Bentley Systems Inc

NASDAQ:BSY

Earnings Call Analysis

Revenue and Profit Growth Amid Economic Changes

The company reported a robust third quarter with total revenues reaching $307 million, a year-over-year increase of 14%, or 11% on a constant currency basis. Subscription revenues, making up 88% of total revenues, saw a 15% growth year-over-year. Perpetual license revenues spiked by 26%, while professional services revenues remained flat. The last 12 months saw recurring revenues climb by 13%, slightly boosted by the Power Line Systems acquisition. Despite geopolitical challenges, the constant currency account retention rate remains high at 97%, with a net retention rate of 110%. The considerable growth of adjusted operating income to $86 million reflects a strong margin quarter, and the company is increasing its cash flow conversion from operations, guided to 85%-90% from an earlier estimate of around 80%. Amidst forecasts, the financial outlook for the year remains unchanged, reflecting stability and optimism.

Bentley Systems Reports Solid Growth and Investment in Innovation

Bentley Systems, a global provider of comprehensive software and digital twin cloud services for advancing the design, construction, and operations of infrastructure, hosted their Q3 2023 Operating Results call led by CEO Greg Bentley, COO Nicholas Cummins, and CFO Werner Andre. The story here is one of consistent growth despite some fluctuations and strategic investments towards advancing infrastructure digitalization. The call, which included forward-looking statements regarding Bentley's operations and strategy, highlighted an underlying success narrative punctuated by temporary setbacks and broad sector resilience.

Annual Recurring Revenue Continues to Rise

Bentley's annual recurring revenue (ARR) saw a nominal dip to a 12.5% year-over-year growth—aligning with the company's financial outlook for the year. This slight downtick was attributed to a calendar anomaly rather than a fundamental change in business dynamics. The company sees a steady trajectory in improving operating margins and cash flows, buttressed by a strong demand from the public works/utilities infrastructure sector in the U.S., showcasing a healthy backlog signaling future growth.

The Drive Towards Digitalization Boosts Demand

Infrastructure engineering organizations are prioritizing digital solutions to cope with a significant engineering resource capacity gap, as illustrated by increased average daily application usage—23 minutes more daily compared to pre-pandemic levels. This digital push is evident in Bentley's maintained high net revenue retention and strong ARR growth, particularly within the E365 program for large accounts, and an uptick in new logos, indicating robust sectoral enthusiasm for Bentley's innovative solutions.

China Presents a Mixed Picture for Growth

China remains an outlier, with a preference for purchase of perpetual licenses rather than subscriptions, which has led to reduced ARR despite increased business in the region. This trend is noted as a strategic focus, one which Bentley Systems will aim to balance and factor into growth plans for the coming year.

Financial Edges Sharpen Despite Seasonal Variability

Financially, Bentley shows strength and resilience. With total revenues of $307 million in the third quarter, up 14% year-over-year and subscription revenues accounting for 88% of the total, the company is on a solid financial footing. Deferred revenue growth from consumption-based models, however, was impacted by one less weekday compared to Q3 2022, an effect that will normalize in Q4.

Purposeful Acquisitions and Targeted Innovations

Strategic acquisitions like Blyncsy, in asset analytics, point to expanding business models that step beyond Bentley's primary user-based charging structure to asset-based monetization, signaling a deliberate venture into more comprehensive digital infrastructure services. The company's robust approach toward generative AI and commitment to data stewardship further embolden its standing as an innovative leader in the sector.

Leveraging Global Opportunities While Navigating Regional Dynamics

The story of Bentley's present and future could be seen as one of embracing global opportunities while skillfully navigating regional dynamics. With growing penetration into public works and utilities, continued robust revenue run rates from the infrastructure owner-operator segment, and recognition as a leader in infrastructure engineering tools, Bentley is well-positioned for sustained growth. The forthcoming expansion of Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) funding into areas such as water and grid sectors (pending permitting) are particular highlights that showcase potential growth catalysts for Bentley.

Earnings Call Transcript 2023-Q3

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Good morning, and thank you for joining Bentley Systems' Q3 2023 Operating Results. I'm Eric Boyer, Bentley's Investor Relations Officer. On the webcast today, we have Bentley Systems' Chief Executive Officer, Greg Bentley; Chief Operating Officer, Nicholas Cummins; and Chief Financial Officer, Bernard Andre.

This webcast includes forward-looking statements made as of November 7, 2023, regarding the future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives for the future operations of Bentley Systems, Inc. All such statements made in or contained during this webcast other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. This webcast will be available for replay on Bentley Systems Investor Relations website at investors.bentley.com on November 8, 2023. After our presentation, we'll conclude with Q&A. And with that, let me introduce the CEO of Bentley Systems, Greg Bentley.

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Good morning, and of course, thanks to each of you for your interest and investment in BSI. In our agenda, I start by interpreting directions within our quarterly operating results. Each quarter, a natural KPI headline is our ARR growth year-over-year business performance. While in '23 Q3, that nominally ticked down to the 12.5% midpoint of our financial outlook for the year, this nonetheless, represents continuity in our strong growth momentum given puts and takes specific to this quarter, which I will explain, and we are likewise steadily tracking to our planned annual gains in operating margins and cash flows.

Leading the way, even among more broadly strong market conditions this quarter is the public works/utilities infrastructure sector in the U.S. With almost half of our ARR here, this mainstay in effect serves as the governor on our underlying flywheel. U.S. public works/utilities continues to benefit from the fundamental expansion emerging finally beyond transportation both infrastructure investment and Jobs Act funding. This quarter's ACEC survey of U.S. engineering firms across all sectors, reports a medium current backlog of 11 months, reflecting an engineering resource capacity gap. Even more permanent for digital workflow investments, expectations for a year from now, across economic sentiment anticipate an even stronger market for engineering firms throughout next year that will result in yet higher backlog. When ACEC asked this time about the lack of qualified workers, you see there was a strong agreement that an engineering resource capacity gap is already constraining engineering firms from growing to meet this backlog of work.

