Franklin Electric Co Inc
NASDAQ:FELE
If you don’t study any companies, you have the same success buying stocks as you do in a poker game if you bet without looking at your cards.
Utilize notes to systematically review your investment decisions. By reflecting on past outcomes, you can discern effective strategies and identify those that underperformed. This continuous feedback loop enables you to adapt and refine your approach, optimizing for future success.
Each note serves as a learning point, offering insights into your decision-making processes. Over time, you'll accumulate a personalized database of knowledge, enhancing your ability to make informed decisions quickly and effectively.
With a comprehensive record of your investment history at your fingertips, you can compare current opportunities against past experiences. This not only bolsters your confidence but also ensures that each decision is grounded in a well-documented rationale.
Do you really want to delete this note?
This action cannot be undone.
| 52 Week Range |
87.65
110.4
|
| Price Target |
|
We'll email you a reminder when the closing price reaches USD.
Choose the stock you wish to monitor with a price alert.
This alert will be permanently deleted.
Franklin Electric Co Inc
Earnings Call Analysis
Q4-2023 Analysis
Franklin Electric Co Inc
Franklin Electric concluded the year 2023 with resilience, experiencing a 3% decrease in reported sales for the fourth quarter, mainly affected by lower Fueling Systems volume and negative foreign exchange impacts. Despite these challenges, the company maintained healthy manufacturing margins through ongoing cost controls. The year witnessed a modest 1% sales growth, a testament to the effective offsetting of negative foreign exchange and weaker volumes by robust pricing strategies.
The company persevered to improve its operating income by 2%, with significant margin expansions in the water and fueling sectors. This growth is credited to exceptional performances in the water systems arena and vigilant company-wide cost management. Franklin Electric's dedication to operational excellence earned them spots on Newsweek's list of America's most responsible companies and USA TODAY's list of America's climate leaders, showcasing their corporate responsibility and environmental stewardship.
In the Water Systems segment, sales remained relatively stable, overcoming currency headwinds and setting records in dewatering product growth. Conversely, the Fueling Systems segment faced more significant sales and income decreases of 23% and 20%, respectively, due to inventory stocking slowdowns. Although Distribution sales dropped marginally by 1%, the operating income plummeted by 66%, reflecting commodity pricing pressures and seasonal impacts.
Remarkably, the firm accomplished a 142% free cash flow conversion rate, significantly higher than the five-year average, while reducing outstanding debt and increasing shareholder value through raised dividends and share repurchases. With net debt near zero and a return on invested capital of 17.2%, Franklin Electric sits in a strong financial position.
Looking into 2024, the company projects sales ranging from $2.1 to $2.7 billion, with earnings per share expected to fall between $4.22 and $4.40. The upcoming year's first quarter is likely to remain consistent with past performance, holding an average of 18% of full-year earnings. However, there is an anticipation of progress as the year advances, with hopes for diminishing destocking activities, normalizing weather conditions, and some recovery in housing starts and existing home sales.
Franklin rounds off the fiscal year with strategic acquisitions like Action Manufacturing and Waterworks pumps. These are expected to fortify the company's water treatment offering and extend its reach, marking progress towards its revenue goal of nearly $200 million in that area. The company remains poised for organic growth and strategic acquisitions, backed by a highly conservative capital structure and a net leverage ratio close to zero.
You don't have any saved screeners yet
Hello, and welcome to the Franklin Electric Reports Fourth Quarter 2023 and Full Year 2023 Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations, Sandy Statzer.
Thank you, Andrew, and welcome, everyone, to Franklin Electric's Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Earnings Call. With me today is Gregg Sengstack, our Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer; and Jeff Taylor, our Chief Financial Officer. On today's call, Gregg will review our fourth quarter and full year 2023 business results along with guidance for 2024. Jeff will provide additional detail on our financial performance. We will then take questions.
Before we begin, let me remind you that as we conduct this call, we will be making forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements. A discussion of these factors may be found in the company's annual report on Form 10-K and today's earnings release. All forward-looking statements made during this call are based on information currently available and except as required by law, the company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. In addition, on today's call, non-GAAP financial measures will be used to help investors understand Franklin Electric's ongoing business performance. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures being discussed today to the comparable GAAP financial measures is included in the accompanying investor presentation, which is available on our website.
