Anheuser-Busch Inbev SA
MIL:ABI
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Anheuser-Busch Inbev SA
Earnings Call Analysis
Q1-2024 Analysis
Anheuser-Busch Inbev SA
Anheuser-Busch InBev kicked off 2024 with positive momentum, delivering broad-based growth in both top and bottom lines. The company's mega brands played a significant role, contributing to a net revenue increase of 6.7%, while EBITDA rose by 5.4%. Operational efficiencies led to a notable margin expansion of 90 basis points. Underlying EPS climbed by 16% to $0.75, supported by improved net finance costs.
The company's digital initiatives continue to bear fruit. This quarter, AB InBev's marketplace expanded, achieving $465 million in gross merchandising value of non-API products, marking a 47% increase year-over-year. The digital transformation of the business provides additional profitability and revenue streams, positioning the company well for future growth.
The first quarter saw varied performances across different regions. Revenue grew by 2.6%, driven primarily by revenue management initiatives and ongoing premiumization. However, total volumes declined by 0.6%, with challenges in the U.S., Argentina, and China offsetting growth in other markets. In the U.S., revenues fell by high single digits with a 10.1% drop in volumes, though market share trends improved gradually since May 2023.
Latin American markets showed robustness, with Colombia achieving double-digit top-line and margin expansion, while Mexico and Brazil saw mid-single-digit volume growth. In EMEA, the company enjoyed high single-digit top-line growth, bolstered by strong performances in Europe and South Africa. Premium and super-premium brands, notably Corona, led the charge with double-digit growth in many markets.
AB InBev is executing well on its three strategic pillars: lead and grow the category, digitize and monetize the ecosystem, and optimize the business. The company’s mega brands, which constitute the majority of volume and are critical to growth, are seeing increased investment in marketing and sales to drive brand power and consumer connections.
The company's proactive debt management has yielded results. Recently issued long-term bonds were used to reduce near- and medium-term maturities, keeping the weighted average gross debt coupon at about 4%. The debt maturity profile is well-distributed with no significant refinancing needs in the medium term, and the financial portfolio remains insulated from interest rate volatility and inflation.
Looking forward, AB InBev is optimistic about the rest of 2024, supported by a strong portfolio of mega brands and key event partnerships, including the NBA, Copa America, and the Olympics. With continued focus on optimizing operations and driving efficiency through digital platforms, the company is well-positioned to create long-term shareholder value.
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Welcome to Anheuser-Busch InBev's First Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call and Webcast. Hosting the call today from AB InBev are Mr. Michel Doukeris, Chief Executive Officer; and Mr. Fernando Tennenbaum, Chief Financial Officer. To access the slides accompanying today's call, please visit AB InBev's website at www.ab-inbev.com and click on the Investors tab and the Reports and Results Center page. Today's webcast will be available for on-demand playback later today. [Operator Instructions]
Some of the information provided during the conference call may contain statements of future expectations and other forward-looking statements. These expectations are based on management's current views and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. It is possible that AB InBev's actual results and financial condition may differ possibly materially from the anticipated results in the financial condition indicated in these forward-looking statements.
For a discussion of some of the risks and important factors that could affect AB InBev's future results, see risk factors in the company's latest annual report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the 11th of March 2024. AB InBev assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information provided during the conference call and shall not be liable for any action taken in reliance upon such information.
It is now my pleasure to turn the floor over to Mr. Michel Doukeris. Sir, you may begin.
Thank you, and welcome, everyone, to our first quarter 2024 earnings call. It is a great pleasure to be speaking with you all today. Today, Fernando and I will take you through our first quarter operating highlights and provide you with an update on the progress we've made in executing our strategic priorities. After that, we'll be happy to answer your questions.
Let's start with our operating performance and the key highlights for the quarter. We are encouraged by our continued momentum and results to start the year. We delivered broad-based top line and bottom line growth with market share gains and volume increases in the majority of our markets. Our mega brands led our growth. with 6.7% net revenue increase. EBITDA increased by 5.4%, in line with our medium-term growth ambition and 2024 outlook, with operational efficiencies driving margin expansion of 90 basis points this quarter. As we continue to optimize our business, underlying U.S. dollar EPS grew by 16%, driven by nominal EBITDA growth and improved net finance costs.
The digital transformation of our business provides opportunities to generate additional profitability and revenue streams. This quarter, this marketplace continued to expand, delivering $465 million in gross merchandising value of non-API products, a 47% increase versus last year. While it is only the first quarter of the year, we are pleased with our start and are uniquely positioned to activate the category in 2024 through our mega brands and mega platforms.
