Banco de Sabadell SA

MAD:SAB

Earnings Call Analysis

Banco Sabadell Posts Strong Q2, Upgrades 2024 Guidance

Banco Sabadell reported a Q2 net profit of EUR 483 million, a 55% increase from Q1, driving H1 net profit to EUR 791 million, up 40% year-on-year. Key drivers included a 2.5% rise in net interest income (NII) and sustained asset quality, reducing provisions by 16.9%. The bank upgraded its 2024 NII growth forecast to mid-single digits and expects return on tangible equity to exceed 13% in both 2024 and 2025. TSB, its UK operation, also contributed positively with EUR 49 million in Q2, and NII is projected to grow by high single digits in 2025.

Solid Financial Performance and Growth Prospects

Banco Sabadell's recent earnings call revealed strong financial performance, driven by a robust rise in net interest income (NII) and an impressive 40% year-on-year increase in net profit. The bank's return on tangible equity (RoTE) climbed to 13.1%, highlighting improved profitability. Key drivers included a 9.8% year-on-year growth in NII and a strategic focus on cost containment, with costs increasing only 2.5% y-o-y. .

Enhanced Profitability and Shareholder Returns

The bank is committed to enhancing profitability and shareholder returns, evidenced by an increase in the dividend payout ratio to 60% and an interim cash dividend of €0.08 per share, scheduled for October 1. This move, along with robust earnings, underlines confidence in sustained profitability, with RoTE projected to surpass 13% in 2025. .

Strategic Focus on Core Markets and Asset Quality

Nearly all (97%) of Banco Sabadell's profit originates from Spain and the UK, minimizing exposure to volatile emerging markets. The bank has also reported improvements in asset quality, with a 5% increase in non-performing assets coverage, contributing to a reduced cost of risk at 46 basis points. Enhanced risk management underscores the stability of Sabadell's core markets. .

Strong Loan Growth and Margin Management

The call highlighted strong commercial momentum, with performing loans growing by 3% quarter-on-quarter. Customer margins improved by 9 basis points to 3.18%, supported by higher loan yields and controlled deposit costs. These factors contributed to a mid-single-digit NII growth projection for 2024 and a favorable outlook for 2025. .

TSB's Strategic Transformation

Banco Sabadell's UK subsidiary, TSB, is in a transition phase, yet showing promising signs with a 14% increase in new lending in the first half of 2024. Cost reductions and a structural hedge expected to contribute over GBP 100 million by 2025 will drive NII growth in high single digits. This ensures TSB's return on tangible equity reaches double digits by 2025. .

Guidance and Future Projections

Banco Sabadell has upgraded its guidance, forecasting mid-single-digit growth in NII for 2024 and reaffirming a RoTE above 13% for both 2024 and 2025. Downward trends in provisions and cost management continue to underpin profitability. The bank is also optimistic about further capital distribution improvements based on current financial trajectories. .

Earnings Call Transcript 2024-Q2

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

Thank you for joining Banco Sabadell Second Quarter 2024 Results Audio Webcast. Please be welcome. The presentation will be given by our CEO, Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno; and our CFO, Leopoldo Trenor. They will cover the main highlights and details of the commercial and financial performance in the second quarter of the year. The presentation will be followed up by a Q&A session. We have it scheduled, around 1 hour and 15 minutes, for the whole session. Let me now hand it over to our CEO, César González-Bueno.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Thank you, Gerardo. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to Sabadell's Second Quarter '24 Results Presentation. I would like to start by sharing our view on Banco Sabadell's profile, its performance and its prospects. Sabadell is a simple, low-risk and increasingly profitable bank with further value to be unlocked. Why do we say that? First, profitability keeps improving and has not peaked yet. Even though our return on tangible equity has increased significantly over the last 3 years, it hasn't reached its peak. As a matter of fact, we have improved, again, our RoTE, return on tangible equity, guidance for '24 and '25. Second, our improved profitability is sustainable over time, and we have high visibility on future earnings. On the one hand, 97% of our profit comes from Spain and the U.K. So we have negligible exposure to volatility emerging markets. On the other hand, we have clear levers which support our profitability looking forward.

Third, our commitment to shareholders' remuneration is strong. As a proof of that, an interim cash dividend will be paid in October '24. Moreover, we have improved the prospect as for capital distribution over '24 and '25 results.

Fourth, the transformation deployed over the last 3 years will keep delivering results in the upcoming future, and we are already boosting growth. We are very proud of our top-performing SME franchise, recognized by the market and by our customers as a leading franchise. Transformation has significantly improved our capabilities and value proposition in all business units as we have repeatedly shared with you over the last 3 years. As a result, commercial momentum is strong, and volumes are growing steadily with good margins and improving asset quality. All in all, very positive momentum and great prospects for Banco Sabadell. Moving to the second quarter results in Slide 5. Let me share some key messages of the quarter. First of all, commercial activity is performing well. As an example, performing loans grew by 3% quarter-on-quarter. Secondly, net interest income increased by 2.5% quarter-on-quarter. Customer margin currently stands at 3.18%, an increase of 9 basis points in the quarter. Thirdly, asset quality remains strong with a remarkable 5% increase of NPAs while increasing coverage by 1 percentage point in the quarter. This asset quality improvement is impacting positively on the total cost of risk, currently standing at 46 basis points. Fourthly, group net profit reached EUR 791 million in the first half of '24. TSB contributed with EUR 95 million. On the back of this solid progression, our return on tangible equity stood at 13.1% and our common equity Tier 1 fully loaded ratio reached 13.48%, increasing by 18 basis points in the quarter. Finally, as I will explain with greater detail later, the Board of Directors has decided to increase our payout ratio to 60% and has also approved the distribution of an interim dividend of EUR 0.08 per share.

On Slide 6, evolution of performing loans. Loans increased by 2.9% quarter-on-quarter, 2.7% at constant FX. We observed this increase across all geographies, segments and products. Moreover, the good performance in the quarter supports a turning point in the annual trend. In this regard, lending volumes increased by 0.9% year-on-year or 0.5% at constant FX. On balance sheet funds, at the right-hand side of the slide, increased by 1.1% in the quarter. Our balance sheet funds increased by 3.4% in the quarter driven by positive net inflows and market performance. All in all, total customer funds increased by 1.6% in the quarter and by 2.1% in the year.

Slide 7, lending origination to individuals in Spain. New mortgages in Q2 increased by 65% quarter-on-quarter and 37% year-on-year. In the first 6 months of '24, new mortgages increased by 14% compared to 2023.

Let me remind that early-stage applications in Q1 already anticipated this significant increase of mortgage origination in Q2. As you can see, applications keep growing in Q2. So we expect our positive momentum in new mortgages to continue. I would like to emphasize that we are growing in a healthy way, as key indicators show. The risk-adjusted return on capital, RaRoC of new mortgages remains stable in the quarter. New mortgages at fixed rate increased, and both loan to value and affordability remain at low levels.