Another indicator of this engineering resource capacity gap is that the average duration that our applications are used in a Workday has continually increased now by 23 minutes per day since before the pandemic. We will shortly come back to count these workdays. As Nicolas will report firsthand, the capacity gap is motivating infrastructure engineering organizations everywhere to more than ever prioritize going digital. And with the resulting demand broadly pervasive across infrastructure sectors and global regions, our net revenue retention, the trailing indicator for growth in existing accounts remains at its sustained high level. So then what's up or rather down with year-over-year ARR growth as of this most recent quarter end? While a plurality of ARR is now under our E365 program for our largest accounts. And in Q3 '23, this E365 proportion, of course, continued to grow, both through accretion within existing E365 accounts and by accounts spend over $100,000 per year in ARR, hence, we consider to be E365 prospects rather than SMB, upgrading to E365 from our select subscription program.

Under E365, we charge accounts for our project-wise and asset-wise enterprise collaboration systems based on the total number of users or assets, respectively, in the quarter. But the majority of our E365 charges are for daily consumption of our applications, which consumption occurs substantially on the weekday workdays during a quarter. A year ago, '22 Q3 had a calendar with 66 weekdays, but '23 Q3's calendar ended with a weekend day and began with 2 weekend days that were followed by effectively 2 holidays in the U.S. rather than 1 holiday last year. Now even though half of our business is in the U.S., holidays aren't universal. So even setting aside the comparative effect of that 4-day weekend, if we just count all weekdays as workdays, '23 Q3's E365 consumption year-over-year comparison, suffers as a result of having had 1 less weekday workday than 2022 Q3.

Moreover, because we annualize E365 ARR by multiplying the trailing quarters consumption by 4, '23 Q3's year-over-year ARR growth was negatively 4 weekday workdays of E365 consumption. But as you can also see here, this phenomenon will normalize here during '23 Q4 as both years -- fourth quarters and the full year have the same weekday count. Now our overall ARR growth, of course, comes not only from net retention and accretion for our existing accounts, increasingly through E365 as we have been discussing, but also from new logos, which for '23 Q3, again accounted for 3% of our ARR growth. New logos, of course, tend to start as SMB. We have become confident in being able to grow our SMB business, at least as fast as we grow E365 for our enterprise accounts. And in Q3, SMB growth was faster. By virtue of our own investments in going digital, our virtuosity inside sales group focused on SMB is continually getting better at digital engagement. The net quarterly ARR additions from our Virtuoso subscriptions continue to compound.

In '23 Q3, Virtuoso subscriptions again attracted over 700 further new logos. But in addition to subscriptions, our SMB sales group also offers perpetual licenses, largely for differentiation and appealing to prospects who don't have that choice from our principal competitor, this strategy is succeeding. During Q3, we added almost 300 incremental new logos through perpetual license sales. And as you see, overall, we saw in '23 Q3 an unprecedented year-over-year upsurge in purchasers who chose perpetual licenses rather than subscriptions. We have generally expected this in China here broken out as we pivot there intentionally towards localization. As a result, while our overall new business and revenue in China did increase sequentially and year-over-year, ARR there continued its expected result in decline. In fact, -- the 97% of our business, excluding China, did maintain its highest level of year-over-year ARR growth.

To summarize the business directions of '23 Q3, in light of these puts and takes, I was pleased with our strong year-over-year ARR growth rate notwithstanding its slight decline compared to last quarter in light of the combination of the E365 consumption Workday anomaly and the observed transition to license purchases. For significant corporate development, I start with our annual urine Infrastructure Conference, where I entitled my keynote presentation, going digital towards infrastructure intelligence. We gathered physically in Singapore last month with our going digital awards competition finalists chosen by [ jewelries ] of independent professionals and we had there over 120 members of the world's infrastructure media, and we live stream from there. I think [indiscernible] infrastructure is the best available means to understand the fundamentals of our business on the ground. But the time zone made even virtual attendance is difficult. So Investor Relations Officer, Eric Boyer, attended and has compiled a video of the 2 edited keynotes and other conference highlights which is now available for you on our Investor Relations website.

The global nature of the year in infrastructure was signified by the provenance of the 36 finalists chosen from the 300-plus nominees in 51 countries. Once again, this year, the region with the most finalist was Asia ex China with a prolific concentration of digital advancements. I've referenced many examples from our host country, Singapore, leading a way to infrastructure intelligence. In a world with a widening infrastructure engineering resource capacity gap, to me, the most significant headline comes from our having asked each nominee this year for the first time to quantify their project engineering savings from going digital. For those finalists where this could be calculated as a percentage, the median was 18%. This underscores the importance and potential of our BSY busy work and of the Year in Infrastructure conference to help promulgate these digital workflow advancements, which can make a difference of such magnitude. As an indication of good traction from such efforts toward making all projects as good as the best projects.

While in the past, we have reported on digital twin progress among the finalists only, I find it encouraging that this year, among all the 300-plus nominated projects, fully 28% credit reality modeling, our iTwin capture software for creating engineering grade as operated 3D models generally from drone surveying as the context for digital twins. And likewise, our Syncro 4D construction modeling is now credited by fully 17% of all 300-plus nominated projects. Given that virtually all design, modeling and simulation is already performed in 3D, we believe that seamlessly incorporating 4D simulation, inevitably underlies the future of construction while also delivering the digital twin building blocks for infrastructure intelligence during the life cycle of resilient asset operations. And while it is encouraging that this year, 64% of finalists credit our iTwin platform for any or all of such digital twin advancements I think it's even more significant for iTwin now to be credited by fully 35% of all 300-plus nominated projects.