Turning to Slide 6. You can see that total revenue grew by 2.6% with revenue per hectoliter increasing by 3.3% as a result of revenue management initiatives and ongoing premiumization. Total volumes declined by 0.6% as growth in the majority of our markets was offset by our volume performance in the U.S., Argentina and China. Underlying EPS was $0.75, a 16% increase versus last year. As we noted at our full year '23 results for 2024, the definition of organic growth in Argentina has been amended to cap the price growth to a maximum of 26.8% year-over-year.
Our global momentum continued this quarter. With revenue growth in more than 75% of our markets and with bottom line increases and margin expansion in 4 of our 5 operating regions. Our scale and diverse geographic footprint has us well placed to deliver superior long-term value creation.
Now I'll take a few minutes to walk you through the operational highlights for the quarter from our key regions, starting with North America. In the U.S., the beer industry remains resilient with beer volumes improving sequentially through the quarter and dollar sales continue to grow versus last year. Our revenues declined by high single digits with STW volumes down by 10.1%. While our mainstream beer volumes declined, our above core beer mega brands and spirit-based ready-to-drink portfolio continued to grow. Our market share trend has continued to improve gradually from May 2023 with total market share now flat versus last year.
Our portfolio is regaining momentum with growth in key brands, such as Michelob ULTRA, Busch Light, Kona, Nutrl and Cutwater. Together with our wholesaler partners, we remain laser-focused on executing our long-term strategy.
Now moving to mid-Americas. In Mexico, we delivered mid-single-digit top and bottom line growth with margin expansion. Volumes grew by mid-single digits, driven by the continued strong performance of our core portfolio.
In Columbia, our business delivered double-digit top line and high single-digit bottom line growth. Volumes grew by mid-single digits to reach a new record high for the first quarter with our portfolio continued to gain share of total alcohol. Our premium and super-premium brands grew volumes by more than 20%, led by Corona.
In South America, our business in Brazil delivered mid-single-digit top line and double-digit bottom line growth with margin expansion of 311 basis points. Volumes increased by 4.4% to reach a new record high for the first quarter. Our performance was led by our premium and super premium brands, which delivered volume growth in the low teens.
Now let's talk about EMEA. In Europe, we grew top line by high single digits and bottom line by strong double digits with margin recovery. Volumes grew by mid-single digits, outperforming the industry according to our estimates. Our portfolio continues to premiumize, led by our mega brands, which delivered double-digit revenue growth. In South Africa, we again delivered record high first quarter volumes with double-digit top and bottom line growth and margin expansion. Volumes increased by mid-single digits, continuing to outperform the industry in both beer and total alcohol. Our performance was driven by our super-premium portfolio, which grew volumes by double digits, led by Corona and Stella plant.
And finally, Asia Pacific. In China, our portfolio continued to premiumize and grow bottom line despite a soft industry. While our total volumes declined by mid-single digits in line with the industry, according to our estimates, our premium portfolio remained resilient with continued volume growth led by Budweiser.
Now let's discuss our strategic pillars. Let's start with Pillar 1 of our strategy, lead and grow the category. We aim to lead and grow the category with an efficient and focused portfolio of mega brands. Our mega brands are the top brands in each market that make up the majority of our volume today and are expected to drive the majority of our growth going forward. We are disproportionately allocating sales and marketing investments behind these brands to accelerate brand power, build deep consumer connections and drive efficient profitable growth. and we are seeing the results.
Our mega brands are driving our growth, increasing net revenue by 6.7% in the quarter. led by Corona, which grew revenue by 15.5% outside of Mexico. Through the consistent execution of our replicable growth drivers, and our 5 category expansion levers, we are leading and growing the category by offering superior corporate propositions, developing new consumption occasions and expanding our premium and beyond beer portfolios.
Now let's turn to our second strategic pillar, digitize and monetize our ecosystem. This continued to expand usage and reach, capturing approximately USD 11 billion in gross merchandising value, a 23% increase year-over-year and reaching 3.6 million monthly active users. Customer satisfaction improved with our Net Promoter Score improving to plus 61. BEES marketplace continued to accelerate, generating 7.3 million orders of non-ABI products and delivering USD 465 million in GMV this quarter, an increase of 47% versus last year.
Now let's talk about how we are strengthening our direct relationship with our consumers. Through our digital direct-to-consumer platforms, we generated approximately 18 million unique orders this quarter. That's 18 million data points to generate deep consumer insights, develop new consumption occasions and drive incremental revenue for our business.
With that, I would like to hand it over to Fernando to discuss the third pillar of our strategy, optimize our business. Fernando, over to you.