Regarding new consumer loans, we continue to perform remarkably well. In the first half of '24, new lending increased by 17% year-on-year. Front book yields in Q2 are at the same level than in Q1, and 86% of the origination comes from preapproved loans to targeted customers. To sum up, strong and healthy growth in both mortgages and consumer loan origination. Now let's go to Slide 8, lending origination in Business Banking. New loans and credit facilities in Q2 increased by 23% quarter-on-quarter and by 26% year-on-year. In the first half of '24, they increased by 35% compared with 2023. Working capital financing, at the lower left-hand side of the slide, increased by 8% quarter-on-quarter, while it's a little bit below 2023. As we explained in the previous quarter, we are observing stabilization here after posting relevant increases during '22 and the first half of '23. As I just explained for mortgages and consumer lending, there is a strong and healthy growth in business banking new lending. The RaRoC of our portfolio remains stable, and the percentage of new lending granted to target customers keeps increasing.

Looking forward, demand for mid- and long-term borrowing may be structurally higher. First of all, we observed a healthy starting point for the Spanish business sector as corporates and SMEs have undergone a huge deleveraging process over the past decade. Furthermore, the Bank of Spain is predicting that gross capital formation, a proxy of CapEx of private investment will grow at positive rates, above 2% in '24 and at the following years. In brief, we are currently more optimistic on business lending volumes than we were at the beginning of the year. Moving to Slide 9. In the first half of 2024, card turnover increased by 7%, while point-of-sale turnover increased by 10% compared to the previous year in both cases. Payment-related services continued to perform remarkably well. In the bottom of the slide, we can see the evolution of customer funds in savings and investment products in Spain, which reached a total of EUR 60.6 billion in June '24. This represents an increase of EUR 1.9 billion in the quarter, mainly driven by EUR 1.4 billion increase in off-balance sheet products. Having reviewed the performance of payment services, in Slide 10, I would like to update you on the status of our agreement with Nexi. All regulatory approvals have already been obtained, and the deal will be closed after the hostile tend over -- tend offer ends. Thus, we expect the closing and the capital gain to take place in '25. Let me highlight that postponing the closing of the deal will have no negative impact in the '24 P&L beyond the aforementioned delay in the accounting of the capital gain. In that sense, I would like to remind you that we never took this capital gain into consideration in any of the guidance we have been sharing with you, nor it is now included in our 2025 guidance. Our guidance is always provided on the back of recurrent profits. In Slide 11, we see the performing loan book ex-TSB. Performing loans in Spain grew by 3% quarter-on-quarter with all products and segments growing in the quarter. Mortgage lending has now -- has grown, supported by the strong levels of new lending. We reviewed just a minute -- some minutes ago. Year-on-year, the mortgage book will still deleverage, but at a slower pace than we have been seeing in recent quarters. The stock of consumer loans maintains the positive momentum observed in previous quarters. The SME and corporate loan book also increased in the quarter due to the high dynamism we have just discussed. As a result, year-on-year variation is already flat. Finally, other lending is positively impacted by the seasonal effect of the social security payroll, which will revert next quarter. In the right-hand side of the slide, our international business loan book grew significantly with quarterly and yearly growth in our 3 international businesses ex-TSB. Moving on to the U.K. on Slide 12. Strong new mortgage lending keeps driving growth of the lending stock, which grew by 0.3% in the quarter. On the liability side, the gradual trend of customer funds switching from current accounts to savings accounts, largely explains the increase in the cost of deposits. Cost of deposits at TSB closed the quarter at 1.52%, 5 basis points above last quarter's cost. However, this increase is much, much lower than in previous quarters, especially the ones of '23. In Slide 13, we'll review TSB's financial performance. TSB contributed EUR 49 million to group's net profit this quarter. Accumulated contribution of the year stands at EUR 95 million, equivalent to half of its contribution in 2023. NII grew by 1.3% on the quarter. Positive dynamics are gradually kicking in, mainly due to the larger volume in mortgages and to the structural hedge, which is just starting to increase its contribution.

On a first half of the year comparison, NII decreased year-on-year as it bottomed in Q4 '23, but it has already started to pick up. Fees are down year-on-year in the first 6 months, affected by a one-off this quarter related to cards.

Total recurrent cost decreased by 2.7% year-on-year, in line with our guidance of 3% reduction for the whole of 2024. Provisions in the first 6 months add up to GBP 24 million with a total cost of risk of 13 basis points. In terms of solvency, TSB has achieved 16.3% core Tier 1 fully loaded. Return on tangible equity for TSB stands at 7.5%. Adjusted to the benchmark capital ratio of our U.K. peers, that would be equivalent to 8.9%. As we have said earlier this year, 2024 is a transition year for TSB. So TSB is performing as expected. However, the prospects are very positive as we are explaining in the next slide.

If we go to Slide 14, we present the main levers for TSB to improve its profitability in 2025. We see TSB's return on tangible equity back to double digit in 2025 and from then onwards. Regarding NII, the structural hedge shall contribute with a delta above GBP 100 million in '25 and even higher in '26. This significant tailwind, along with increased volumes should lead NII to grow at a high single digit in '25 and '26.

On the cost front, TSB will benefit from GBP 53 million in savings, 77% of which are due to materialize in 2024 with the rest coming through from 2025. This leap forward in cost contention together with the evolution of NII shall bring TSB's cost-to-income ratio closer to its peers.

In terms of provisions and impairments, we see no pressure on cost of risk. It shall remain at 20 basis points, stable level. We can consider 2023 provisions as the run rate going forward.

In Slide 15, we present a summary of our financials on a group basis. We recorded net profit of EUR 483 million in the quarter, which drove our half year net profit to EUR 791 million, 40% more than last year. These results entailed a return on tangible equity of 13.1%. Our core results, which include NII plus fees minus total recurring costs, grew by 11% year-on-year. In this regard, NII performance was very positive. It grew by 2.5% in the quarter and by 9.8% in the first 6 months of '24 compared to '23. Provisions decreased by 16.9% in the year, underpinning by improved asset quality and benign macroeconomic environment.

In terms of solvency, our capital ratio stands at 13.48%, which implies a solid increase of 61 basis points in the last 12 months. And finally, I would like to emphasize that today, we are announcing an increase of our payout ratio to 60% and the distribution of an interim cash dividend of EUR 0.08 to be paid on October 1.

With this, let me hand over to Leo, which will cover the financials of the bank in more detail.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

Thank you, Cesar, and good morning, everyone. Now moving on to the financial results and starting with Slide 17. We show the quarterly and half year results evolution. Net profit in Q2 reached EUR 483 million, having increased by more than 55% Q-on-Q. When added to the first quarter results, half-year profits stand at EUR 791 million, more than 40% higher than last year's first half figure.

The aforementioned net profit represents 12-month rolling return on tangible equity of 13% -- 13.1%. In terms of P&L, we will take a closer look at the figures in a minute. But before we do, I would like to say that overall, the quarterly evolution evidences the good momentum of the business. As we see, NII grew 2.5% in the quarter with a year-on-year growth close to double-digit rates at 9.8%. This evolution was primarily driven by higher customer margin in all geographies as well as increased average volumes at group level. Despite the expected pressure on fees, core banking revenues grew at 1.6% in the quarter and 6.8% on a year-on-year basis. Total costs increased by 1.7% Q-on-Q, while the year-on-year 2.5% increase remains within our guidance for the year.