Indeed, the iTwin platform and schema commonality across our Bentley Infrastructure Cloud enables infrastructure engineering data to compound in value throughout project and asset life cycles. As to the extent of this potential value, we estimate that our project-wise users are currently accumulating over 100 million new unique digital components per month for their future benefit. While Nicholas will next talk about how generative AI will yet further compound the value for an account of their data in project-wise, for instance, through copilot training and reuse of their data across their new projects. At year-end infrastructure, I highlighted several infrastructure intelligence strategies already being showcased by finalists there. In the forefront of compounding value from accumulating data is BP, subject of this press release last week. To our knowledge, BP's deployment of asset-wise asset life cycle information management, now underway globally after its 2019 implementation in the North Sea becomes the industrial infrastructure sectors only initiative to leverage the same cloud-based central information store across all projects and operations, where otherwise, the unfortunate norm is for separate enterprise systems to remain disconnected, BP's infrastructure engineering data can compound in value from projects through operations with asset-wise reliability working to optimize inspections, minimize maintenance costs, increase availability and to improve safety and risk management.

At $106 billion of net infrastructure value, BP is #33 among the just released 2023 Bentley Infrastructure 500 top owners rankings available at the link here. As I believe our greatest ongoing growth opportunities are in digital twin advancements for operations and maintenance, it is gratifying to report that our current revenue run rate from serving 359 of these 50 2023 top owners increased by over 20% from the comparable revenue run rate for 2022. And while fully half of our revenue run rate is now from infrastructure owner operators in general, our revenue run rate from just these 500 top owners who like BP have the most again from compounding the value of their engineering data through infrastructure digital twins now exceeds 20% of our overall total. Speaking of rankings, the annual ARC big tables for engineering design tools this year acknowledged BSY's #1 leadership not only in these infrastructure subsectors which they track individually, but now also for owner-operators in total. To me, that means we are on the right track towards ROI from infrastructure intelligence.

Finally, I am glad to report since last quarter, 2 programmatic acquisitions while even more immaterial financially than most others, each of these is significant strategically. Our iTwin Ventures approach has adapted to view the changed venture capital valuation environment opportunistically. Rather than a typical VC multitude of small stakes, we are now open to outright acquisitions of earlier-stage companies that can become significant within our digital twin ecosystem. [ Blanks ] our first acquisition in what I call asset analytics applies AI to crowd source data to detect for roadway operators, immediate maintenance conditions such as obstructions, quality of lane divider paint and/or actual versus planned construction zones. We will have more to say next year about consolidating asset analytics opportunities to go beyond our primary current business model, which charges primarily per user, to incrementally monetize digital twin subscriptions per asset and for instance, per mile as does link.

Last quarter, I discussed this year's capital market induced slowdown in exploration for new mines and its impact on Sequana. While this pause in new mines continued during '23 Q3, Seplat, which depends more on continuous operating and expansion of existing mines is still growing faster than BSY as a whole. -- though less fast now than our other platform acquisition, Power Line Systems. A source of greater balance and resilience for Sequent is our comprehensive agenda to expand the role of subsurface modeling for civil and environmental infrastructure, which for Sequent is now growing as fast as their mining mainstay. To further this, we announced that year on infrastructure the pending acquisition of Flow state solutions extending Span's market-leading geothermal comprehensiveness to the simulation of geothermal reservoirs, wellbores and surface networks. Like Sequent itself, flow state solutions is based in New Zealand, where geothermal already accounts for almost 20% of power production. And now from these quarterly directions and developments, over to Nicholas, for a more complete operational perspective on '23 Q3.

[Nicholas Cumins, executive]

Thank you, Greg. The engineer resource capacity gap is indeed top of mind. Two weeks ago, I attended a CEO Summit for top engineering firms organized by AEC advisers. There were 2 takeaways relevant for this conversation. First, firms recognize their role in solving the world's biggest problems. Infrastructure is key to support economic growth, ensure energy security and address climate change.

Second, firms cannot find enough engineers to do this important work, and they are looking for solutions. Software is how they will drive efficiency as 1 engineering firm CEO said during a panel conversation. This is a great summary of our current market conditions. Let's start with Infrastructure sectors. The trends remained broadly in line with Q2. AR growth was once again led by public works and utilities. The sector continues to benefit from large infrastructure investments around the world, and we expect this to be the case for years to come. AR growth in resources remain above company average. Sequent with its core business in mining performed as expected. As discussed last quarter, we see less funding available to finance new exploration projects. However, Sequent is used through the mining value chain and is well positioned to help mining companies be more efficient when under margin pressure.

AR growth in Industrial softened somewhat, in particular with EPCs in India and Southeast Asia, focused on energy projects after many quarters of rapid expansion. The commercial and facilities sector remained flat. Moving on to regions. Americas performed well once again led by North America with more federal money from IGA being spent on a greater variety of infrastructure in the U.S. and given our strong momentum with the state departments of transportation. Our growth rate with DOTs has increased by 50% year-over-year. All the more impressive given that these departments increasingly outsource work to their ecosystem of engineering services firms. EMEA's growth continued to benefit from public funding for projects across transportation, water and energy. Some of these projects were finalized at the end infrastructure. We are also growing with engineering firms who are expanding their reach outside their home country due to the strong demand environment in the broader region.