Thank you, Michel. Good morning, good afternoon, everyone. First, let me share how we have progressed on some of our 2025 sustainability goals in the first quarter.
In Climate Action, we reduced Scopes 1 and 2 emissions per hectoliter of production by 6% year-over-year. We are also recognized by CDP as the 2023 supplier engagement leader for our work to drive decarbonization across our supply chain. In Water Stewardship, we continue to progress towards our 2025 goal to reach a water use efficiency ratio of 2.5 hectoliters per hectoliter achieving 2.55 this quarter. Our EBITDA margin improved by 90 basis points this quarter with margin expansion in 4 of our 5 regions. Our fundamental strengths, disciplined pricing, continued premiumization and efficient operating model creates an opportunity for further margin expansion over time.
As you can see on the next page, in the first quarter, we continued to actively manage our bond portfolio. In March, we issued longer-term bonds and used part of the proceeds to reduce near- and medium-term maturity towers towards tender offer. These transactions improved our debt maturity profile while maintaining our weighted average gross debt coupon at approximately 4%. Our debt maturities remain well distributed with no relevant medium-term refinancing needs. We have approximately USD 4 billion worth of bonds maturing through 2026 and a weighted average maturity of 14 years. In addition, our debt portfolio does not have any financial covenants and it is comprised of a variety of currencies, diversifying our FX risk. 99% of our bonds have a fixed rates, insulated from interest rate volatility and inflation.
And now let me take you through the drivers of our underlying EPS this quarter. We delivered EPS of USD 0.75 per share, a $0.10 per share increase versus last year. Nominal EBITDA growth accounted for a $0.12 per share increase. Gross debt reduction combined with proactive cash flow management resulted in lower net interest expenses, which contributed a $0.05 per share increase.
With respect to capital allocation, we are focused on maximizing long-term value creation by dynamically balancing our priorities. We continue to invest in organic growth to support our strategy. The excess cash generated by our business is then dynamically allocated across deleveraging, selective M&A and return of capital to shareholders. While deleveraging remains a priority with additional flexibility in our capital allocation choices. This quarter, we completed our USD 1 billion share buyback program that was announced in October last year and executed an additional USD 200 million direct share buy back from Altria. We remain disciplined in our capital allocation decisions to maximize value creation.
With that, I would like to hand it back to Michel for some final comments before we start our Q&A session. Michel?
Thanks, Fernando. Before opening for Q&A, I would like to take a moment to recap on the quarter and look ahead and the unique opportunities that our mega brands have to activate the category in 2024.
We continue to make progress in executing across each of our 3 strategic pillars. Driven by the continued momentum of our mega brands, we delivered top line growth in 75% of our markets. We progress our digital transformation generating approximately USD 11 billion of GMV through BEES with $465 million in GMV of third-party products through BEES marketplace. EBITDA grew by 5.4%, in line with our medium-term growth ambition and outlook for 2024, with 90 basis points of margin expansion. As we continue to optimize our business, underlying EPS increased by 16% versus last year.
Looking ahead to the summer and the rest of the year, we are uniquely positioned to activate the category. The combination of our mega brands with key platforms that consumers love and that bring people together is a powerful opportunity to lead and grow the category from the NBA, to Copa America, to Olympics, NFL, the UFC and music platforms like Tomorrowland and Lollapalooza. We will be focused on doing what we do best. Our brands will show up in a big way, connecting with consumers and bringing to life for purpose of creating a future with more cheers. We remain focused on the opportunities ahead of us. The beer category is large and growing, and our unique global leadership advantage, implementation of our replicable growth tool kits and our superior profitability position us well to generate value for our stakeholders.
With that, I will hand it back to the operator for the Q&A.
[Operator Instructions] Our first questions come from the line of Rob Ottenstein with Evercore ISI.
Great start to the year. So I want to focus on the U.S. and kind of 2-part question. First is the data that we're getting shows very significant share gains on-premise for Michelob ULTRA and that when you kind of look at the way the year goes kind of by March, and you combine Michelob ULTRA, your other brands, you've recovered most of the share loss. Maybe it's about a 200 basis point gap as opposed to -- and the data that you showed us overall are off-premise kind of 460 basis points through March.
So the first question is, is the data that we have roughly accurate and consistent with what you're seeing in terms of the on-premise? And then second and tied to that, what we're also seeing and particularly really accelerating in April, is incredibly strong results for Michelob ULTRA and for Busch Light, continued strong results for Nutrl and Cutwater, which then kind of when I kind of step back and think about it, kind of, obviously, a lot of pain from Bud Light, a horrible situation. But kind of going forward, it would appear to us that in a way, you have a stronger and more balanced portfolio with prospects for going forward, better growth and share gains, would you agree with that?