Taking a look at our core results. This is the addition of NII plus fees minus costs. They grew 1.6% Q-on-Q and 11% in the year. These core results, combined with the continued downward trend in provisions, consistent with enhanced risk management actions and benign context for asset quality as we anticipated, drove the aforementioned increase in net profits. We will now go through different P&L items in more detail. Starting with NII on Slide 18, group NII increased by 2.5% on a Q-on-Q basis and shows a sound year-on-year growth of 9.8%. On the top right-hand side, you can see the drivers that explain the quarterly evolution. Moving from left to right, customer NII was by far the main driver, contributing EUR 48 million. Within it, customer margin added EUR 34 million, explained by the repricing of the loan book and especially by a very controlled cost of deposits. Volumes had also a very positive impact in the quarter, experiencing an acceleration that brings the contribution of EUR 13 million, this supported the good dynamics observed in the loan book that Cesar mentioned earlier, and FX was marginally positive and added EUR 1 million. ALCO contribution has been neutralized by lower contribution from the excess liquidity. In terms of ALCO, we had an increased fixed income portfolio in the quarter by EUR 0.5 billion. And this, along with the management of some hedges, has allowed us to further reduce NII sensitivity to downward rate movements. The higher cost of funding costs are explained by new issuances totaling more than EUR 3 billion year-to-date, together with fewer maturities in the quarter. And finally, other items represented an impact of EUR 4 million. Moving to the following slide, we show that NII keeps performing better than what we estimated at the beginning of the year. As we have seen in the previous slide, one of the main drivers of this NII outperformance is the evolution of our customer margin. Customer margin at group level improved by 9 basis points in the quarter, supported by an increasing loan yield, and very important to note, a cost of customer funds that reduces 1 basis point in the quarter. Loan yield gained 8 basis points, still driven by the last distribution contributions from Euribor repricing, but also underpinned by the rollover of fixed SME rate loans into new higher yields. On the right-hand side of the slide, you can see that Spain is also contributing positively in terms of customer margin, driven by a loan yield that gains 3 basis points and a cost of deposit that only increases 1 basis point. This contained cost of the deposit evolution in Spain, it's driven by lower front book prices, below back book yield, as well as low migration from side accounts to term deposits. This positive performance of the customer margin, both in Spain at group level allowed to offset the negative contribution from capital markets and ALCO, explained earlier, and drive NIM 2 basis points ahead to 2.1%. With all this in mind, with half year behind us, together with the observed growth in dynamics in volumes, we revised upwards our guidance and believe that group NII in 2024 will grow by mid-single digit. Moving on to the next slide. We show why NII will keep on growing in 2025. As usual, we have split NII in 3 different repricing blocks. First, customer NII, excluding TSB; secondly, the contribution of capital markets, in other words, ALCO, wholesale funding and excess liquidity; and third, TSB's evolution. We still see the ex-TSB customer margin contributing negatively, but we see it more favorable than last quarter due to several factors. On the one hand, the interest rate environment is more supportive than what we had taken into account in our budget. You can see that current Euribor levels for 2024 and 2025 are higher than what we had budgeted at the beginning of the year. And on the other hand, we see commercial activity substantially more dynamic than what we had budgeted for the year. And beyond its contribution in 2024, this shall be especially supportive for 2025's NII. Year-to-date, we are growing our performing loan book by 4%, whereas we have budgeted a negative evolution in 2024 and a very small growth for 2025.

With regards to ALCO, wholesale funding and excess liquidity, we continue to see them overall as positive contributors in NII in 2025, as we further reduce our NII sensitivity to interest rate movements. And finally, NII TSB should increase in 2025 by high single digits, mostly driven by higher contribution coming from the structural hedge that would imply an incremental contribution in 2025 north of GBP 100 million. This positive lever will also be supported by positive loan growth, thus offsetting other potential headwinds. To conclude, on the back of all these moving parts, we are upgrading our 2025 guidance, and now, estimate that NII in 2025 will be higher than in 2024. Leaving the NII line, let's move to fees. First, let me remind you as a context that in 2023, Banco Sabadell, excluding TSB, was the Spanish leader in terms of fees over either RWAs, business volume or total assets. The line posted a decrease of 1.4% in the quarter and a decline of 3.3% on an annual basis. This performance in the quarter was mainly attributable to EUR 5 million negative impact from card costs treatment in TSB. Excluding this impact, fees would have been broadly stable in the quarter, driven by steadiness in credit fees and asset management fees and a slightly better performance of services. Finally, it is important to mention that these fees included contribution from our merchant acquired business, as explained by Cesar. The closing of the deal with Nexi will be postponed until the tender offer ends. Therefore, we will continue to receive fees for this activity. Although, as you know, and we have guided before, this is a neutral impact in the bottom of the P&L. Maintaining the group perimeter implies an upgrade of guidance and pushes our fees upwards from a mid-single-digit decline to a 3% decline.

Now leaving the revenue lines to one side and moving to costs on Slide 22. This quarter, total costs increased by 1.7%. In our year-on-year terms, costs increased by 2.5%, well in line with our guidance for the year. As you can see on the right-hand side of the slide, the cost-to-income ratio improved this quarter half of the year by more -- by almost 4 percentage points when compared to the first half of 2023's ratio. Excluding TSB, the cost-to-income ratio stands at 42.2%. In this context, we are confirming our guidance for 2024 of 2.5% growth versus 2023's recurrent costs. In the following slide, we cover cost of risk and the other P&L items between pre-provision profit and profit before taxes. The group's credit cost of risk stood at 33 basis points, supported by the good evolution of asset quality, as we will review later; the results of management actions taken in the past; and a supportive macroeconomic backdrop. Group total cost of risk for the quarter stood at 46 basis points, which implies an improvement. This is a reduction of 9 basis points versus 2023's year-end and is ahead of our expectations.

Take a look at the breakdown of total provisions on the top right-hand side. From left to right, we can see that we booked EUR 109 million of loan loss provisions, equivalent to the 33 basis points that I just mentioned. EUR 10 million in real estate assets, impacted by branch mergers, that offsets recurrent foreclosed assets sold at a premium. EUR 35 million of NPA management costs as a running level, and finally, other provisions, which are mainly associated with litigations and other asset impairments, which stood at EUR 27 million.

Now going forward, the more favorable macroeconomic context for household and companies. Together with our idiosyncratic risk management actions led us to improve our guidance as we now see that cost of risk should remain below 50 basis points, not only in 2024, but also in 2025. In summary, as we can see on Slide 24, the risk management actions that were put in place in the last few years are already yielding positive results. Let me share with you the developments we have seen on the consumer loan portfolio, which was our first focus back in 2022. In 2021, we noticed that the full levels in our consumer loan portfolio were excessively high. And, therefore, we stopped this activity and undertook a review of the lending process. We deployed new models. We focused the whole business on a more pre-approved risk approach and then relaunched the activity. A reflection of the success of these efforts is the reduction of cumulative default rates, shown on the right-hand side of the slide. As you can see, consumer loan default rates have been declining consistently across vintages since 2021, driven by better discrimination of creditors within our risk origination models.

Now on the back of this success, we have replicated the process and strategy in other segments. Although it is still very early to appreciate the full impact of this new risk management approach, as it has only been in place for a few quarters, we can already see improvements in the probability of default levels as the first half averages of the new lending across all segments are materially lower than in 2023. In this context, we believe that the improved credit risk profile of the new lending across segments will continue driving lower provisions in the future.