With that, I will now turn the call over to Gregg.
Thank you, Sandy, and thank you all for joining us. We delivered a solid quarter and finished 2023. From Q3 to Q4 sequentially, experience more of the same market conditions with weather, weather and customer destocking continue in the U.S. and to a lesser degree in Europe. And we experienced continued commodity pricing pressure in our distribution business. Overall, reported sales were down $16 million or 3%, mainly driven by lower volume in Fueling Systems and a $13 million negative impact from foreign exchange, partially offset by favorable pricing. Even with soft demand, we delivered solid operating margins in water and fueling for the quarter. Our manufacturing margins remained healthy throughout 2023, driven by continued cost controls. For the full year of 2023, we delivered sales growth of 1% driven by pricing, partially offset by negative foreign exchange and lower volumes in Fueling Systems.
Operating income grew 2% due to the strong performance in water systems and cost management across the company. Operating margins expanded in water and fueling with 140 and 230 basis points improvement over 2022, respectively. Sales of our critical asset monitoring products within our fueling business also set a full year record. Our distribution business was negatively impacted by commodity pricing pressure and destocking activity. Our continued focus on the management of working capital translated into strong cash flow generation in both the fourth quarter and the full year. Our operating cash flow improved by approximately $214 million as compared to 2022, resulting in free cash flow conversion of 142%. Free cash flow conversion was well above our 5-year average of 106%. We used this cash to reduce our outstanding debt by over $115 million, completed several small acquisitions and return cash to shareholders through increased dividends and stock repurchases. Our net debt is near zero, and we delivered a nice step-up in our return on invested capital to 17.2%, an increase of 70 basis points.
I am incredibly proud of the Franklin team for their commitment to driving operational excellence. We are proud to be named in Newsweek's list of America's most responsible and trustworthy companies for 2 consecutive years. We were also recognized by USA TODAY as one of America's climate leaders for 2023.
Turning to our segments. For the quarter in Water Systems sales declined less than 1%, overcoming a 5% foreign currency headwind. Demand in the U.S. for our large dewatering products was strong, setting a quarterly record with 13% growth and full year record growth of 63%. U.S. demand for brown water pumping systems was impacted by continued unfavorable weather patterns in the Western U.S. and customer destocking. Our water treatment product lines were challenged by soft housing starts and existing home sales. Outside the U.S., Water Systems had solid demand in Latin America, while EMEA and Asia Pacific were relatively flat.
Operating income margin for the quarter was 15.8%, essentially flat with the prior year. For the full year, pricing actions and continued cost management more than offset inflationary challenges, driving an improvement in operating income margin of 16.3%, an increase of 140 basis points compared to last year. Fueling Systems sales and operating income decreased 23% and 20%, respectively, in the fourth quarter, lapping a difficult year-over-year comparison of a record fourth quarter revenue and operating income in 2022. While end market demand remains healthy, Fueling Systems was negatively impacted by a continuation of customer inventory stocking driving lower volumes. Higher interest rates, labor constraints and permitting delays caused some new station build plans to move to 2024. Favorable price and cost containment contributed to overall Fueling Systems fourth quarter operating margin of 29.5%, an increase of 110 basis points compared to the prior year. We continue to see strong growth for our critical asset monitoring products, which closed out a record use.