In Asia Pacific, the main growth drivers were Australia and India. In the region, transportation water continued to be strong performance. China continued to weigh down broader AR growth given the preference there for perpetual licenses. Returning to the Departments of Transportation in the U.S. We are partnering with the DOTs in new ways, both to help them secure funding and help them in going digital across their respective ecosystems. We are squarely in year 2 of the IGA's implementation and new and increased funding streams are available for DOTs to take advantage of. For example, we helped 13 departments apply for federal advanced digital construction management systems grants, which can fund software purchases. We believe these efforts will help strengthen our momentum next year as these grants get awarded. Despite the new funding, the DOTs are also impacted by engineering resource capacity constraints, which create an exciting opportunity for us to help them drive efficiency. For example, we partnered with [indiscernible], a nonprofit organization of all U.S. state DOTs to support digital delivery across their value chain, including streamlined design to construction processes.

Overall, we are excited about the expanding opportunities with the DOTs and our increasing role as a trusted partner. Regarding products, the main growth drivers are also in line with the previous quarter. We had noticeable growth with our civil engineering applications, Open Road and Open bridge. Our structural engineering application [ Taba Saks ] as well as PLS for electrical transmission structures. We've also seen continued success with our open flows water modeling application, which is becoming a go-to product for water infrastructure around the world. As Greg mentioned, 2023 was a groundbreaking year for Infrastructure Intelligence. We have been impressed by the progress made by infrastructure organizations in leveraging data to improve project delivery and asset performance as exemplified by the -- going digital awards finalist. If data is the obvious foundation of infrastructure intelligence, digital wins of the building blocks.

Digital twins are used to unlock engineering data from FARS so that it can be analyzed, reuse across projects enrich with operational and enterprise data and mobilize across infrastructure life cycle. Because of the power of digital twins, we are evolving our entire product portfolio to leverage in our digital twin platform to accelerate infrastructure intelligence. At year Infrastructure last year, we launched pending infrastructure cloud, including product-wise, part by iTwin. This year, we announced that we're bringing iTwin to badly open applications, starting with the next release of MicroStation, for systematic use of digital twins in the design phase of the infrastructure life cycle. This will enable users to collaborate in real time, evaluate the impact of changes more seamlessly and significantly reduced rework in errors, resulting in better designs faster. When we talk about infrastructure intelligence, We, of course, think about the significant role that artificial intelligence can play in improving project delivery and asset performance. AI was an important topic at the infrastructure and it was top of mind for the injury firm CEOs I met 2 weeks ago. They seek opportunities to use AI to increase exponentially, the efficiency and effectiveness of the engineers.

As I mentioned last quarter, Bentley is not new to AI. We already use AI in our software for asset monitoring, and we see huge potential for generative AI during the design phase of the infrastructure life cycle. We believe generative AI will empower not replace infrastructure engineers. Consider our own software engineers use GitHub copilot, a generative AI tool to assist with development by generating routine or basic code, documentation, automated test cases and more. We envision a comparable copilot for infrastructure engineers which can take on mundane and time-consuming tasks during the design process so that engineers can focus on higher-value activities. At on Infrastructure, we presented our approach to generative AI for infrastructure engineering beginning with an AI agent that assists engineers in further optimizing site layout by leveraging designs and data from their previous projects.

We also showed how generative AI can be applied to minimize time spent on chronic documentation by automating drawing production with fit-for-purpose and notations. Capabilities like this can improve engineers productivity and their overall work experience, both being essential in light of the engineering resource capacity gap. Of course, to train GTI models, you need data. And we have a responsibility to our users to be very explicit about our approach to their data. We presented our commitment to data stewardship at yearend infrastructure. While we are committed to help our users derive even more value from the engineering data they secure in bed infrastructure cloud, including maximizing its potential for generative AI we are also clear that they retain all access and control over it.

Our users data is their data, always. They get to decide how to use it to train AI for their benefit. One last stop. For infrastructure engineering, as proven by our software enduring experience, the results will be better, not weaker from accounts for use of their own product data rather than the least common denominator of unknown engineering data that will be somehow aggregated. With that said, I will now hand over to Werner for details of our financial results.

[Werner Andre, executive]

Thank you, Nicolas. We are pleased with another strong quarter. Total revenues for the third quarter were $307 million, up 14% year-over-year or 11% in constant currency. Year-to-date, total revenues grew 13% on a reported and constant currency basis. Subscription revenues for the quarter grew 15% year-over-year or 12% in constant currency and represented 88% of our total revenues. Year-to-date subscription revenues grew 14% on a reported and constant currency basis.

The onboarding of Power and Systems at the end of January 2022 accounts for approximately 0.5 percentage point of this year-to-date improvement. Our E365 and SMB initiatives continue to be solid contributors to our subscription revenue growth. Perpetual license revenues for the third quarter grew 26% or 23% in constant currency. Year-to-date, perpetual license revenues grew 6% on a reported and constant currency basis. Even though perpetual license sales make up only 4% of total revenues, and will certainly remain small relative to our recurring revenues, they are likely to become more significant to us as they did in '23 Q3. This is particularly true for SMB and that it serve as a competitive differentiator, helping us to attract new logos and in China due to local preferences. Our professional services revenues remained essentially flat for the quarter. Year-to-date, services revenues grew 6% or 8% in constant currency and benefited from the acquisition of Vitasi, which we acquired within our cohesive digital integrated group in 22 Q4.

Moving on to our recurring revenue performance. Our last 12 months recurring revenues increased by 13% year-over-year or by 14% in constant currency. The acquisition of Power & Systems contributed about 1 percentage point. Our last 12 months constant currency account retention rate rounded down to 97% from 98%. And as a result of exiting Russia mid-2022. Our constant currency recurring revenues, net retention rate remained at 110%, led by continued accretion and within our E365 consumption-based commercial model. We ended Q3 with ARR of $1.125 million at quarter end spot rates. As discussed by Nicolas, our ARR growth trends by infrastructure sectors remained broadly in line with the previous quarter, led by public rugs and utilities, resources performed just above the company overall Industrial growth softened somewhat and commercial and facilities remain flat. Our E365 and SMB growth initiatives remain the key growth contributors. On a constant currency basis, our trailing 12-month ARPU rate was 12.5% year-over-year and 2.6% on a sequential quarterly basis.