Now moving on, in the next section, I'll walk you through asset quality, liquidity and solvency. In the first slide of this section, #26, we take a look at the group's nonperforming loans, which showed a material decrease of almost 5% in the quarter, bringing the NPL ratio down to 3.2% while the coverage ratio increased by 1 percentage point to stand at 60%. On a year-on-year basis, the stock of NPLs has decreased by 8%, proving that asset quality has remained more resilient than anticipated with figures for the half year looking substantially better than our budget. Looking at the exposures by stages and by coverage, on the right-hand side of the slide, our Stage 2 exposure as a percentage of the total loan book dropped by 82 basis points year-on-year, reflecting a reduction of more than EUR 1.3 billion. We also managed to reduce the Stage 3 loans by around EUR 450 million in the year, driven by a reduction of NPL entries as well as more recoveries. Moving on to the next slide, we can see how stock of foreclosed assets has been reducing quarter after quarter. When we look at this development on an annual basis, the reduction amounts to 17% of the stock. 95% of these assets are finished buildings, while coverage remained broadly unchanged at 39%. During the last 12 months, 20% of the stock has been sold with an average premium of 7%, which shows that these assets are properly mark-to-market in our balance sheet.

Overall, total NPAs, including both NPLs and foreclosed assets, are down by 9% year-on-year. Our gross NPA ratios stand at 3.7% and 1.6%, respectively, improving both in the quarter and in the year. In other words, in the last 12 months, we have seen a significant positive evolution of all the asset quality cycle, where NPAs were down 9%, while coverage was up 4 percentage points, while cost of risk is coming down among other factors because of the good development of the new vintages, which are expected to continue.

Turning now to liquidity and credit ratings. As you can see, the group once again ended the quarter with a very comfortable liquidity position. Our LCR remains at sound levels, close to 200%, while our NSFR reached 146%. Loan-to-depo ratio stands at 96%. Total liquid assets remained broadly stable at EUR 59 billion, of which EUR 44 billion are high-quality liquid assets.

Moving on to the credit ratings. I would like to highlight the recent upgrade of our Fitch rating to BBB, underpinned by our position as established SME franchise by our strengthened profitability, adequate funding and capitalization. Furthermore, S&P has upgraded our outlook from stable to positive, driven by the significant improvement in profitability by Spanish banks during 2023. Altogether, in the last 3 years, the bank has benefited from 4 notches uplifts and 2 outlook upgrades to positive from the rating agencies that cover us.

Turning to the following slide, we can see our current MREL position. We are comfortably meeting MREL requirements in terms of both risk-weighted assets and leverage ratio exposure. And we're already compliant with both the absolute and subordinated requirements. On top of this, we have built a comfortable management buffer across all requirements, which eases our funding plan needs for 2024. During the first half of the year, we have printed north of EUR 3.2 billion across the capital structure, including a Tier 2 issuance, senior preferred, a senior non-preferred and a couple of covered bonds.

Turning now to capital. With the publication on the 19th of June of the final capital regulation documents, CRR3 and CRD6, after the final approval by the Parliament and the council, we can now update our view on the impact of Basel IV. With all the available information and on the back of the current balance sheet and P&L and capital models, we estimate now the impact for Sabadell to be 20 basis points. The initial impact, as you may remember, was to be 50 basis points. Let me explain the 2 main differences that bring this down to 20. Firstly, we have been conservative and applied LGD floor to the whole loan portfolio, including both the performing loans and the NPLs, RWAs. The final CRR3 text clarifies that this floor is only applicable to the performing portfolios, RWAs. This has an impact of a reduction of 20 basis points.

Secondly, the dynamics in balance sheet and P&L have reduced the impact both in credit and operational risk going forward since part of this impact has already been anticipated in 2024. This represents a further reduction of 10 basis points. In total, the capital impact of Basel IV has been reduced by 30 basis points or EUR 250 million. This is to 20 basis points, and this impact, let me remind you, will be recorded in January 2025.

Moving to next slide. Let me share with you our solvency position. At the end of June, our fully loaded CET1 ratio reached 13.48% having increased by 27 basis points year-to-date, of which 18 basis points were gained this quarter. When we look at this quarter's evolution in more detail, we see an increase of 44 basis points derived from organic capital generation, which more than offsets the establishment of the payout in 60% from the previous 50%, the small impact from the fair value reserve adjustments as well as higher RWAs in the context of loan growth in the banking book.

From a regulatory perspective, the CET1 ratio stood at 13.48% on a phase-in basis, which implies an MDA buffer of 454 basis points. This level of CET1 places us already above the threshold of excess capital distribution. Finally, in terms of shareholder value creation, tangible book value per share increased by 14% year-on-year, including the distribution of EUR 0.06 through cash dividends paid to shareholders in the last 12 months. Moreover, we identified the impact of the 2022's share buyback program and the executed part of the 2023's share buyback, suspended after the tender offer, which are equivalent to EUR 0.05 per share.

Moving on, in the next section of closing remarks, I will walk you through in the first 2 slides, and then, Cesar will take the floor to the end of the presentation. I would like to recap on our new updated guidance for 2024 in Slide 23. With 2 quarters already behind us and most relevant variables turning out to be better than our initial budget, we are upgrading some of our 2024 guidance. Looking at our financial performance. NII grew in the first 6 months of the year by more than 9% year-on-year. And this makes us more confident that we'll be -- outperform our initial guidance. Therefore, we are raising our NII growth target for the year from circa 3% to mid-single-digit growth. Fees decreased by 3.3% on an annual basis. Due to the temporary delay of the merchant acquirement partnership, we revised our year-end guidance upwards from a mid-single digit to a 3% decline. We reported total cost -- total recurrent costs increase of 2.5% this quarter, and we confirm this target for year-end. Total cost of risk for the first half reached 46 basis points, and we believe it will end the year below 50 basis points, which represents an improvement of 5 basis points versus our latest guidance. All this support our return on tangible equity up to 13.1%, which is already above our initial year-end profitability targets. And therefore, we are upgrading our return on tangible guidance to above 13%. And finally, also very important, we see this profitability sustainable. And that's why we are also guiding our return on tangible in 2025 to be above 13%. This guidance upgrade is what we have been doing in the previous years. Once we gained confidence on the macro uncertainty, it was reduced, as we can see in the next slide.