Overall, the Fueling Systems team did an excellent job of delivering to our customers while managing costs to maintain our operating margins. The U.S. distribution segment was impacted by normal seasonality, destocking and continued unfavorable weather that reduced demand. Sales decreased by approximately 1%, while operating income decreased by 66% due to continued commodity pricing pressure. The operating margin -- income margin of 0.7% decreased 120 basis points compared to the prior year quarter. These results are a reminder that our distribution segment is more seasonal, with lower volume in Q4 and has more earnings volatility in our manufacturing segments. As mentioned last quarter, we continue to make key investments to expand on-site inventory for large contractors. Year-over-year, we have 33% more on-site inventory or OSI containers deployed across the country, which is an integral part of our strategy to better serve our customers by making products available when and where they are needed. For the year, even with the demand and margin challenges, our Distribution segment delivered 5.1% operating income. You may recall that when we established this business in 2017, we stated that the anticipated operating income of this segment would range between 5% and 7%. Over the last 4 years, it has averaged around the midpoint of 6%. As the business continues to mature, we are able to gain efficiencies with our footprint and technology, we look to raise our expectations for operating income. We completed 2 small acquisitions in the fourth quarter. In early December, we acquired the assets of Action Manufacturing and Supply, Inc., now part of our water treatment product line within our Water Systems segment. Action Manufacturing is a producer and wholesale distributor residential water conditioning, filtration and or outdoor aeration systems with operations in Florida and North Carolina. Including this acquisition, our water treatment product sales are approaching $200 million a year. With the continued focus -- growth focus in our distribution segment, we also acquired a professional groundwater distributor Waterworks pumps located in Springfield, Missouri to expand our reach in Midwest markets. We welcome our new colleagues from Action and Waterworks, the Franklin family. While we continue to invest and acquire businesses to further our strategy and growth, we also continue to maintain a conservative capital structure. The net leverage ratio near zero, we are well positioned to execute on both organic growth and strategic acquisitions.
Turning to our 2024 outlook. We anticipate 2024 to start much like 2023 ended and improve as we move through the year. Our outlook anticipates lower levels of destocking activities, normalizing weather conditions in the U.S., a reduction in large dewatering pump volume from a record 2023 performance, improved housing starts and existing home sales and continued pricing pressure. We also anticipate continued supply chain improvements greater confidence in lead times, lower rates of inflation and productivity improvements. We look for demand of our groundwater pumps to continue to benefit from a large replacement business a favorable concentration of activity across the agricultural, industrial and mining markets and only modest exposure to new construction in the U.S. housing market. We foresee this demand to similarly benefit our distribution segment. We also expect our U.S. residential specialty pumps and water treatment product lines to face fewer headwinds from exposure to new home starts and existing home sales. Outside the U.S., we expect to see Latin America and South America business improved Europe to stabilize in Asia Pacific business to experience a meaningful recovery. In our Fueling business, major marketers in the U.S. have signaled they plan to maintain their investment plans in 2024, albeit a normalized levels after several robust years. Labor constraints are expected to ease and permit activity to return to normal. In our Distribution segment, we look to gain momentum through the year and build on our recent acquisition. Commodity pricing pressures, especially for pipe products should stabilize as we enter 2024.
With that, we are initiating 2021 guidance with full year sales expected to be between $2.1 billion and $2.7 billion, and diluted earnings per share or EPS to be between $4.22 and $4.40 per share.
I'm now going to hand the call over to Jeff to review our financials in more detail. Jeff?
Thanks, Gregg, and good day, everyone. Fourth quarter 2023 consolidated sales were $473.0 million, a year-over-year decrease of 3%. Excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, sales were basically flat to last year. Our fully diluted earnings per share were $0.82 for the fourth quarter 2023 versus $0.84 for the fourth quarter 2021.
While we don't report adjusted earnings, I do want to highlight the FX expense or foreign exchange expense below operating income related to foreign currency devaluation, primarily the Argentine peso. The $1.1 million higher expense year-over-year would impact earnings per share by $0.02 in the quarter.
Moving on Water Systems sales in the U.S. and Canada were down 6% compared to the fourth quarter 2022, primarily due to lower volumes. The sales decline in the U.S. and Canada was primarily due to lower groundwater sales. Wet weather across parts of the U.S. and some destocking in the U.S. Pro channel led to lower sales of groundwater pumping equipment. Water Systems sales in markets outside the U.S. and Canada were up 7%. Foreign currency translation decreased sales outside the U.S. and Canada 12%. Excluding the impact of foreign exchange, sales were led with double-digit increases in both Latin America and EMEA and a single-digit increase in the Asia Pacific market. Water Systems operating income was $44.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, down $0.5 million or 1% versus the fourth quarter of 2022.