When compared to the third quarter last year and when compared to historic seasonality, '23 Q3 was impacted by 1 less week day. This negatively impacted the annualization of our consumption-based E365 revenues, which is based on the current quarter's consumption times 4. As the fourth quarter and the full year 2022 and 2023 have the same number of week days, there will be no impact from this on our full year ARR growth. But this calendar anomaly has caused 23 Q3 ARR growth to be slightly lower in proportion to the full year when compared to our historic seasonality. The quarter was also impacted by continued headwinds in China and a greater preference there, but also in SMB elsewhere for perpetual licenses. As a reminder, Q4 remains for us the biggest contract renewal quarter of the year and thereby represents the quarter with our biggest ARR growth opportunity. Our GAAP operating income was $74 million for the third quarter and $193 million year-to-date. We have previously explained the impact on our GAAP operating results from amortization of purchased intangibles, deferred compensation plan liability revaluations and acquisition expenses.

Moving on to adjusted operating income with stock-based compensation expense our primary profitability and margin performance measures starting this year. Adjusted operating income with stock-based compensation expense was $86 million for Q3, up $19 million or 29% year-over-year. with a margin of 28.2%, up 330 basis points. Year-to-date, our adjusted operating income with stock-based compensation expense was $250 million, up $41 million or 19%, with a margin of 27.2%, up 140 basis points. Q3 was a strong margin quarter for us. In Q4, we expect to see relatively higher OpEx compared to Q3, mainly caused by incremental promotional activities and IT system implementation costs associated with our ERP system. We remain on track to deliver on our full year margin outlook of approximately 26%. With respect to liquidity, our operating cash flow was $73 million for the quarter, and $330 million year-to-date, up $92 million or 38%. The year-to-date operating cash flows benefited from an increased focus on working capital management, as well as timing.

Due to these factors, we expect this year's cash flow from operations to convert from adjusted EBITDA at the rate of 85% to 90%, up from our previous estimate of approximately 80%. As previously discussed, our business model produces reliable and efficient cash flows over a trailing 12-month period. but with some variability between quarters due to timing. Prospectively, we estimated our conversion rate of adjusted EBITDA to cash flow from operations will be approximately 80% and over future trailing 12-month period. Year-to-date through Q3, along with providing sufficiently for our growth initiatives, we paid $44 million in dividends. We spent about $58 million on defect or share repurchases to offset dilution from stock-based compensation, and we repaid $196 million of bank debt. As of the end of Q3, our net senior debt leverage was 0.7x, and including our 2026 and 2027 convertible notes full year step, our net debt leverage was 3.7x.

We are very comfortable with our capital structure as it stands today. We continued our strong deleveraging trajectory this quarter, delevering 1.0x adjusted EBITDA since the beginning of the year. With no debt maturing over the next 2 years and our strong free cash flow generation profile, we expect to organically delever and to increase our balance sheet strength over this period. all while maintaining our programmatic M&A cadence, our dividend and share repurchases to offset dilution from stock-based compensation. And from a rates exposure perspective, approximately 90% of our debt is protected from rising interest rates for either very low fixed coupon interest on our convertible notes or our $200 million interest rate swap expiring in 2030.

So the key message is we are very comfortable with our current leverage, maturity profile and interest rate exposure. But of course, we continually evaluate ways to optimize as conditions change. Given our strong year-to-date and considerations for Q4, we are not changing our financial outlook, except we are increasing the range for this year's cash flow from operations, as mentioned before. With regards to foreign exchange rates, on a year-to-date basis, the U.S. dollar has weakened relative to the exchange rates assumed in our 2023 annual financial outlook, resulting in approximately $6 million of incremental revenues from currency. Based on the most recent USD strength, if end of October exchange rates would prevail throughout the remainder of the year, our Q4 GAAP revenues will be negatively impacted by approximately $1 million relative to the exchange rates assumed in our 2023 financial outlook. And with that, I think we are ready for Q&A. Over to Eric. Thank you

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Thanks, Werner. In order to get to everyone's questions today, we ask that you limit yourself to just one. Our first question comes from Matthew Hedberg from RBC.

[Matthew Hedberg, analyst]

Thanks for all the commentary on the call. I was just kind of curious, it sounds like a consistent outlook this year. I know there's a lot of investors that are kind of wondering about some of the major trends, including I -- it's probably too early to kind of think about next year, but if you were kind of helping us with some of the major building blocks for growth next year, is it consistent with kind of '23? Are there things that you're kind of particularly excited about maybe China joint venture is ramping. Just sort of any help you can kind of think about next year would be certainly helpful.

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Well, the fourth quarter is going to inform our view of next year. And of course, we'll have our annual outlook guidance after the first quarter -- after the fourth quarter. which happens for us in the fourth quarter it's been almost 3/8 of our ARR renews. And even on E365, there are negotiations about floors and caps especially that consume the quarter we're in just now.

But generally, thinking of next year, our business at large is not that volatile, and there is considerable visibility in what we do. Now I suppose the exception that proves that rule is new mining exploration, which this year has a downturn, but it is a minority of what we do even in mining, things to be excited about for next year include the continued expansion of IIJA. It's now in [ water ] and also there has been grid funding. Now for grid improvements, there also needs to be permanent. That is yet to happen. But it will happen, we think, during the coming year, those are things to be excited about. Things that are complicated are China, so much of that new business happens in the fourth quarter. And the joint ventures are slowly coming on. But more significantly, we continue to have E365 -- excuse me, to continue to have ARR accretion in China, but sometimes it's now in favor of perpetual licenses.