At the beginning of 2022, we guided for a return on tangible north of 6%, which we upgraded 6 months later to north of 7%, and we finally ended the year with a return on tangible of 7.8%. Last year, 2023, a similar story. At the beginning of 2023, we provided a guidance for year-end above 9%. And for the next year, 2024, higher than in 2023. During the following quarters, we improved twice this guidance as we had visibility and confidence that we could beat them, as we finally did. In January this year, we provided guidance for 2024, but we didn't give it for 2025 because there was significant uncertainty on the evolution of interest rates. In April, once interest rate curves stabilized and there was more visibility, we upgraded 2024's guidance as well as guided for 2025's profitability. Finally, this quarter, we upgrade our guidance again for 2024 and 2025, once we have seen the evolution of rates and commercial activity during the first half. We're already meeting the targets set for the year with Q2's return on tangible at 13.1%, and we have confidence that we will be able to meet or even surpass it, as we have done in the last 3 years. And with this, I hand over to Cesar, who will conclude our presentation today.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Thank you very much, Leo. I've really enjoyed this guidance story that you've given us because it proves that we have always been conservative in looking forward and that we have been over-delivering, and that's what we plan to do. But let me now -- on the back of this guidance and the final Basel IV impact, let me share with you what this all means in terms of shareholder remuneration in Slide 35. First, let me remind that our Board of Directors already committed on February 1 to a payout on the back of the recurrent yearly results plus a recurrent distribution of excess capital above 13% core Tier 1, fully loaded, post-Basel IV. So there's nothing new now. On May 6, before the unsolicited tender offer, we shared with you that as of that date, that distribution capacity represented EUR 2.4 billion over '24 and '25. But today, we are updating this figure. On one hand, as we explained earlier, the expected impact of Basel IV will be lower, therefore, increasing our excess capital figure by EUR 250 million, as Leo explained before. This increase drives the remuneration to EUR 2.65 billion. Additionally, we still have EUR 250 million of the suspended share buyback, which will have been already -- which have been already deducted from capital, pending to be distributed to shareholders. When we had this, we will reach a figure of EUR 2.9 billion, or in other words, EUR 0.53 per share. This represents 27% of Sabadell's market cap as of July. But furthermore, we believe that there is upward potential to bring this figure higher on the back of our improved RoTE, return on tangible equity, guidance for both '24 and '25, which we have not included in this EUR 2.9 billion.

In Slide 36, we share now kind of a calendar how we expect to distribute the EUR 0.53 per share. First, on the back of our capacity to remunerate shareholders and the firm commitment of our Board, to do so, we are announcing that the Board approved increasing the payout ratio to 60%, the upper range of our dividend policy. The Board has also approved an interim dividend of EUR 0.08 per share. This interim dividend represents a total amount of EUR 429 million. More importantly, this EUR 0.08 only represent the first 15% of the total EUR 0.53. The remaining amount, to reach this EUR 0.53 per share, will be distributed as is shown on the slide.

As closing remarks on Slide 37, I would like to share and briefly recap the 5 relevant messages around Banco Sabadell. First, lending volumes are growing across different geographies, products and segments. We have positive prospects in this regard. Second, our NII is resilient with clear levers to support it looking forward. Third, the deployed risk management actions are leading to cost of risk and asset quality improvements. This is the result of years of work. Fourth, our above 13% return on tangible equity is sustainable over time. And fifth, Sabadell has a large capacity to recurrently generate capital and is firmly committed to distribute it to shareholders.

With this, I hand over to Gerardo to kick off the Q&A session.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

Thank you, Cesar. We will now begin the Q&A session. [Operator Instructions] Operator, could you please open the line for the first question?

[Maksym Mishyn, analyst]

I have 3. The first one is on the loan markets. You've been saying previously that it was competitive and you've been protecting your margins. Now the new production has accelerated notably across all the segments. And my question is what drives this pick up? And has your view changed?

And the second one is on cost of risk. What was the impact of risk model updates on the cost of risk in the second quarter?

And then, the last one is on Nexi deal. I know this is not your central scenario, but I was wondering if there is any breakup cost that implies fines in case you decide to walk away from the deal.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Okay. Let me take the first one and the third one. The loan growth is on the back of a ton of things that have been done to prepare for this. And actually, we announced that this was our expectation. We said very clearly in '23 that in a market that was not growing, where we only saw the elements that are related to consumption. So we saw consumer lending growing, and we saw the working capital growing in '22 and '23. But we -- and we saw a very weak demand on mortgages, which is an investment for individuals. And we saw also very weak investment in midterm and long-term CapEx investment from enterprises. And we said very clearly at the end of '24 that we had the expectation that this might change in the future and that we were ready for growth when the market grows. I think that's a sound strategy to grow when the market -- to grow even more than the market grows when the market grows and not to try to gain market share when the market shrinks because it affects certainly your margins and even you can put at risk your cost of risk. And we have executed exactly on that. We have -- if I may so, on the SMEs, we have done a lot of pre-authorizations. So we have calculated the expected loss for every client. You have to remember that 1 in 2 of the SMEs are clients of Banco Sabadell. So we know them very well. And what we have been is very proactive at calculating the probability of default of each and every one of them, understanding their needs and being very proactive at providing the alternative sources of financing as they need them. In mortgages, exactly analogous, not exactly the same, but exactly analogous, the processes have been thoroughly transformed with specialists. We have done a much better segmentation of pricing adjusted to risk, the cross-selling of the different products that are related to it, and we have been able to convert and to increase dramatically -- significantly, dramatically is an exaggeration -- significantly the conversion rate based on much better processes. So this loan growth is just what we were aiming for, and we are very happy to express that we have been successful at executing it. I don't know if you want to add anything on this one, Leo. No? That's fine?

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

That's fine.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Okay. So Maks, there are no breaking clauses. I think we are both absolutely committed what we have just put it, the deal on hold, and this just makes sense. I mean, in the middle of hostile takeover, it doesn't make sense to engage in a significant change of any major activity. And it is with pleasure that I have to announce that we remain committed that the discussions have been very healthy and that we have just remained with exactly the same agreement, just postponed until the end of the tender. So expectedly, it will happen in -- around mid '25.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

And regarding your question about cost of risk, I think the evolution of cost of risk has been slightly better than expected, but within the trend. We said from the beginning of the year that cost of risk was going to come down. Q1 was 50 basis points, and now, we're coming down a little bit. Why? Basically, I would say, the new production -- the new lending, it's been more supportive, as we tried to share in slide, with a decline in PDs on the one hand. This also drives that our individual analysis from a risk standing point has been having a very good performance as companies are having a very good performance in the last quarters, last years. The models have been reasonably stable Q-on-Q, so nothing of any interest on that regard. And we are not seeing any kind of early warning indicators at all as we have -- what we have been discussing in the last few quarters. When we look at earliest KPIs such as 30 days in arrears, as a matter of fact, we're performing better than last year in mortgages and consumer loans and absolutely in line in terms of SMEs and corporates. So I think to start with, the starting situation is very, very healthy, as we have discussed before. The Spanish economy has undergone a huge deleveraging exercise in the last 10 years. So the starting point in terms of leverage is very, very low for both households and SMEs and corporates. Plus, we've been working very hard in the last 3 years to improve our risk procedures in order to improve the quality of the new lending, and we are starting to see that.

And the macro, it's very supportive going forward, unless there's a change that we cannot foresee right now. So the combination of these 3 factors, macro, internal management of risks and the back book, pretty healthy back book, 60% of mortgages are fixed, remember that, we are very confident that cost of risk will keep on having a very good evolution in the coming quarters, just like the trend that we have been seeing in the last few.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

Thank you. Just for the record, I think that was Maks. Wasn't it? So operator, yes, please, let's go to the next question.

[Operator]

Next question is coming from Ignacio Ulargui from BNP Paribas Exane.

