's just a constant educational game. So thanks, and make sure your musical talent over the years, too. I always appreciate your musical down.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes your question-and-answer session. I'd like to turn the conference back over to Jon Kessler for closing remarks.
So I appreciate everyone in the kind comments for Tyson for all he takes are teasing really well, always has and is going to be genuinely missed within the organization. But like I think this is not going to be the last time most of you on this call will see Mr. Murdoch or her Mr. Murdoch and certainly will not be the last time I hear or see him. And we'll see how this leukemia guy does. It's -- but one way to find out is to book your flights now for February 22 2024. This is big time. This is all like -- I mean, we're talking about Broadway quality type stuff. Actually, I have no...
But I do know this. Jon, can I…
Yes.
I want to interject one thing on that. So look, we think we'll have a good winter. And we would love to not only guide you through our business, but maybe do some mountain guiding. And maybe we can bring Tyson back to help us be one of the guys. I felt the thank Tyson as well. Tyson, thank you. You've been a wonderful teammate, and thank you for everything you've done for HealthEquity.
Thanks, everybody. I really appreciate it. All right. That's it. We'll see you all in December, and some of you before then, and then, of course, in February.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you, everybody. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you all for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines, and have a wonderful day.