So we're going to have to balance that out and maybe that looking at next year, we have to factor in that not all new business is going to be new ARR subscriptions. But generally, that which we depend most upon. It doesn't change very fast and is it's rather favorable momentum more so now than ever.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Next question comes from Joe Brewing from Robert Baird

[Joseph Vruwink, analyst]

Great. Can you hear me?

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Yes.

[Joseph Vruwink, analyst]

Two related questions on ARR performance in the quarter. Do you have a sense of where ARR growth and network retention would be if you just applied this quarter's application usage rates across a normal amount of working days? And then part B of the question, I want to make sure I heard this right. So ARR growth outside of China remained at year-to-date highs. It sounds like industrial markets maybe softened relative to the trend. So is the correct interpretation that public works and the Americas actually improved a bit sequentially?

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

I think that is the correct interpretation. And as to industrial. Those are very large EPCs on very large projects that are very production-oriented and maybe especially sensitive to this calendar phenomenon. And to go back to that, there isn't quite a simple calculation to answer your questions and to explain, on the one hand, under E365 project lines, which is our single largest dollar program. is not counted on usage days. It's any usage in the quarter creates a charge for project life has already been -- always been that way. Asset wise, it's based on asset count.

And then even for the applications, there are a lot of floors and caps that are binding at any point in time. And the calendar volatility can cause the caps and floors to come into play in a dynamic way. And then we have some contracts where the usage-based pricing is in ban. So we do that for government contracting and so forth. So for all these reasons, it isn't quite as simple a calculation, as you might think it could be. But we can say that without the change in -- without having 1 fewer day than last year without having the bulge in perpetual licenses that instead, they've been the usual mix and without the attrition in China. If we didn't have any of those 3 things, then there wouldn't have been a reduction in our indicated ARR growth for the quarter.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Thanks, Greg. Next question comes from Kristen Owen from Oppenheimer.

[Kristen Owen, analyst]

I wanted to ask specifically about the BP announcement, the asset-wise project. how we should think about that as a blueprint for this migration or increased penetration with asset owners and the owner operators versus sort of the CapEx cycle. Just help us unpack the remote asset moderate opportunity, recurring revenue sources and the development of that type of agreement.

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

I think you had that exactly right. Imagine how important it is for BP in its history to get right, the access, the engineering information over the operations life cycle of assets. So very smart people and very smart data scientists made very good long-term decisions about their approach to this over time. And it really is unique that they have agreed on a system and a data model and a schema that they can use both during their CapEx, and they have a huge CapEx program and their operations. It really is unique to share that data model for engineering information and has enabled asset-wise to be extended to asset-wise reliability for, I would say, in inspection and corrosion management and so forth.

I think it's more important than anyone to BP. And they have, as you know, in industrial, we do not have the footprint we have elsewhere. So I think it's really important that BP is leading the way in what we call infrastructure intelligence using the engineering information for not only safety, but reliability, uptime and so forth. It's a down to earth application of that, that is now propounded throughout BP and really is a model. Generally, industrials that are ahead of public works and utilities, and I think this is a respective that you're seeing with the BP enhancement.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

The next question comes from Jason Celino from KeyBanc.

[Jason Celino, analyst]

Guys, can you hear me or same

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Yes.

[Jason Celino, analyst]

Yes. Perfect. One of your competitors has been pretty vocal about the studies and partnerships they've been doing with different DOTs Greg or Nicholas, can you tell us about this partnership with Asco? I think that a, is there any revenue opportunity? Or is it more about influence?

[Nicholas Cumins, executive]

As to is a nonprofit organization working with all the DOTs in the U.S. The partnership we're doing with them goes beyond a study -- it is about integration of our software with a software that they all actually call as to wear, which is managed by Infotech. And in order to enable true digital delivery, meaning data flowing freely from 1 system to another, from -- as to wear, from open roads, from product-wise, from Syncro and from 1 phase of the infrastructure life cycle to the next. From design to construction, which is usually exciting because we see that as a big growth opportunity for Betley going forward.

We are very strong when it comes to design, we're going into construction with the DOTs in particular, as the embracing digital delivery across design and construction.

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

This will have a bearing on most projects.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Next question comes from Michael Funk from Bank of America.

[Michael Funk, analyst]

Yes, I come to with the mute button there. I apologize. So Greg, you mentioned a bit about [ IJA, ] some of the funding starting to flow through. I think specifically, you mentioned now in water grid funding, still not permitting in that area. But can you help us quantify this based on the amount of funds for different projects, where you feel you have relative strength, obviously, in those 2 areas you do -- and the modeling you've done a potential uplift to ARR from those projects coming online during 2024 and 2025. And then related question, you also spoke a lot about iTwins on the call. I appreciate the commentary there. How much potential lift to ARR do you believe at iTwins could provide in the next 12 months?

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Well, first on [ IIJA ] , of course, the transportation funding had been slowing. It doesn't increase. It just continues to flow for the next 3 and 4 years. The other programs had to be put in place, and that's still not complete, but it is finally for water for grid, it's kind of hit miss, but some of it has begun subject, however, to permitting for -- you don't need just money but also permits to do a new transmission capacity. So that is yet to happen.

As far as quantifying the grid opportunity, the International Energy Association has done a good paper during the past quarter that estimates that what's spent on transmission and distribution needs to double over a period of time globally to accomplish everything that's required for electrification. I don't know that -- I don't mean to say that I predict it will necessarily double, but it will grow a lot. And that is the reason to say that our opportunity in grid, especially can multiply. But generally, there is the capacity constraints at the same time. So I believe it will be a continued ramp in the right direction, and we saw that this quarter and year so far in North America. For iTwin, let me ask Nicholas.