[Ignacio Ulargui, analyst]

I have 2 questions, one on NII and another one on capital. So looking to the cost of deposits in the quarter, there has been a very good performance in Spain. Just wanted to see how do you see that evolving, both in terms of pricing of deposits and the makeshift term deposits. On NII as well, we would like to -- have your sense about the competitive landscape in mortgages and business lending. How do you see the market behaving currently in these 2 segments? And the second question is on RWA growth. You have seen a 1% quarter-on-quarter growth in RWAs, but at 3% growth in lending with very strong consumer lending and SME lending, just wanted to see in -- if there was any effect in the quarter and how should we expect about RWA growth going forward in terms of the capital distribution on the EUR 2.65 billion or EUR 2.9 billion distribution that you have announced today.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

Sure, I take the one on deposits, and you might as well want to talk about volumes and competition.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Okay.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

So in terms of deposits, yes, the evolution has been, again, probably better than expected. We were -- from the beginning of the year, we said that the cost of deposits was going to grow this year by much, much, much less than in '23. And the evolution has been very benign. We've already seen some rate cuts. So from here onwards, I expect things to perform in line with what we have seen so far. We might see in some quarters some volatility and some increase because we are doing more campaigns, if you wish, of digital deposits or whatever, just like all banks are doing. But all in all, I expect the evolution of deposits to be fairly subdued. For example, in Spain, I believe the cost of deposits shall remain well below 1% for the year-end. And this was our budget. We might even do it slightly better. It's what we're doing in the first half. So the trend seems to be quite resilient, if you wish. Let's remember that around 45% of deposit costs are concentrated in 3 business segments: private banking, institutionals and public sector. And in those sectors, the beta is very, very high. In other words, they are basically linked to Euribor. So basically, as rates start to go down, the cost of those deposits will have already started to go down.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Yes. It's on competition. I think competition is intense, both in mortgage and SMEs. I think we got ready early. I think we were very focused on the transformation of the bank and got ready for this increase in demand that we anticipated could come and that the factor has come. It's difficult to know market shares because the numbers are published with some delay, but I think we are gaining a bit of market share. And that is precisely in line with what we have decided. I think we are in a sweet spot in terms of size and market share, which allows us to have the critical mass, but at the same time, the ability to grow market share by being the fourth largest bank in Spain. If we talk about the SMEs, the new lending in loans and credit facilities increased by 23% quarter-on-quarter and are up by 35% in the first half. And this is on the back of higher demand, but I think also that we are getting a little bit of market share. As I said before, noted that 1 in 2 SMEs are Sabadell customers, so -- and that we are leaders in the NPS segment and that we have pre-approved their needs so that we can be much more proactive. We have very high market share in some specific products. You have to remember that we have 20% point-of-sale terminals. And more than 30% of the export/import activity. And, therefore, by focusing on the target customers, and this represent 84% of the new lending in first half, is what allows us with this focus to grow a little bit more than our peers. And I think Leo mentioned in his presentation, because this is very important, that it is not the time to do things that we might regret in the future. On the contrary, the probabilities of default in the new origination in '24 are 20% below last year's, and this is well reflected also in the cost of risk. And the outlook for '24 is positive. We expect to continue growing. On mortgages, well, clearly better than we forecasted. The new lending increased by 14% in the first 6 months as the loan demand has been recovering quarter after quarter and even the monthly evolution of the new lending denotes acceleration when we look at the latest months. The new applications are also growing, and we are optimistic. Again, here, the transformation has been very significant in how we have built the offer, in how we do the conversion through the specialists, in how we price, in how we provide additional products and services. And we have seen that also with a clear reduction of the probability of default, very significant over the year, over the first half versus last year and also with stable or even increasing RaRoC on this new production. So it's healthy growth.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

And regarding your question on RWA, so we saw an increase of RWAs in just north of 1%, this 13 basis points while the loan book grew, I think, it's 2.9% in the quarter. Of course, within the RWA's movement, there is a number of moving parts because there are not only credits, you also have markets, you also have operational risk, et cetera, et cetera. So I think it's more or less in line what we should be expecting perhaps a little bit more, but nothing material to report in the quarter.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

And, therefore, our guidance of 2.9 because we think that we can handle growth and the growth of risk-weighted assets and at the same time that the excess of capital will be clearly above the consumption of capital in terms of risk-weighted assets.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

Thank you. Operator, let's please move on to the next caller.

[Operator]

Next question is coming from Francisco Riquel from Alantra.

[Francisco Riquel, analyst]

So a follow-up here in terms of margins. I see that loan growth is picking up, but I wonder if you can reassure that this growth is not coming at the expense of margins. You mentioned in your presentation about RaRoC, which is stable. But RaRoC is also a function of cost of risk, which is coming down and risk weightings, which are also falling, but I wonder more in terms of pricing. You can share with us probably a front book versus back book dynamics for the main loan categories, so you can reassure about the pricing dynamics in the new business, also in the cost of deposits in Spain has gone up 2 basis points, even if the shift to term deposits has stabilized. So I wonder if you are increasing the remuneration of the demand deposits here and if you can share the assumptions of the deposit EBITDA embedded in your NII guidance. And beyond the margins of the new business, I wonder also about the cost of risk of the new business because you have also booked some trading losses in Spain after selling substandard loans. So how do you reconcile this with your guidance of falling cost of risk?

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

Okay. So I mean, regarding the -- there were, I don't know, like 25 questions backup. I'll try to address all of them. So regarding the margins evolutions on -- and loan growth, how are we reconciling that? Yes, as I said, or we tried to explain, RaRoC is stable. Of course, the numbers within RaRoC are moving, but also the clients that we are approaching. As we try to explain at the beginning of the year and certainly in Q1, we are trying to foster our growth within the segments of clients where we want to grow. And, therefore, we are trying to increase the quality of our clients, if you wish. We're trying to lend more to those clients who have better risk scorings. So this can allow at some point to reduce prices because you're lending, for example, in mortgages, that's a good example to a client who has a better income and/or he is also doing some cross-selling because he's taking on board some of the products like insurance cards, et cetera, et cetera. But all in all, the prices are more or less above the stock, all through the different segments. So, honestly, nothing very significant from Q-on-Q, aside from the fact that rates have started to go down, and therefore, those prices that are floating are also obviously taking into account the evolution of rates. As per the deposits that you mentioned, yes, they went up 2 basis points in the quarter. In Spain, as I said, we may be seeing some volatility in -- from some quarters to others because we may be including, as I mentioned, among other things, the campaigns of digital deposits that we have been doing since 2022. So some quarters have slightly higher cost than others. In any case, this -- the current cost of deposits is well below what we expected at the beginning of the year. And we believe that the cost of deposits, as I said, in Spain which are currently at 83 basis points should be well below 1% by the end of the year. And in any case, the front book yield of term deposits is already below the back book for already 2 consecutive quarters, okay?

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

From a general perspective, I think that when we joined the bank, the bank was managed basically by margins. And what we have done is transform the bank and the management and how our commercial people look at their commercial activity. We have transformed it into RaRoC. And RaRoC includes everything, and that is the right measure. So if you do a better pricing for a mortgage because it has a lower risk and because it has cross-selling as effectively Leo was mentioning, that is captured in the RaRoC. And that is how we are managing based on contribution to the profitability. And in SMEs, we are pushing it even one level higher. What we are doing is calculating the value creation per account, per manager. And I think this is becoming, well, I don't know, if state-of-the-art, but very, very developed way of management. So we calculate the contributions of the income. We deduct the costs. We deduct the cost of risk based on the probability of default and the expected loss, and then, we subtract also the cost of capital. And that gives a number in euros. And we can see for each one if there is value creation or not. So on an aggregated basis, I understand that we have to look at the P&L on the different components, but what we are managing is for value. And I think that is precisely what is going to make us even stronger in the future.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

And I think there was a question regarding the volatility on trading. There's always volatility in this line. I think, yes, in Q1, for example, it was a higher number due to some extraordinaries. Normally, we're guiding for, now, EUR 10 million, EUR 15 million number per quarter as an average. If you wish for the year, that will be more or less what we have made in the first half of the year as an average again. And regarding the question of whether we are including here the losses from disposals, no, all the accounting regarding disposals of NPLs, it's included in the -- sorry, in the cost of risk line and as it is included in our guidance also.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

Thank you. Operator, let's please move on to the next question.