Operating income margin was 15.8%, down 10 basis points compared to last year. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to lower sales and higher operating expenses. Distribution's fourth quarter sales were $148.0 million versus fourth quarter 2022 sales of $148.9 million, a 1% decrease. The distribution segment's operating income was $1 million for the fourth quarter, a year-over-year decrease of $1.9 million.
Operating income margin was 0.7% of sales in the fourth quarter 2023 versus 1.9% in the fourth -- in the prior year. The distribution segment income was negatively impacted by adverse weather, consistent with our prior comments. Income was also negatively impacted by margin compression from lower pricing on commodity-based products sold through the business. Fueling Systems sales were $65.7 million in 2023 versus fourth quarter 2022 sales of $85.5 million, a 23% decrease. As a reminder, the current year represents a tough comparison for the company as fourth quarter 2022 Fueling Systems represented an all-time fourth quarter rate. Fueling Systems sales in the U.S. and Canada decreased 18% compared to the fourth quarter of 2022, as described by Gregg in his comments. Outside the U.S. and Canada, Fueling Systems sales decreased 35% due primarily to lower sales in the Asia Pacific region. Fueling Systems operating income was $19.4 million in the fourth quarter 2023 compared to $24.3 million in the fourth quarter 2022. The fourth quarter 2023 operating income margin was 29.5% compared to 28.4% of net sales in the prior year. Operating income decreased primarily due to lower volume, while the margin percentage increased due to a favorable product mix, gross margin expansion and outstanding cost management. Franklin Electric's consolidated gross profit was $160.0 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, down from last year's fourth quarter gross profit of $166.2 million. The gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 33.8% in the fourth quarter 2023 versus 34.0% in the prior year.
Selling, general and administrative or SG&A expense was $108.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to $109.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The decrease in SG&A expense was largely due to lower inter-based compensation expenses in the quarter. SG&A cost as a percent of net sales increased to 23% in the fourth quarter of 2023 from 22.4% in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Consolidated operating income was $50.8 million in the fourth quarter 2023, down $5.4 million or 10% from $56.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Due to year-over-year declines in Fueling Systems and Distribution as previously discussed. The fourth quarter 2023 operating income margin was 10.7%, down from 11.5% in the fourth quarter of 2022. The effective tax rate was 18% for both fourth quarter of 2023 and 2022. We generated approximately $316 million of operating cash flow in 2023 compared to $102 million in operating cash flow in 2022, an improvement of $214 million. In 2022, we invested in higher levels of working capital, predominantly inventory to compensate for longer lead times and decrease supply availability. In 2023, supply chain conditions have improved working capital has returned to more normal levels, leading to higher levels of cash flow. We used the cash flow generated primarily to repay debt and return capital to shareholders via dividends and share repurchases. At the end of the year, our net debt was approximately $15 million compared to approximately $170 million at the end of 2022. The company purchased approximately 144,000 shares of its common stock in the open market for about $13 million during the fourth quarter of 2023. At the end of the fourth quarter of 2023, the remaining share repurchase authorization is approximately 900,000 shares. On January 22, the company announced a cash dividend increase of 11%, which marks the 32nd consecutive year that Franklin has increased our cash dividend paid to shareholders.
This concludes our prepared remarks. We'll now turn the call over to Andrew for questions.
[Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from the line of Matt Summerville with D.A. Davidson.
A couple of questions. Maybe can you talk across the 3 business segments about where you think your own inventories or comment on how you're feeling about your own inventory levels, and how much inventory still needs to kind of come out of the channel to be fully normalized? And then I have a follow-up.
Yes, Matt, I'll give some high-level comments in terms of inventory. And we -- as you know, we don't disclose inventory by segment. But overall inventory reduction, we finished this year at about $509 million. We finished last year at $545 million. So we had a nice reduction year-over-year. That translates into about 2.5 turns for the business -- for the company for the full year. Our goal is to drive that closer to 3 turns. And so in terms of continued inventory reduction, that's the direction we're driving and where we want to go. When we look across the 3 segments, I think all 3 segments made nice progress in terms of normalizing their inventory levels as supply conditions have improved. And so across all 3 businesses, and water has pulled their inventory levels down. Distribution has done a really nice job of pulling their inventories down on a year-over-year basis. They're a good indicator for us as to what would be happening in the channel. And we believe that what our team has done is reflective of others then we think that most of the channel inventory destocking has taken place to this point, and we look forward to seeing an uptick in demand and then that pull through in 2024. And then fueling has managed their inventory levels as good as anybody in the business certainly given how their business has slowed down in 2024. And so -- across the board, all 3 businesses made meaningful improvement in terms of how they manage it without disclosing the hard numbers.