[Nicholas Cumins, executive]

Yes, it is our platform for digital twins, infrastructure digital twins. And as a platform, it is leveraged more and more across our product portfolio. This relates to a more fundamental evolution going on, where we as an industry overall, if you want, we're going from file-based to data-centric workflows. The technology we're using to do this is digital twin. What it means is all of our products over time will adopt iTwin as a platform. Last year, we announced and Infrastructure Cloud, which is a combination of product-wise Syncrude asset-wise to be powered by iTwin. And this year at YI,we announced that our open applications, the first one being microstation we're going to also leverage iTwin going forward.

What I mean by this is iTwin is not a discrete part category. If you're trying to put an AR number to it, it's actually our overall growth as a company, which will be based on iTwin as our entire product portfolio is more and more powered by I20.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Our next question comes from Matthew Broome from Zoho.

[Matthew Broome, analyst]

All right. everyone. So Greg, you mentioned positive survey results. Could you maybe talk about how you found customer sentiment in recent months based on your conversations, what are their concerns on their main pain points?

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Well, Nicholas has just been with the CEOs at the conference you described, I might ask him. He's had those first hand meetings. In general, they are very excited and enticed by the possibilities of generative AI in helping to enable their work to get more efficient, but they're very aware that they have valuable data at stay there and they never failed to bring that up and it's appropriately so, I think. What we're saying is their data should benefit only then, but that will be sufficient and is what they really want. But Nicolas, over to you, perhaps.

[Nicholas Cumins, executive]

It very top of mind is on their side, how much demand there is for infrastructure? And how important is the role, by the way, in designing, building, delivering that infrastructure and to address so many of the world's problems but at the same time, how much constrained they are in terms of engineering resource capacity. By the way, we heard it from the CEO of the top engineering [indiscernible] we made a couple of weeks ago in Arizona.

But we hear it across the regions the engineering resource capacity gap is just getting deeper. I heard that, for example, in India now, we're starting to be constrained in terms of engineering capacity when it comes to very advanced engineering for offshore platform, for example, or high speed rail. So this is a global problem. And they all understand that the way for them to be able to bridge the capacity gap is by going digital. So of course, software plays a big role. And in that context, indeed, they are very interested in AI. I was surprised that in every conversation we had with infrastructure engineering firms, CEOs 2 weeks ago, I came up as a topic every conversation. So it is very much top of mind. They're looking at it as an opportunity to increase the productivity, the efficiency, the effectiveness of their engineers as a step function.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

The next question comes from Josh Joshua Tilton from Wolfe Research

[Joshua Tilton, analyst]

You guys, can you hear me?

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Yes.

[Joshua Tilton, analyst]

All right. Great. I actually want to just kind of sneak in a 2-parter on the infrastructure build bundling. The first is kind of a follow-up to an earlier question. And it's -- you talked about funding for a wider array of projects that's coming online, like we had transportation now we're going to have water and other things coming. So the question is, is it fair to assume that the tailwind to growth from the infrastructure bill will just be greater next year than it was this year because you have more projects.

And the second part is on the other side of that, are you guys maybe seeing a dynamic where the current interest rate environment is maybe eating away at some of the excitement around the infrastructure bill relative to when it was passed initially?

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Well, I think it is the case that there not only is the expansion of the [ IIJA ] to the other areas beyond transportation grid and broadband and water. There also are now a variety of these grant programs, Nicholas mentioned one, which is another vehicle to get some funding. But the base load in transportation is going to continue, and these others will come on. I want to go to the interest rate question because fundamentally, while not much of our work in the scheme of things is a privately financed. That is the case with new mine exploration and new mine exploration does turn out to be sensitive to capital market constraints to do with interest rates and other aspects. And that has turned down during this year in a way that couldn't have been anticipated.

The thing is that, on the other hand, existing mines need to run at full capacity. There's no lack of demand that and where the costs are sunk for the new infrastructure and so forth, it makes economic sense to go full tilt there and we have a lot to help with in respect of that. I'll mention also in terms of private funding its industrial sector. And we do talk about that having gotten a little softer. But again, I don't -- I think we can't say that, that's a trend because it might have to do with the number of days of the quarter and the consumption aspect of that, which, by the way, is even more pronounced in India, where they had more holidays during Q3. So we're not calling that a trend yet necessarily. Something very interesting, it isn't quite to do with interest rates, but is purchasing behavior where monitoring is preference for perpetual licenses and would say, how does that make sense to lay out money upfront when interest rates are higher, Well, there could be concern about future economic conditions and some SMB businesses apparently anecdotally say, while things are going well and we can fund it, let's buy the perpetual license.

In China, I'm afraid it's a different phenomenon. It probably is geopolitical anxiety that's leading to some bigger deals than we've seen ever before become perpetual license deals because they don't want to take a chance with continued subscriptions perhaps under threats of possible sanctions. So it's a complicated world in that in that respect. So we see on the margin, these impacts of interest rates, but it doesn't affect very much public works and utilities and our other domains.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Next question comes from Warren Meyers from Griffin Securities.

[Unknown Analyst]

Can you hear me now? Thank you, guys, for having me. I'm obviously in for Jay. Just a quick one with respect to the multiple industry solutions you announced at your recent infrastructure conference. How would you rank those in terms of potential materiality to product and/or services, revenues or margins in 2024 and beyond, kind of a multi-part question here.

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

I'm going to ask -- I'm sorry, go ahead, you had another part to it. Go ahead.

[Unknown Analyst]

No, no. That's basically it.

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Well, I'm willing to ask Nicolas to help quantify, but this notion that the bulk of our opportunity is doing is for operations and maintenance. So infrastructure intelligence compounding the value. That is where the economic value occurs and the opportunity for analytics for AI generally. And one of the earlier questions referred to that in what BP is doing. So we're.... So go ahead, Nicholas.