Michel here. Thank you for the question. Let's start with the 2 parts of the question number 1 in terms of the brands and the current data that's available data from either Circana or some other sources in their own trade. So overall, we see a strong momentum on Michelob ULTRA as you were describing. And we all know how relevant the brand is and how much the brand has been growing over the years. But moreover, we are all aware of the headroom for growth that the brand has in terms of geographies and channels and how aligned the brand is with current trends in terms of liquid profile, calories and carbs.
Through the year, on our own data, we see a lot of expansion in number of POCs, TAPs and also rate of sales for Michelob ULTRA in down trade. So our own numbers, they talk to the sources that are external data that you are mentioning. And when you combine this with the off-trade data, which is also available, you can see that Ultra in the last few weeks reached an all-time high share for the brand and has momentum that you see on Circana. building over the last few weeks. So a lot to come in the year because actually, to be quite honest, this summer is going to be the strongest activation of Michelob ULTRA as we get through Olympics and then all the holidays that we're going to have during the summer, the Team USA and the partnership with the Olympics Committee in the U.S. So excited about what we have ahead of first with ULTRA.
And then Busch Light, as you mentioned, similarly, when you look at the last few weeks, all-time high share for the brand as well, very good momentum, plenty of opportunities to continue to expand nationally because the volume today is very concentrated in a few regions. And the brand is also very well positioned with a lot of momentum with consumers and consumer needs as of now. You go from there. We're now not talking Kona, [ Estrella ] , brands that are firing and growing very well as well. So our entire strategy in the U.S. is about portfolio rebalance, and those are the brands that are making a huge contribution for us regaining momentum. And of course, for our portfolio to be more aligned with all trends that we have all there.
When you go to ready-to-drinks, I think, we saw this before, Cutwater, Nutrl. They continue to grow strongly. We are today just 1% on this spirits industry, but we account for roughly 15% of the dollar growth. Both brands are in the top 10 growing spirits brands in the U.S. And both brands are already part of the top ranked brands in dollar sales in the U.S. Cutwater still ahead in terms of position bigger than Nutrl, but Nutrl growing triple digits and quickly moving up. And if you look as a company, as a matter of fact, quarter 1 dollar growth in spirits AB was top 3 in terms of dollar growth, as I said, 2 brands, 15% of the total dollar growth in the U.S., and this contributes, of course, to this portfolio rebalancing.
So all in all, excited with the momentum behind our brands. As you mentioned, they are Michelob ULTRA, Busch Light, Nutrl, Cutwater. All very strong growth with Michelob ULTRA and Busch just hitting all-time high market share for both brands in the last 2 weeks. Thanks for the question.
Our next questions come from the line of Trevor Stirling with Bernstein.
Two questions from my end. First one, I noticed that you referred to mega brands rather than global brands, Michel in the presentation. Does that reflect a change in thinking in terms of how you classify and how you apply that thinking per market? And second question on Mexico. I think you mentioned mid-single-digit volume growth slightly benefiting from the timing of Easter. Does that imply a market that's really doing very nicely low single-digit volume growth, stable share and solid price mix?
Trevor, thanks for the question, Michel here. First point, mega brands, we were together in Mexico, and we talked about our portfolio strategy and the relevance of our brands, both at the global level but also at the local markets. And as we are now reporting quarter 1. We are incorporating the discussions we had with investors and analysts in Mexico. And we thought that would be good to give you some visibility around this portfolio play and the weight of these brands globally. Those brands are like 3 to 5 brands in each market. Part of these are our global brands as well because you have very strong champions, billion-dollar brands. When you combine these mega brands, majority of our volume above 50%, but they are the spearhead of this efficient organic growth that we are pursuing. And as we invest in these brands, as we sharpen that positioning and we align these brands with the key consumer trends, they respond very well.
So they are leading the growth with this 6 plus revenue growth in the quarter 1, and we will continue to update you quarter-on-quarter on the development of these brands. Similarly, we will continue to highlight the results of our global brands because they are very important brands in this context. And they are the brands that when you look in a consolidated way, they continue to lead our growth most importantly, one in this quarter in terms of performance.
Corona, double-digit growth, very strong momentum across many main markets and now combined with the launching and expansion of Corona Cero, we are seeing a lot of good momentum building towards the summer. When you think about Mexico, Mexico continues to be very healthy market. We see volumes in the quarter 1 developed very well. You had this shift in terms of calendar with Easter more into the quarter 1. Nevertheless, even without considering this week of Easter, the overall market was very healthy, and the underlying demand for our brands remain very positive. So we continue to be very positive about Mexico is #2 market for us within the #1 zone in terms of growth and continues to perform very well.