Got it. And then I think, Gregg, towards the end of your prepared remarks, you went through a number of factors impacting the business in [Indiscernible] as we move through the year. You referenced price pressure. I was wondering if you could put a little finer point on that. And then maybe, Jeff, if in the normal year, I kind of went back and looked. And on average, you guys do about 45% of the EPS in the first half, 55% in the back half. That's not every year, but I'm just kind of pointing to a general rule of thumb, given all the factors Gregg kind of talked about, how should we be thinking about that first half, second half cadence this year?
Yes. So Matt, I would say that the pricing is behaving more like it was before the pandemic. And that is where you're getting promotional activity in the market. Now I'm talking principally groundwater principally in North America or the U.S. and Canada. And so it's more kind of normal conditions with inflation on input costs slowing. Again, as Jeff pointed out, there's still some excess inventory in the channel at manufacturers and maybe the less degree of distribution. So we're seeing more -- I'll use hand-to-hand combat as a terminology for that in this case. And then on the spread of earnings, yes, you're correct, and Jeff can get into more detail about that. With the distribution business, we were getting more, I think, a 50-50 break because distribution and manufacturing does well in Q2. Distribution as better in Q3. But that's -- but we're going to have a kind of a slower start to the year. So Jeff, do you want to give your thoughts?
Sure. And I think that's a great lead in, Gregg, is we expect the start of 2024 to really kind of mention where we ended. Obviously, Q1 seasonally is typically the lowest quarter for us in the company. And now I went back and looked at the past 3 years for Q1. Earnings as a percent of full year is averaging about 18% in Q1. The range is from about 16% to 19%. And so I would say, certainly this year, we would expect to see a similar profile and given that we expect to build as we go through the year, that first half, second half may be more heavily weighted towards the back half of the year.
Our next question comes from the line of Bryan Blair with Oppenheimer.
Action manufacturing strikes is strategically very important, expands into the Southeast for your water treatment platform. What is the revenue base there? You mentioned approaching $200 million in total for the platform? And then off of that base, how is your team thinking about 2024 growth?
When you say what's the revenue are you asking specifically for Action Manufacturing?
Yes. Just what does that contribute to the approaching $200.
It will be in the $15 million to $20 million range overall for action manufacturing. In terms of operating margins, we expect to get that business in line with the rest of the water treatment business in 2024.
Okay. And the water treatment revenue base all in? How is your team thinking about '24 growth prospects?
Yes. I think we see that -- we've always said that the water systems has kind of GDP plus 3% to 5% plus top line growth. We see water treatment can be a little stronger than kind of the segment average there as we continue to grow that business and leverage it. And so I think top line, that's typically what we expect for growth in Water Systems.
Understood. And specific to water treatment staying there, how does your deal funnel look coming into '24 and given the assets that you have in place? How is your team thinking about or prioritizing new technologies, further geographic expansion or penetration and perhaps more of a move into commercial applications.
We cover all 3 points well. There is certainly moving into Florida in a meaningful way. It's a key market. There are other key markets around -- in the Southwest, which we've acquired into. We have privately held companies that people are reaching out to us, which is always good to see. And I think the opportunity to move up the complexity and size of the system into like commercial industrial, it would be a next logical extension for us as well.
Understood. If I can sneak in 1 last one. I think you mentioned record revenue from critical asset monitoring. I understand that's off of a relatively small base. But if you could speak with the momentum there, what you're seeing going into '24, and how large that business maybe come medium term, that would be helpful.