[Operator]

Next question is coming from Carlos Peixoto from CaixaBank.

[Carlos Peixoto, analyst]

So a couple of questions from my side as well. First one would actually be on funding costs. So I see that in 2025, there will be roughly EUR 2.8 billion of debt maturities, which currently bear an average of 1.2% cost if I'm reading your slide correctly. I was wondering what are your expectations on the cost for refinancing these maturities and whether this is already fully incorporated in 2025 NII outlook or whether it's something that will actually hurt more 2026 NII. Then a second question on deposit costs. So if I'm reading this correctly, basically, you have over 1 basis point decline quarter-on-quarter in deposit costs for the group. When we exclude TSB, it was actually down 3 basis points from the [indiscernible] that you sent, but Spain standalone was actually up 1 basis point quarter-on-quarter, the deposit cost, I mean. So was Mexico basically the sole responsible for the decline in deposit costs? Or are there here any other geographies that are relevant? And basically, how many volumes in these other international operations, in terms of the deposits, I mean, do you have? And then if I may, just a final question on the shareholder remuneration targets. So basically, you mentioned that you could be upside to EUR 2.9 billion given the upgrade you have on today on the RoTE targets for 2024 and 2025. I was wondering here what was behind the decision not to incorporate this as well already in the shareholder remuneration package, was that uncertainty regarding RWA evolution or any other rationale that could be here? Or was it just conservativeness?

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Thank you. Let me start with the third one with the capital remuneration of the EUR 2.9 billion. If you look at it in reality, it's based on the EUR 2.4 billion that the Board announced months ago. And that was a number and a figure that was based on the budget that was finalized in January 2024. So we haven't added any improvement in the prospects because we want to wait until we have a higher visibility around that in order to include it in the EUR 2.9 billion estimate. Why have we included now the EUR 250 million of the share buyback that has not been paid out yet? Because this is the first instance in which we see you after the tender, after the hostile takeover from BBVA, which stopped de facto that pay out. It was EUR 360 million of share buybacks, of which we paid EUR 90 million or we repurchased EUR 90 million before the hostile takeover came into place. And this is the first opportunity in which we see you, and we, therefore, confirm that. And that is the only one that is a one-off that will be added to the total remuneration over the next 2 years over '24 and '25. And the other EUR 250 million are Basel IV, and it was only -- I think it was the 19th of June that the latest rulings were approved. Our initial 50 basis points were based on a conservative approach, based on the potential interpretation of how things were developing. And at this point in time, we see with thorough calculations, and this is very recent, this is from the 19th of June, so the first time that we are in front of you, we also announced that change. So to go from the EUR 2.4 billion, which is our old estimates based on our old budgeting exercise that we finalized in January, we have only added automatically the news that have occurred since then. And we have not yet included the improvement of the guidance to above 13% return on tangible equity because, as always, we are conservative and we want more assurance and we will do that in the future.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

Carlos, regarding your questions on the wholesale funding, basically, most of the maturities that we have next year are sort, in other words, we are already paying both the Euribor and the spread. So we think that the cost next year should be fairly stable to this year, if not even better and smaller.

And regarding your question with regards to the deposits, yes, in the U.S. and in Mexico, U.S. being our Miami franchise, most of the deposits are linked to rates. So they do move instantly with the rates, and that is a little bit of what has happened in the quarter.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

Operator, let's please move on to next question.

[Operator]

Next question is coming from Ignacio Cerezo from UBS.

[Ignacio Cerezo Olmos, analyst]

To what is similar to the one Carlos has just asked on the deposit side, but on the lending part of things. If I look at your ex-TSB loan yield, I think it's up 6 basis points in the quarter, but Spain is only 3. So trying to understand what, as explained there, I mean, disproportionate increase of loan yields outside of Spain and international units? And then the second one actually is on TSB. I mean, excluding the contribution of the hedge, how do you think in a potentially or likely from a rate environment in the next 12, 18 months? How are you expecting customer spreads to evolve?

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

So first regarding the loan yield, yes, in Spain, it went up by 3 basis points. Basically, in TSB, went up around 8 basis points in the -- a little bit more actually, over more than 10 basis points in the quarter. And then there was also a little bit of an increase in the international business, if you wish, around 5 basis points. So it's moving parts. All geographies are moving up, some are moving faster than others. And the fact that Spain is still positive, in my opinion, it's a fairly good news, if you wish. As per the evolution of TSB, we have a very clear view of TSB in -- as a whole, if you wish, because of the pretty significant contribution coming from the structural hedge that will kick in, not only in 2025 but also in 2026 and 2027. Nevertheless, what we've seen is that the customer spread should improve in the coming quarters just like what we have seen in Q2 versus Q1. The bottom for NII in TSB took place at the end of last year in Q4 '23. It already grew a little bit in Q1. It has grown in Q2, and we're expecting that NII will keep on growing for the remainder of the year. And of course, in 2025 on -- among other things, on the basis of these new delta coming from the structural hedge. Volumes are already stable. So at least we're not deleveraging on that part. Margins in mortgages keep being pressured, but they are stable or going up a little bit, although still slightly below the back book. So all in all, the prospect for TSB, in my opinion, for NII, it's certainly a positive one in the coming quarters.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

All right. Indeed, I think everything is going in the right direction. And I think the fact that the contribution of TSB up to the first half is half of it was last year and that the group is able to perform very well, it just makes me optimistic that this is going to turn around. And everything is looking good. Volumes are looking good. Action on costs are looking good. Margins are looking improving. The structural hedge, which is consistent with how the U.K. banks manage, is coming and is coming strong. And furthermore, there is a continuous transformation at TSB, of which we should see further developments in the future, but it's early to talk about that. So we are very optimistic about the franchise to tell you the truth.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

Let's please move on to the next question.

[Operator]

Next question is coming from Borja Ramirez from Citi.

[Borja Ramirez Segura, analyst]

I have 2. Firstly, is on the RWA growth in the quarter, so your credit RWAs grew by 1% quarter-over-quarter, but the gross loans increased by 3% quarter-over-quarter. And if I look at the growth in Spain, half of the quarter-over-quarter loan growth was driven by consumer, corporates and SMEs. So I would like to ask if you have any RWA optimization that you are implementing? Or what is driving the low RWA density of the new loan growth?

And then my second question would be in the EUR 2.4 billion of capital generation for '24 and '25, could you give a bit more detail on what is included there in terms of the RWA loan growth -- sorry, RWA growth, any optimization? So what is included there?