Our next questions come from the line of Priya Ohri-Gupta with Barclays.
Congratulations on the quarter. I think first off, Fernando, I just wanted to go back to your dynamic capital allocation model. First, with regards to some of issuance and tender activity that you undertook already in this year. Is our working assumption supposed to be that sort of that action should be essentially gross debt neutral? And then following that, as we think about sort of deleveraging as remaining the priority, which you underscored in your prepared remarks, should we be expecting gross debt reduction to continue over the back half of the year given the seasonal cadence of your free cash flow and what we've seen in the last couple of years?
Thanks for your question. Actually, the issuance is probably less to do with the dynamic capital allocation and more to do with managing our debt portfolio. Because as you said, it's gross debt neutral between the debt that we have maturing this year already and the $2.5 billion that we redeemed, it's kind of neutral. And then kind of as the year goes by and we continue to generate cash then the capital allocation is going to come into play. And then want to decide what is the best approach if we continue to further reduce debt, dividends or any other form. But the ongoing assumption and that assumption that we've been working from the last few years is that we should have some debt pay down every given year. So we should be continuing to work along these lines. So no change in here.
Okay. And just one follow-up on how we should think about share repurchase activity going forward now that you're prior program has been completed, and you did the incremental $200 million directly with the -- with Altria.
Deleveraging still remains a priority, given how the business performs, we remain confident in our ability to develverage. When you think about capital allocations, the objective is always to maximize value creation to shareholders, and we'll be very disciplined about capital allocation this year. We don't have anything to share different than that right now. But of course, every quarter, every moment, we are looking from these dynamic lenses and we make the decisions accordingly.
Our next questions come from the line of Edward Mundy with Jefferies.
I have 2, please. So on Slide 17, you have a bullet around category participation, which I think was stable last year, but it's up 40% in your markets this year and some of the increases were led by female consumers across Lat Am and Europe, which I think is a heavy grail of beer. So what are you doing differently? What are the early learnings? And do you think this could be sticky? And then second of all, on Slide 24, you grew EBITDA margin 90 bps in the first quarter, but it's still quite a bit below your peak. Could you remind us about how you get to the high watermark? Or how do you think about getting back to the high watermark for margins, in particular, as your mega brand strategy argues for the more efficient growth?
Ed, Michel here. Thanks for the question. I'll take the first part and Fernando can comment a little bit more on the margins. But all 5 levers on how we look at the category and how we think the category can be further developed are very important for us. And of course, participation is positioned as we shared with you always as the first lever because it is very important to keep an eye on participation and making sure that as we work with our brands, as we work with innovation that can be either liquids or packaged.
We are always moving towards getting consumers to be in constant touch with our brands and enjoy the category across occasions that are relevant to them. And as we do that more specifically on your question, and beyond beer, smaller beer package and premium propositions such as Corona, they tend to be more co-ad and therefore, they participate in more occasions that are relevant for female consumers. And this is one of the reasons why beer continues to gain share of growth in many, many markets.
So we know that as we offer more premium propositions and this can go from Corona in many markets to Leffe in Europe, and then we go to propositions such as Brutal Fruit in Africa or Cutwater in North America, we see that we gain participation with different cohorts of consumers. And this is all incremental. There is a lot of incrementality when you tap into this pool for our portfolio and for the beer category. We are tracking this now globally for a while, and we'll be able to update you as we are doing now. So 40% of our markets, which is a big amount of markets for the quarter 1 showed positive results in participation. And I think that will continue to drive this and to compete in different occasions and with different consumers, while we will continue to offer strong propositions for our current consumers with our mega brands.
And Ed, Fernando here, on your second question, yes, our margins expanded 90 basis points and they grew in 4 out of our 5 operating regions. But indeed kind of if you look over the last several years, EBITDA margin has contracted and it was mostly driven by variable cost escalations, mostly linked to transactional effects and the record high commodity prices, which we've been seeing and it being meaningfully ahead of the local CPI on the markets where we operate.
We said before that none of these headwinds are structural and the fundamental drivers of our industry leading margins, they remain intact. We have, I think, quite a few, we have iconic mega brands. We have our unique global footprint. We have the meaningful leadership positions. We have an efficient operating model, and we have the financial discipline and ownership culture. Even though commodity and effects are improving, on historical levels they are still at a quite high level. So that creates further opportunities. But regardless of that, we are controlling what we can control. And a good example of that is if you look, we were quite efficient on our SG&A line, which allow us to look at costs, all the expenses and making sure that we save on the things that don't create value, and we are able to invest and keep investing to sales and market in the [ monies ] that are consumer facing and that can help drive volume.