Right now, the business is approaching about 10% of the Fueling segment. When you look at the critical assets monitoring that relates to the grid, okay, what we call the grid business, it grew north of 20%. It's been growing at that rate now for several years in middle, again, off a small base. We're getting specked by more and more utilities. We're getting bigger orders from utilities. These are for mining devices that go on to high-voltage circuit breaker [Indiscernible] and circuit breakers, full-op transformers, also major transformers that are used green power to communities. And then we're also in the telco into server farms, into railroad crossing, backup battery systems and so on. So we think that just as our name gets out there as we get more brand recognition, more specification. And as the world moves more to electrification over time, over time, it's going to take time is that we're in a good place for that business. And we think it's kind of like where we started with [ feeling ] many, many years ago is that we started with 1 product, and we added that product. We listened to our customers. We listened to their pain points, and we help sell pain points for customers, and we're beginning to see where customers across not only the U.S. but across the globe, are talking with us about their pain points, and we hope to solve more problems and challenges for them on a go-forward basis. We like the space.
Our next question comes from the line of Ryan Connors with Northcoast Research Partners.
I have a few questions. Most of them are actually follow-ups on things you've discussed here in the Q&A already. But the first was you were talking with Mr. Blair there about the water treatment business. But in the press release, you do mention some softness actually in the quarter. in that business. So can you talk specifically about what was behind that? Any particular markets or products? Is that more volume or price? Curious what was the weakness there in the quarter itself?
Ryan, a couple of factors. One is just like in other product lines in the U.S. is that we do sell into wholesale and again, seeing a lack of enthusiasm for taking additional inventory or people take inventories down. That's a software. The other thing is that water treatment business is more housing start related impact as well as existing home sales because people often will make a decision to install or upgrade a water treatment system when they move. And so with existing home starts being at the lowest level in 30 years, kind of when they moved rather than dramatic on interest rates as it's been well talked about, that certainly has put downward pressure on that business. We do think that we're kind of lapping that. You're seeing interest rates coming down a bit. We're seeing home starts beginning to come up a little bit. So that's why we're little more optimistic about '24, but I think it's going to again, the comparables will be easier in the back half of '24, like many companies in the [Indiscernible] in the front half.
Okay. Good. And then over to the fueling side and on this discussion of channel inventory destocking, we're trying to get comfortable with reconciling that with the comments you made regarding -- Gregg, regarding the underlying demand growth still being intact. So you can just discuss for us, why would we be seeing destocking persist this long there if the demand effect is still robust underneath it. Obviously, lead times have come down. But at some point, we expect that to run as course. Can you talk about the timing where in fueling specifically what your base case is for when that dynamic kind of levels out and that growth will start to shine through.
Ryan, I'd say that we were a little surprised at the lack of appetite in Q4. like many others, we've been talking about destocking and you're like, okay, now it's over, now it's over, [Indiscernible] kind of extend. So we've talked again with major marketers. A couple of them are public. And so again, with the public major marketers, they're putting out their bid schedules or build schedules. And they have a [Indiscernible] commitment to the street like we do. And so you get that visibility with some of the private firms, things kind of move to the right. And so with that and with the really, again, improved lead times, if you think about it, you're in distribution in the fueling space, you've got to have that product available when that station starts to build because they're relatively tight schedule and build schedule. So you're going to buy ahead. And now with the lead times improving, they really -- distributors had little appetite. We didn't see the normal kind of year-end activity that we would see many people to hit rebate levels. There is very low in setup or very little interest in hitting rebate levels at the end of the year. So I think that they kind of -- our customers kind of look at the year and said, "Look, we're going to -- let us go by, and we're going to restart in '24, the refresh." There's certainly a good station builds even through COVID with all the challenges. But I think that what we're looking at is station builds maybe being kind of more like, again, 2019, 2020 levels, which are down a little bit from the last couple of years. But the -- again, the major marketers because, again, 2/3 of the stations out there in the United States, for example, there are 150,000 stations, call it, 100,000 or people to operate 10 stores or less. And those number of operators are climbing. They're being bought up or replaced by the major marketers. Those are the companies that we're focused on with spec, and that's why we're encouraged to say that with major markets consolidating with us gaining spec with them, that's why we feel that we're going to have a reasonable '24. But like you said, I think we were even a little surprised at the kind of lack appetite in the fourth quarter. But the marketers are telling us that they're going to have a good schedule to build in 2024 investment that we've seen.