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Let me start with the high level of the second question. In the EUR 2.4 billion, as I said before, it is just the result of the budget that was finalized in January so far before any event that has occurred afterwards. And I have to say that it had, at that point in time, low estimates in growth of assets, moderate estimates in terms of liabilities. And as Leo presented in the -- during the presentation, the performance of the growth on the asset side has been very significant. But another thing that has been very significant and that is not included in the EUR 2.4 billion because we have kept constant that figure based on the approval of the budget that was done in January, as I said before, January '24. Another thing that has improved significantly are the margins on the back of good commercial activity, but also a better environment from a rate perspective and also a better pass-through or lesser pass-through than we expected at the time of when we built the budget. So as I mentioned before, I think this figure, which we have not updated could be and could prove conservative as we move forward.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

Should we get into details with regards to RWA growth, again, as I tried to explain before, so the loan book grows by 2.9% in the quarter. This quarter, as every single quarter, second quarter in Spain, we have an impact coming from the social security of around EUR 700 million, which is something that comes in at the end of June and goes out at the beginning of July for all banks. This is double-pay of the pensions, and this doesn't have any impact on RWAs. So we're talking about -- then that 2.9% would go to 2.3% perhaps. Growth in lending, our RWAs are growing 1%. As I said, nothing very special in the quarter. I would say this is more or less business as usual, also taking into account [indiscernible] of the macro environment, which is benign. So nothing honestly very material. I think it's business as usual.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

We're slightly over the scheduled time, so we will try to squeeze a couple more questions. Operator, let's please give access to next caller.

[Operator]

Next question is coming from Britta Schmidt from Autonomous.

[Britta Schmidt, analyst]

My first question would be on the strength of your commitment to the capital distributions. So can we assume that irrespective of the offer or the timing of any offer you intend to meet the calendar even if any distributions were adjusted in an offer? The second one would be, if you could just share some color of the mode amongst your SME clients? Is there any sort of uncertainty of Sabadell as a lending partner? And how are you discussing this with your client base? And the third one, I don't know whether you have the figures yet, but can you update us on your current fair value adjustments on assets and liabilities for Q2, please?

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

No, I think the commitment and the strength of the capital distribution is previous to any movement on the side of BBVA. If you recall, Britta, we decided, I think it was in the results announced at the end of the year, that anything above 13% would be distributed. I remember that at that time many of you thought that we were not aggressive enough and that 13% was not a demanding figure enough, but we took at the time into consideration that we understood that the countercyclical buffer was coming our way and we wanted to be prudent and we wanted to remain at the MDA buffers that would be strong. So there's nothing new under the sun except the fact that the numbers are falling into place and we are quantifying a decision that was already made by the Board, actually, at the demand of the investment community and the analyst community that wanted, and we thought it was fair, that we declared a clear amount and a clear commitment of how we -- what we thought was the amount above which we consider that there was excess capital at the bank. And that's exactly what we've done. And based on the current numbers, using the previous budget, plus the better forecast on Basel IV plus the 250 non-distributed, we got 2.9%. But there's nothing but predictability and automation in the numbers that we are sharing. On the...

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

Sorry, and I think it's important to mention that we were clear about these with the market before the tender took place. So already in January, we were talking about distributing excess capital above 13%. And we have been doing a 50% payout for the last 2 or 3 years. So basically, the only thing that we have done is to put numbers on to the commitment of the Board. And as per the -- I think you asked also...

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Let me first -- the uncertainty around SMEs and as clients, you were going to go to the answer...

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

No. I was still -- sorry, I think she asked us about the certainty of whether we can really meet the calendar within -- or still having a tender process. And the answer is clearly yes. We have already executed an interim dividend of EUR 0.08, which will be paid in October. The reminder, as always, will be after the AGM, the natural AGM, the regulatory AGM, the recurrent AGM that would take place in -- well, through the course of March. And at that AGM, the Board of Directors will submit a proposal for dividends, both for the final dividend on the basis of the 60% of the payout and also for the excess capital above 13% CET1 fully loaded post-Basel IV, which is a pro forma of 13.2% and also to reengage with the share buyback that had been stopped due to the course of the merger. So yes, we have all the tools to execute that compromise within the normal procedure.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Yes. Around -- let me see if I understood correctly your question about the uncertainty for SMEs. I understood that you said, well, are they worried to deal with us in case we disappear or something of that sort? That's the way I understood the question. If it's not that, please. That's it?

[Britta Schmidt, analyst]

Yes.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Okay. So basically, I would say that it is exactly the opposite. It's fun because I'm going around Spain with Carlos Ventura, which is Head of the SMEs and Corporates and all the network, and we have been going around. And usually, you find commercial people who are always complaining, oh, the market is so tough, we will do, we will meet the targets, but it's so difficult and so forth. And in this case, it's exactly the opposite. They are saying that clients are trying to help. You have to understand that there's a very clear demand for Sabadell, who has a very high NPS, the highest NPS in SMEs, and they want the bank to stay, and they want to help. And therefore, we are finding -- I have to say, in the words of our commercial people, we're finding it a little bit easier than usual.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

And I think the final question was about the fair value adjustments. I think putting on the annexure of the presentation, the fair value adjustment of the [indiscernible] portfolio of the ALCO book. That one, it's around EUR 1.3 billion or 70 basis points as per the fair value adjustment of the loan book. Basically, it's related to the fixed rate mortgages in Spain and the U.K. We're talking about EUR 3.5 billion.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

And with this, we will give access to the last call of the day. Operator, please.

[Operator]

Last question is coming from Hugo Cruz from KBW.

[Hugo Moniz Marques Da Cruz, analyst]

Just 3 quick questions. So just wanted to understand the thought process on the distribution of excess capital. Why can't you have an earlier AGM to accelerate the distribution of excess capital since you now have that clarity on Basel IV and you're already with -- at excess? Second, the RoTE guidance for 2025, does that assume any distribution of excess capital? And third, on the cost of risk, do you think it can continue to decrease year-on-year, so lower cost of risk in '25 versus '24? And how low do you think the cost of risk can be?

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

So we debated having an extraordinary or not having an extraordinary AGM. In reality, we want to behave as normal as possible. We remain in our perimeter. We don't do anything strange things. It's all about performance, performance, performance. And as the AGM is established, the ordinary AGM is established on the date in which it's established, and we think we will reach that time in order to distribute the capital. That's exactly what we are doing. The second question, the second part of that, I didn't fully get. Leo?

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

No, I think the second question was regarding return on tangible equity, if I recall correctly. So yes, you were asking whether we were including the distribution of excess capital within those numbers, I think we are very comfortable with the north of 13% return on tangible equity for next year. And depending on whether you include or not the excess capital, that number could be higher. But yes, we are committed to 13% for certain.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

And on the cost of risk, I think we see a trend -- a continuous trend going down. Of course, this depends also on the macro environment, but for the time being, it is benign. The new production is better. The quality of the new production is better than the quality of the book. So the only rational thing to see, all the rest being equal, is a declining cost of risk over time. And that's why we are being prudent, and we are just projecting that it will be stable and that it will be below 50 basis points. But again, I think we like to be prudent in our projections.

[Gerardo Artiach, executive]

Thank you. Thank you all for your questions. Thank you, Cesar and Leo, for all the answers. I believe we might have left a couple of you out, but we do not have any more time. Let me, in any case, remind you that the full IR team is available for any further questions you could have. And with this, we will wrap up the Q&A session. Once again, thank you all for your participation and for joining us today.

[Cesar Gonzalez-Bueno Wittgenstein, executive]

Thank you very much.

[Leopoldo Alvear Trenor, executive]

Thank you. Bye-bye.