We don't have any outlook for that. We have an outlook for CapEx. So you see that this year outlook for CapEx is smaller. It's a lower CapEx expansion comparing to the outlook for last year. But we are applying the same mindset for all the lines in our P&L to continue to drive efficiency. So definitely room to improve, but we're not giving any outlook on how and when.
Our next questions come from the line of Simon Hales with Citi.
Can I just come back to the U.S., please, Michel and ask you a little bit more about the shelf reset situation, so you're one of your big competitors has talked about this a lot over the last sort of few quarters. Back at the full year, Michel, I think you were indicating around 55% of retailers had announced their resets at that point. Where are we now? What proportion have been executed? And are you still losing, I think you talked about 7% to 8% of facings when those resets are going through now in the spring?
Thanks for the question. Situation, I think that just like to piece together the 2 or 3 [ last times ] that we talk about that. So at the end of the year, 15% of the retailers did their usual fall reset. As we talked about the full year results and connecting it now, we were at 50% announced. Now we pretty much everybody already completed the work. And as we track that, we see that majority of the retailers have already implemented. So it's north of 50%, not everybody yet, but north of 50%. The situation as everybody completed the work changed very little, so actually improved a little bit in our direction. So a smaller share of faces now that we are losing, but it's still in the range to simplify the life to you, 1 out of 20, let's say, 1.5 out of 20. So between 1 and 1.5 out of 20. And as I said before, we have very strong business plans.
These business plans are all negotiated and downloaded to both our wholesaler teams and our retailer partners, huge buying in terms of the activations that we have for the year. Think about how we started with Super Bowl and now as we phase towards the summer, we will have a very strong set of assets that go through NBA, then we have Copa America, then we have Olympics with the Team USA plus the whole NFL season. So we are very confident on the execution. We are very confident on the ability of our teams to bring beer to the floor and to work hard to continue to build this momentum.
As I just said before, key brands such as Michelob ULTRA at all-time high now, accelerating momentum, Busch Light, all-time high share, also gaining momentum. And we will continue to work together with the partners to take the best out of the great summer of activations that we have in the remaining part of the year. But all in all, no big change from last time that we talked, just that now we have north of 92% of the retailers already with the work finalizing.
Our next questions come from the line of Sanjeet Aujla with UBS.
Two from me as well, please. Firstly, Fernando, I just love to follow up on the SG&A point that came in just 1.4% well below inflation. So can you just talk a bit about what's happening in the U.S., firstly, where there was a decent decline? I think in the past, you'd alluded to around 1/3 of the EBITDA decline in the U.S. being something you could potentially control. So you're now kind of rightsizing your cost base for the new level of volume in the U.S. And should those benefits continue to accrue through the course of the year. But then also in some of the other emerging markets, particularly EMEA and Middle Americas was well below inflation. So I just love to get a sense of how much of that we can extrapolate going forward?
Okay, Sanjeet. So on your first question, probably you answered the question on your own question, is the 1/3, 2/3 kind of, we have the 2/3 that is volume linked, and volume was slightly better. So you get a little bit of operational leverage there. And the 1/3 are the things that we can work. It's part of the pillar #3 of our strategy to optimize our business, and we are doing that. We are kind of looking at the things that we can control. They don't happen overnight. But as we said, this 1/3 is something that within our control. And over time, we can get some of that back.
When you look at the global mindset and it's no different than what we're applying to the U.S. is we look for that every day. There is -- there won't be any silver bullet, but we have this ongoing efficiency mindset where we keep looking at all the opportunities, always looking to optimize our business to save what we call nonworking dollars to make sure that we can invest more into sales and marketing and continue to support our brands. But there is no specific outlook or anything like that rather than our ongoing optimization.
Great. And just a follow-up for Michel on China. Volumes there, particularly weak. I think you called out weather, but can you just talk a little bit about how the category is developing in light of the macro dynamics there? And give us a perspective of what you're seeing across channels as well, please?
So in terms of China, I think that what we see is maybe stepping back for a second. The long-term fundamental strengths of the category remain in place. We continue to see premiumization as a very long-term trend for China. And as you look at the brands that are growing and where these brands are growing in terms of channels and regions, we don't see a big change.
We see that this premiumization should continue to drive an expansion on the EBITDA pool and margins, and this continues to reflect on the numbers as we go through the quarters. And we see, as I think, I mentioned during the quarter 1, the full year results when we talked, that we saw a little bit of impact from different forces on the mainstream volumes. So there's a little bit of weather. The macro is a little bit soft and consumers [ cycling ] the last year reopening with a more normal Chinese New Year traveling things this year. So I think that long-term fundamentals still in place, industry is premiumizing, premium beers are growing, profit pool should be expanding.