Got it. That's very thorough. I appreciate the detail. And I did have 1 last one, if I might. This issue of price and destocking in these commodity-oriented products, as you call them in the distribution business. Can you just unpack that for us a little bit. Some additional color on what proportion of the total line card for Headwaters are we talking about here? Just kind of scale it for us. And then you also mentioned that you expect that to abate as the year progresses. So any kind of additional sequencing color there would be helpful as well.
Sure, Ryan. So call it, commodity-type product in the groundwater channel called around half, 40% to maybe half of the products that are handled. And -- so what we were seeing in '23 in particular with pipe, which is a large portion of that, both plastic and steel, but certainly the plastic is that capacity came online and the manufacturers really want to shift in big ways. So it began a bit of a price war. And so if anything it held up you had on hand become worth less and where we got this squeezed. The fourth quarter is disappointing as the results were on an absolute basis on a relative basis, down about 120 basis points, I think, Jeff, from the fourth quarter last year. And compared to a 300 basis point decline overall during the year. So it seems to be slowing and margin sort of pressure seems to be -- or pressure on margins seems to be abating a bit. And so I think that, again, Q1 always tough in the groundwater business. We're expecting normal weather, but as you know, it's been well documented in January, got one of the wet months again in the West, flooding in California, East Coast, we've got the big snowstorm. These things will impact the start of the year. But I think as we go through the year, again, as inventories have normalized as supply has matched demand, we should see a more normal pricing environment. What I did mention to Matt earlier was that in the sale of pumps and pumping systems in the groundwater channel. We tend to see more kind of, as I said, one-offs, specials, promos, and you're responding to a competitive threat there, somebody's responding or competitive threat. So you see kind of more -- that's more normal or indicative of behavior before the pandemic.
Our next question One moment, please. our next question comes from the line of Walter Liptak with Seaport Research.
Just wanted to ask about pricing. And if it is a more normal year for pricing and inflation, what's the timing for any actions and maybe what kind of magnitude are you looking at?
Yes. We certainly see pricing becoming more like it has been several years ago in terms of the industry, certainly in the water business, but fueling to some extent as well. They had more annual price increases. And so I think we see that returning to more normal versus really the environment in late '21 and '22 where we were doing monthly or quarterly price increases just to stay on top of inflation that was happening out there. So the frequency of it will, we think, return more than normal. Obviously, we'll manage that off. And if inflation kicks up again, we'll manage our business and work through them. Typically, price, we're going to get in that 2% to 3% to 4% price, assuming that inflation is in check at a more normalized level. We certainly want to recover our costs and maintain our margins. And so -- but it depends on where we are in the world. And we have a global business. And so outside of the U.S., the environment is much different than what we see inside the U.S. we tend to talk about the inflation numbers inside the U.S. much more frequently. But there are parts of our business outside of North America, where inflation and currency devaluation are double digits and in some cases, high double digits. We're managing through those environments as well, and our teams do a really nice job of going out and recovering that lost sales or currency devaluation impact in terms of pricing. So hopefully, that answers your question.
Okay. Yes, that's great. And then maybe on the cash flow looks great. Balance sheet is in great shape. I wonder if you could just talk about the capital structure and anything that you're looking at that -- to utilize your balance sheet? Are you going to try and increase the number of M&A deals? Is there something else that you can do?
Yes. So First of all, capital structure, I really like our capital structure, Walt. We effectively have no leverage on the balance sheet. Net debt leverage is 0.1x. And so that gives us a lot of flexibility in the company. And so we're pretty pleased with that. We're very happy with the strong cash flow generation that we saw in the year and certainly really excited that, that free cash flow conversion at 142%, certainly was well north of what we say we target every year north of 100% free cash flow conversion. And I didn't mention it, but full year EBITDA was over $300 million of EBITDA. I think it was $306 million to be exact. So great, great performance from the balance sheet perspective and from a cash flow perspective for the company. Gregg can comment here as well. But obviously, we generated strong cash flow throughout our history. We expect to continue to do that. And that gives us a great -- we're well positioned to take advantage of opportunities as they present themselves. I think we would be excited to see more deals and be more active on the M&A front. And certainly, we've got our attention and focus on those opportunities. And -- but we're going to maintain our discipline in terms of how we evaluate those and make sure that they make sense for us and it's a good deal for our shareholders overall. To the extent that we have excess cash flow, then we've got a long history of paying a reasonable dividend. We've increased that dividend for [ 32 ] years. The board and the management team, I think, a lot of commitment to continue paying the dividend and hopefully increasing as we move forward. Obviously, the board makes that decision. And to the extent that we can repurchase shares and it's accretive, it makes sense for our shareholders as we continue to grow the business, and that's also an area where we can deploy some of that excess cash, but we certainly want to continue to invest in growing the business through acquisition as well as organic growth opportunities that we have.