[Nicholas Cumins, executive]

Yes. The -- as you know, our business is roughly half-half between engineering firms, owner operators. But when we look at what owner operators are using for the most part, it is also software related to the design phase of the infrastructure life cycle. So we think one of the big growth opportunities for the company is the software for the operations phase of the infrastructure life cycle. And this is why the industry solutions are all about. Now there are a bit of a dimension that cuts across because what we're doing with these industry solutions is combining different products that we already have and then adding some additional capabilities when it [indiscernible]

For the most part, these industry solutions are focused on giving more intelligence around infrastructure assets themselves. So being able to inspect remotely being able to sense through IoT devices. If anything is wrong with that infrastructure asset and triggering some preemptive actions if necessary. Obviously, this is also a good use case for AI. This is why we're already using quite a bit of AI capabilities for asset analytics. So this is not discrete product opportunity, if you want, it's more of a long-term growth opportunity for Bently.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Our next question comes from Blair Abernethy from Rosenblatt Securities.

[Blair Abernethy, analyst]

Thank you. Good morning. trying to get the mute button off there. Just wanted to follow up on some of Nicholas' comments and maybe partially for a word or 2 the concept of copilots as a way to help increase the productivity of design infrastructure design engineers. Where do you see yourselves sort of first implementing that? What kind of monetization schemes are you considering? And so what's the timing of this? Is this -- are you in preproduction at this stage or private previews -- or is this a year or 2 out? Just give us a sense of when you can sort of see this in the market.

[Nicholas Cumins, executive]

We are already with AI when it comes to asset operations, as I just explained, we've had capabilities there for a couple of years now, which also made the acquisition of links, which is also leveraging AI in order to detect what's going on around the transportation network. We are absolutely excited about the potential of AI when it comes to helping engineers in the design phase. This is very early stage as an industry overall.

We are in exploration phase and we previewed what we're working on, which is when relevant for some of the engineering firms, leveraging AI as a copilot when it comes to evaluating different site layout options, leveraging AI in order to automate some production of drawings that is really just a sync of time for them right now. The overall vision we have is AI to empower the engineers, not replace them. And we use our own experience actually as an analogy. Our own engineers are leveraging [indiscernible] to be much more productive. [ Geppetto, ] as I explained in the prepared remarks, is taking over all the Monday intact so they can really focus on high-value tasks. So we see exactly the same for infrastructure engineers. And we -- the potential is huge, as I mentioned 2 weeks ago, in every conversation with infrastructure engineering firm CEOs, AI came up.

So the potential is huge for sure. We all see the same our approach is going to be leveraging our own engineering applications to train the AI agents not the data of our users, which is different from an approach that other companies may take, right? So we will train the AI agents with our own engineering applications so that they can learn from entering applications, whether the engineer roles. And based on this, we'll be able then to suggest site lay house or components of designs of infrastructure, et cetera, going forward. And what we envision is our users will then leverage their data to fine-tune those models, those AI agents, this co-paritim will give to them. So it's a quite distinct approach from what you may see in other industries -- very adapted to our industry infrastructure and very much resonating.

The idea of AI is a copilot the idea that we training with our own engine applications that we let the users decide when and if they want to use their own data to fine tune. This is what's really resonating. With exploration right now with a number of engineering firms gaining us feedback, the time line for us to deliver those cablities will depend on that feedback.

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Blair, on monetization, I will point out indirectly when engineering firms and owners recognize the value of the data for ways in which they didn't even anticipate it could compound in value in the future, for instance, with Generative AI training their own tools. Project-wise has become our single largest product just now. And the advantage of project-wise is a common schema where this state can be understood and come understood and comprehensively more valuable. So there are ways for us to implicitly monetize on the value of entering data without yet working out how the -- whether there would be new products or enhanced products as far as monetization.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

Our next question comes from Clarke Jeffries from Piper Sandler.

[Unknown Analyst]

Hello -- good to see you. So I wanted to follow up on a prior question and maybe reflect I think there are some memories of some of the civil construction projects being positive at the shovel-ready stage. And I think that there has been discussion of that before. So I wanted to pose a question like that. How much of the engineering design work will be done entirely pre shovel-ready on the construction -- and how much continued engineering design work could be available after it moved to that final stage when construction on site starts to happen.

And then as a follow-up, when can the sale to the owner-operator occur when it's entirely at the sort of specialty contractor or engineering consultant stage or somewhere during the project?

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Well, what an interesting question. And yes, it could be that in staging of projects, even those funded under IIJA -- some might wait for materials costs and labor costs and so forth to balance out rather than bulge. But that won't have, in general, the impact on the design, getting the project to being with shovel ready. However, we're just back from year-end infrastructure last month, and we are reminded that in Asia, which leads in so much in the world, in Singapore, a case in point of that, if you get a chance to watch some of the keynotes.

Things have moved very far toward design build. And very often, major projects in Asia, the owner from the SAR has a digital twin in mind. And it isn't something that comes along after the fact that it really is interesting. And it is leading the way. We say they're leapfrogging ahead not being constrained by traditional contracting structures and so forth. So I think you'll see some examples of that in going digital award finalists and winning projects Asia. And that's why we remarked that to me, it's a pleasant surprise to see that 17% of all of these 300-plus nominated projects this year, use Synchro. So they're incorporated 6 even incorporating 4D modeling of the construction process during the design, and it's just an indication of the progress of design build and constructability ultimately to improve civil project execution and take out risk and variability.

[Eric Boyer, executive]

That concludes our call today. We thank each of you for your interest and time in Bently Systems and look forward to updating you on our progress in coming quarters.

[Gregory Bentley, executive]

Thank you.