And then because China is very big as a country like continental, you always have different impacts in regions due to weather, due to the economic moves. And what we saw during the beginning of this year, trimester 1 was that weather was impacting a lot. Let's say, east, southeast of the country, while other regions more towards the West, Southwest, had an easier ride in terms of weather as well as different comps from last year. The reopening that we all know was more concentrated and more impactful on the Eastern provinces of China. But long term, we believe that the fundamentals remain in place. Premiumization remains a very strong force and whatever weather related is more transitory that is something that we should be watching for the remaining of the year.
Our next questions come from the line of Laurence Whyatt with Barclays.
A couple for me. Just following up on the China question. Just wondering if you had seen any impact from the flooding that we saw in Guangdong recently, whether that's -- how important that region is to you in China and what the impact on consumers was there.
And secondly, Fernando, on the -- your balance sheet is we think is likely to get -- to populate the sort of important 3x net to EBITDA number at the end of this year. But of course, Altria has started selling some of its stock. They've got a lockup towards end of the year, but just sort of the potential of Altria selling some more stock, does that impact your desire to embark on any additional buybacks that change your thinking around how you might return cash to shareholders later in the year.
Fernando here. Let me take your question first, and then I'll hand over to Michel. So Altria, I don't know what will be the intentions or not. There's some question for you to ask them, but I don't have any views on that. But on our side, we remain disciplined in our capital allocation decisions. And the objectives that we have are always to maximize value creating to shareholders. So we always analyze kind of different opportunities when and if they arise. But bear in mind that we remain disciplined and value creation is the driver that we'll be looking at more than anything else. Michel?
I think you're just complementing what we were talking about on the previous question. South China, part of this Eastern, Southeast regions in China are very important for all categories and consumer goods. Guangdong is a very large province, very important for China, very important for all consumer goods as well as for our own volumes and premium volume. And this is part of this trimester 1 slightly different weather patterns that we are seeing in China, and we are watching and following this very close.
And again, while the weather, we cannot control. We continue to be focused on the things that we can control which are the investments and execution behind our mega brands in China. We have a very strong calendar as we move towards the summer with our brands that includes Budweiser, activating around the Olympics, Blue Girl, activating, the key events and social occasions in China. And we need now to continue to focus on what we can control, while, of course, watching, monitoring the weather-related events plus the macro economy. And of course, summer is very big and is a defining moment for the industry overall in China.
We know from last year as a matter of fact if you look to the numbers, we had strong industry performance in quarter 1, quarter 2, and we had an industry that was not that strong in the second half of the year. So I would say maybe complementing the information that we shared before that we probably will be looking at 2 different half of the years in China this year, half 1 facing stronger comps and half 2 easier comps versus last year.
Our next questions come from the line of Sarah Simon with Morgan Stanley.
Yes. I have 2 questions, please. First one was some of your U.S. peers have been a bit more cautious about trading in April. And I wondered if you could give us any comments on how you see April compared to Q1? And then the second one was you referred to investing more in sales and marketing. But can you give us any kind of quantification in terms of whether sales and marketing grew organically ahead of revenues or in line? Or any kind of color on how that reinvestment is going through Q1?
Michel here. Thank you for the questions. So first one, if I understood well was North America, U.S. trade comps in April. I think that we -- first of all, we are talking with the numbers of quarter 1 in mind here. And of course, that is, at this point, a lot of public available data of sales to consumer in the U.S. for April. And in a big picture, I think that what we need to see is the incoming trends of last year that was dollar growth with volumes slightly down between 1 and 2. It remains true for the quarter 1 as it remains true for the trimester 1 when we include the April into these numbers.
I think that a little bit of the conversation was because Easter shift even in the U.S., not as much as in Mexico, but this is also a relevant occasion in the U.S. the more you go to the southern part of the U.S., the more relevant it is. And we saw that the industry was recovering through the quarter with the end of March being stronger and part of that was because of the Easter shift. And then the beginning of April had the tougher comps because Easter was in the first weeks of April last year. We saw that the weather as we go from winter to spring to summer has a bigger impact, of course, when you change from winter to spring. And it's a little bit of a late spring this year. So the weather was colder in April. So April in terms of volume was slightly worse than the quarter 1. But I think it's too early for us to call any deterioration at this moment because dollar-wise was pretty similar.
And even with April all data sales to consumers, still was on this range of minus 1.5 to 2, right? So I think that's too early to call quarter 2 based on April, while the biggest impact on the pro was really the Easter shift.