Our next question comes from the line of Michael Halloran with Baird.
You have Pes on for Mike. So I wanted to take a look at fueling again. Can you perhaps size how much of a headwind the declines in destocking versus the pushouts were in the quarter? And then is there any green shoots you're seeing that there's light at the end of the tunnel on destocking within fueling specifically.
Yes, I think the short answer is probably no, but let me take an attempt on this. In terms of fueling, if we look at the business and the pullback that we've seen in volume there, we certainly believe that destocking is the largest factor that's driving that decrease in volume. And that's based on discussions that our team is having with our customers and who we sell to in terms of the distributors that sell through in this market as well as the major marketers that are out there. But we also know that there have been delays. There have been pushouts, higher interest rates. Gregg talked earlier about the major marketers and as they continue to grow in size, they get more sophisticated. And so they understand that higher financing cost impacts their ability to carry high levels of inventory, and they've all pulled back on that. And certainly, as supply availability and lead times have improved, that certainly played a big factor in it as well. So I think those are the big factors. We talk about demand in 2024 in fueling is normalizing. And let me maybe unpack that just for a quick second because if you replay the last several years, right, 2021 coming out of the pandemic, there was certainly some recovery there because if you recall, fueling was most impacted during the pandemic and capital got shut down with the major marketers. And so when that came back, there was some level of recovery that came through in 2021. And obviously, hindsight is always 2020, but in 2022, we know that the demand was solid and strong in the fueling business for new-to-industry installations, but also for replacement demand. for upgrades of existing patients. But there was this factor in 2022 that was this buildup of stacking inventory in the channel. And I think we see that more clearly today than maybe we did when it was happening. But there was this big buildup of inventory and then the big reset happened in 2023. And so as we move into 2024, we -- based on our discussions with our customers and the major marketers, we see that demand is normalizing but it's not going to normalize back to where it was in 2022, right? It's not going to have that buildup of inventory that drove sales strong record sales that we saw in 2022. But the business is still solid. The end market is healthy. The major marketers are continuing into the best. They're going to continue to grow. And we really think that we do a great job in terms of supplying them bringing them the great safety in the industry, the lowest total cost of ownership and deliver a great product to them that we support after the sale. So that's high level where we see 2024 for fueling.
No, that's super helpful color and very robust answer. I appreciate it. Maybe on the margin side of fueling, obviously, an impressive margin despite the volume levels. Maybe thinking about margins in 2024, is there any puts and takes that we should consider kind of as the demand normalizes? Is there any mix considerations we need to be mindful of? Or do we feel like we can maybe increment at relatively normal levels from here?
Yes. I mean we've historically said this business is 25% to 27% operating income margin. We've been way past that for several quarters now. And so certainly, as our grid solutions and our critical asset monitoring products, as they increase in the mix, that certainly helps our business from a margin perspective. I would say is some of the core fueling products going to come back and that mix starts to shift down. It's going to keep us in the margin range that is going to be at the high end of that range, if not higher. I expect that I'm not predicting we're going to go back to 32% operating margins. But we'll be in the high 20s and possibly touch over 30 depending on how things play out.
I will now hand the call back over to Chairperson and CEO, Gregg Sengstack for any closing remarks.
Well, thank you all for joining us this morning for this call. Please have a safe week, and we'll look forward to speaking to you after the first quarter and with our first quarter results.
Thank you, and thank you for participating. This does conclude today's program, and you may now disconnect.