Thinking for sales and marketing, we don't give any disclosure specifically on that or any guidance for the year. Everything that we do is comprised by this [indiscernible] outlook. As Fernando was discussing before, so we've been extremely disciplined on all fixed cost, and we continue to apply this everyday efficiencies mindset, which is very important for us when you think about overhead and overall SG&A. That's why we are growing less than inflation. While in the sales and marketing, we want to continue to drive growth by investing in our mega brands and in our mega platforms.
So we have very strong activation opportunities throughout the year that will really, really make a difference for the category, and our brands will have the right investments so they can capitalize on all these investments that we have. This investment, of course, is becoming ever more efficient because as we have the right portfolio, the right brands invest behind. These brands have scale, and we can seize better performance from these investments. And because we are now very digital, both in the sales to retailers, but in sales to consumers as well, we know that data is the place to mine for efficiencies. So we've been investing more, but in a more efficient way for growth while we continue to be extremely disciplined for all the fixed costs and the financial discipline is part of our company that we've been driving stronger, stronger every day. So thanks for the question.
Our final questions will come from the line of Brett Cooper with Consumer Edge.
A question and a follow-up on your DTC platforms, and I think it dovetails with what you were just talking about. But in the press release, you quoted 18 million e-commerce orders globally, 16 million of those are in Brazil. So in the other 20 markets, you have 2 million orders. So can you just talk about the opportunity and headwinds to develop DTC in the non-Brazil markets? And then the follow-up is, is there some way to frame what the minimal level of development that you need in direct-to-consumer in the market to extract the data necessary to generate the majority of the benefits on optimizing your decisions in developing the category in your business or maybe how many of those 20 markets you've gotten to that level of scale?
Michel here. Thanks for the question. I will address both of the questions. I think that they are very interesting questions, and they give a good opportunity for us to talk about this direct-to-consumer and the link to insights. So as many of our initiatives, given the global footprint that we have, we tend to get our ideas around what we want to develop, choose, select one market, implement the programs, in this case, product, which is our direct-to-consumer product that's called Ze Delivery in Brazil. And of course, for a period of time, we need to perfect the model and build the scale. So today, Ze Delivery has a meaningful scale in Brazil, both in number of orders as you were talking. But in terms of number of consumers reach and [indiscernible] percentage of our volume that goes through direct to consumers in Brazil.
When you think about that, to give an example that links to your second question, if you think about the way that we do consumer insights and consumer groups to validate an idea, you, of course, can fit 20, 30 people on the consumer group. And if you do 10 of these groups, we're going to cover 250 to 300 people. Today, with Ze Delivery, we validate ideas with 10,000 surveys with our consumers in a matter of minutes or we can digitally test ideas on a database of millions of consumers and understand real behavior like purchase behavior rather than just declared behavior.
So when you get the scale that we have with Ze Delivery in Brazil today, the insights that we have, the ability to test ideas, the ability to survey behavior response to what we are doing, the innovation, promotions, is disproportion -- it is disproportionately bigger. And then now we are scaling the product.
So the tech product that we developed we are scaling in 20 new countries under the brand TaDa. And the reason why we are doing TaDa we discussed before is because TaDa brings for the Hispanic language countries and the English speaking countries an easier concept and a very broad concept that brings some magic to the category and to these important meaningful moments that you are at home because the value proposition of Ze, TaDa is beer called at home in 30 minutes. So the magic of doing this. And we are scaling the platform, of course, as any other product that is adoption.
Some countries are moving very quick in terms of adoption. An example we saw in the market in Mexico but many other countries are following a similar adoption curve as we had for Ze in Brazil. The difference is that Ze is in the market in Brazil for over 2 years now. While TaDa is completing first anniversary in most of the markets that we have. In terms of the scale, let's say that once you get above 1% of your sales, you already have meaningful data that you can use as long as you have all the intelligence behind and the product is well delivered for that, which, in our case, the products [indiscernible] . And in Brazil, we are a multiple of this scale.
So the data is already very good, and we are using to develop brands and to develop special occasions in Brazil, so we can already activate big amount of consumers to develop occasions. And in the other countries, we are expanding reach, building scale, but the data is already confirming to be very good data for us to work in all markets. So thank you for the question, and thank you for the opportunity.
These were the final questions. If your questions have not been answered, please feel free to contact the Investor Relations team. I will now turn the floor back over to Mr. Michel Doukeris for closing remarks.
So thank you, everyone. Thanks for your time today for the ongoing partnership and support for our business. Stay safe and well, and we talk soon. Thank you.
Thank you. This concludes today's earnings conference call and webcast. Please disconnect your lines, and have a wonderful day.